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FROM FOREIGN ARCHIVES 


VOLUME IV 


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OVY Tad YIIAVY NVS NOISSIJA AHL dO MATA AVG-LNASAUd Y 





KINO’S HISTORICAL MEMOIR 
OF PIMERÍA ALTA 


A CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNT OF THE BEGINNINGS OF. CALI- 
FORNIA, SONORA, AND ARIZONA, BY FATHER EUSEBIO 
FRANCISCO KINO, S.J., PIONEER MISSIONARY 
EXPLORER, CARTOGRAPHER, AND 
RANCHMAN 


1683-1711 


PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT 
IN THE ARCHIVES OF MEXICO; TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH, 
EDITED AND ANNOTATED, BY 


HERBERT EUGENE BOLTON, Pu.D. 


PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY AND CURATOR OF THE 
BANCROFT LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 


VOLUME II 





THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY 
CLEVELAND: 1919 


COPYRIGHT, I9IQ, BY 
HERBERT E. BOLTON 


CONTENTS 


Part 111. Or THE CELESTIAL FAvors oF JESUS, MOST HOLY 

Mary, AND THE MOST GLORIOUS APOSTLE OF THE INDIES, SAN 

FRANCISCO XAVIER, EXPERIENCED IN THESE NEW CONVERSIONS 

AND New PHILIPPINES OF THIS UNKNOWN NORTH AMERICA 
IN THE YEARS 1703 AND 1704 


Book I. Of the Year 1703. Incursions of the hostile Apaches 
into the Province of Sonora and its Frontiers and into this Pi- 
meria, which did not, however, hinder the Building of its 
two new Churches : y ; ; : ! 
Chapter I. Of the Enemies who are accustomed to commit 

many Hostilities and do much Damage in this Province 
and its Frontiers, and even within this Pimeria. 

Chapter II. Of the Expeditions of these Pimas against the 
hostile Apaches. 

Chapter III. Of the Hostilities, Robberies, and Murders 
which the Enemies committed this Year on the Frontier 
of this Province of Sonora. 

Chapter IV. Other Hostilities of the foregoing Enemies, 
drawn from the Letters of the Sefior Lieutenant and the 
Señor Alcalde Mayor. 

Chapter V. Dangers of the Province, and unfortunate 
Deaths of some Soldiers. 

Chapter VI. New pretended but very false Rumors of 
Uprisings or Revolts of the Pimas of the West, that is, of 
Captain Soba. 

Chapter VII. While with all Happiness we Pimas are build- 
ing Churches, they wrongly and with great hindrance 
to the Service of God and the King charge us with vari- 
ous Hostilities and Thefts. 

Chapter VIII. Other hostilities, thefts, and murders 
throughout this year of 1703.* 

Book II. Celestial Favor, consisting of the Royal Cédula 
of the new and very Catholic Monarch and Catholic King, 


a There is no corresponding chapter in the text. 


25 


CONTENTS [ Vol. 


Philip V. Coming in the Midst of the Opposition, Con- 
tradictions, and Adversities of these New Conversions, or 
New Phillippines y A : > : 4 ; 

Chapter I. Of the many Adversities and Delays of these 
New Conversions. 

Chapter II. The new royal Cédula of his Majesty, Philip 
V., in Favor of these New Conversions, arrives, and the 
new rectorate of these new Missions of this Pimeria is 
begun. 

-Chapter III. Of the Report of the new Christian Com- 
munity of California which was printed in Mexico by 
Father Francisco Maria Picolo, with the royal Cédula 
of July 17, 1701, inserted. 

Chapter IV. Succinct Relation which Father Francisco 
Maria Picolo, of the Company of Jesus, made in regard 
to the new Conversion, State, and Progress of California, 


and presented to the Royal Audiencia of Guadalaxara, at - 


their Order. 

Chapter V. Of the Fortification, Settlements, and Missions 
founded, and of the Soldiers and Vessels of California. 
Chapter VI. Nature, Climate, Fertility, and Fruits of the 
Country; Salines, Pearls, and Minerals; Rancherias, 
Arms, and Disposition of the Natives; Animals, Birds, 

and Fish of California. 

Chapter VII. It is asked that in California there be two 
Vessels, more missionary Fathers, a Presidio of Soldiers, 
and Families of Settlers, etc. 

Chapter VIII. ‘The above Cédula and the Report of the 
State of California furnish a Motive for making a Re- 
port in this Treatise upon the State of these New Con- 
versions of this Nueva Biscaya. 

Chapter IX. Different ones of us make divers Reports 
through various Channels. Nevertheless, either because 
of false Reports of those little inclined or hostile or be- 
cause the Time is not yet ripe, the Coming of the Fathers 
is not effected.” 

Chapter X. Some Reasons why the coming of the desired 
Fathers for these New Conversions is not yet brought 
about. | 


> Chapters IXx-XvI are misnumbered in the manuscript. 





36 


two | CONTENTS 


Chapter XI. Different Persons who in these Months write 
in Favor of these New Conversions, with a Report for 
his Royal Majesty, God save him. 

Chapter XII. Other Letters from various Persons who in 
these Times of Contradiction, Opposition, and Delays of 
these New Conversions, speak much good of them. 

Chapter XIII. Letters with some News of the new Con- 
versions of Great China, which have come to my Hands 
during these Months. 

Chapter XIV. Of the last Months of this Year 1703, and 
of the building of two new Churches, their Expense, Cost 
and Value. 

Chapter XV. Of the Dedication of the two new Churches 
of this Pimeria. 

Chapter XVI. Other Persons who desire to come to these 
Dedications, and Regrets that some Fathers do not come 
to this Pimeria. 

Chapter XVII. Of the Coming of Father Geronimo Minu- 
tili to this Pimeria.° 

Book III. First Months of the Year 1704; Dedications of two 
new Churches; Expedition or Peregrination to Los Guaimas, 
one hundred Leagues to the South } 

Chapter I. Of the Month of January, ea in enn oc- 
curred the solemn Dedication of two new good, and 
capacious Churches. 

Chapter II. Of the Natives and Outsiders who took part 
in these Dedications. 

Chapter III. Entry of Father Geronimo Minutili to his 
new Mission of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama. 
Chapter IV. Expedition planned against the Enemy but 
which, on Account of the Discord between the Captains, 

was not made. 

Chapter V. A Peruvian Ship which arrives in California, 
and other wrecked Vessels. 

Chapter VI. My Journey or Expedition of one hundred 
Leagues to the Southward to the Guaimas and the neigh- 
boring Heathen. 

Chapter VII. My Arrival at San Joseph de los Guaimas; 


86 


c This heading, omitted from the Table of Contents, has been supplied 


from the body of the work. 


10 CONTENTS [Vol. 


and the Heathen discovered on this new and direct Road. 

Chapter VIII. My Return from San Joseph de Guaimas 
to Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, whence Gifts are sent 
by the new Road for the Guaymas and for California. 

Book IV. New Government of the Province and of the Mis- 

sions, with the Coming from Europe to this New Spain of a 

new Father Visitor General and Vice-provincial, Manuel 

Pineiro; new royal Cédula, with the new Aid of thirteen 

thousand Pesos for California: some very sinister Reports; 

Opposition to these New Conversions; and the Going of 

Father Juan Maria de Salvatierra from California to Mex- 

ico , i i A : : . A : : 97 

Chapter I. First Letters and News which arrived at this 
New Conversion of the Coming of the Father Visitor, 
Manuel Pineiro; and a Letter which his Reverence writes 
to me. | 

Chapter II. New royal Cédula of Philip V., God save him, 
in Regard to the Advancement of California. 

Chapter III. That temporal and spiritual Goods are mul- 
tiplied for the Benefactors of these New Conversions. 
Chapter IV. Of some new and calumnious Hostility and 

Opposition to the new Conversions. 

Chapter V. Another very grave Calumny against the Gov- 
ernor of my third Pueblo of Nuestra Señora del Pilar 
de Cocospera and against the Welfare of these New Con- 
versions. 

Chapter VI. New Evidence of the Loyalty of the Pimas 
and that it is the hostile Apaches who commit the Rav- 
ages against this Province. 

Chapter VII. Letters of Father Francisco Maria Picolo 
and Father Marcos Anttonio Capuz in regard to the go- 
ing of the Father Rector Juan Maria de Salvatierra from 
California to Mexico. 

Chapter VIII. A letter from Captain Juan Bautista de 
Escalante from his new Captaincy in California, dated 
Oct. 22nd. On the same Day the Father Visitor Don 
Manuel Pineiro died in Mexico.* 

Chapter IX. Letter of the Captain Don Gregorio Alvarez 
Tuñon y Quiros, saying that, reconnoitering the Fron- 


a This chapter and the next are misnumbered in the manuscript. 


two] CONTENTS 


tiers, he is coming to the Pimeria; and our Christmas 
celebration in the new Pueblo of Nuestra Señora del 
Pilar de Cocospera. 


Part IV. Or THE CELESTIAL FAVORS EXPERIENCED IN THE 
YEARS 1705 AND 1706 


Book 1. New Government of Father Provincial Juan Maria 
de Salvatierra; first and second Persecutions of these New 
Conversions in the first Months of this Year 1705, and the 
good Success with which Our Lord is pleased to bring us 
forth in Safety from them 
Chapter I. Of the Arrival of F ee cave Maria ae Sal- 

vatierra from California at Mexico, where his Rever- 
ence enters as Provincial of this New Spain. 

Chapter II. Of the first and very great Persecution which 
occurred in these three Months of January, February, and 
March, especially against this Pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora 
de los Dolores. 

Chapter III. A second very grave and calumnious Perse- 
cution against the two principal Captains of these New 
Conversions. 

Chapter IV. Conclusive Proof that there is not the least 
Trace of the pretended Revolt which was reported, neither 
by the above-mentioned Captains, nor by any other of this 
Pimeria. 

Chapter V. Letters of two Father Visitors which confirm 
the above Refutation, and tell of the good State of this 
Pimeria. 

Chapter VI. Of the very great and serious Hindrance to the 
Welfare of Souls which the calumnious, sinister Reports 
and false Testimony have caused in the New Conversion. 

Book II. The Coming and Visit of the new Father ae 
Francisco Maria Picolo, to these new Missions. 

Chapter I. The Coming of the Father Visitor, Francisco 
Maria Picolo, to this first Pueblo of Nuestra Señora de 
los Dolores, where he holds the Feast of the Ascension 
of Our Lord. 

Chapter II. Return of the Father Visitor to the Valley of 
Sonora; and most courteous Letters which His Reverence 
and his Predecessor write me. 

Chapter III. Letters which arrive at the new Pima Mis- 


II 


ae dd 


135 


12 


CONTENTS [Vol. 


sions from the Marianas Islands and Great China, at the 
very time of this above-related Visit. 

Chapter IV. Comparison of these new American Missions 
of this unknown North America with the Asiatic Mis- 
sions of the Marianas Islands and of Great China. 

Chapter V. Letters of the Father Visitor, Francisco Maria 
Picolo, from Oposura and Matape, with news that the 
Father Provincial Juan Maria de Salvatierra goes from 
Mexico to California. 

Chapter VI. Arrival of Father Provincial Juan Maria 
de Salvatierra from Mexico in California, and a Letter 
which his Reverence writes me of this Event. ; 

Chapter VII. Letters from the very Reverend Father 
Knight Commander, Fray Nicolas Bernardo de Ramos, 
Father Rector Pedro Ygnacio de Loyola, and Captain Don 
Miguel de Torrises y Cano, which, written in different 
Places, arrive at the same Time in Support of these New 
Conversions. 

Chapter VIII. Letter which the Father Provincial, Juan 
Maria de Salvatierra, writes me at his Departure from 
California on his Return to Mexico. 

Chapter IX. Last Letters which at the end of this Year 
1705 are written to me by four different Persons, with 


News of California and of Affairs here. 


Book III. New Conquests and new Conversions of the Year 


1706, in Particular through two Expeditions, or Missions, 

to the Coasts of the Sea of California, to the Southwest and 

to the Northwest k 4 ‘ A . A 

Chapter I. A very recent Letter from the Father Visitor, 
Francisco Maria Picolo, which, with another somewhat 
earlier from our Father General Tirzo Gonzales, in- 
spires us to persevere in these new Conversions. 

Chapter II. Expedition or Mission of more than a hundred 
Leagues to the new Heathendom of the Southwest, of 
the Sea of California, and the Journey of Father Domingo 
Crescoli to his new Mission of La Consepcion. 

Chapter III. Discovery of the new Island of Santa Ynes, 
and of the new Cape of San Vicente, on the Gulf of the 
Sea of California, in Latitude thirty-one Degrees north. 

Chapter IV. My Return to Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, 


. 156 


two] CONTENTS 


and a Letter which the Father Visitor, Francisco Maria 
Picolo, writes me in regard to the Finding of the New 
Island of Santa Ynes. 

Chapter V. Lenten Mission of more than fifty Leagues to 
the northwest and to the west, from February 27 to 
March 20, 1706, penetrating to San Ambrosio del Busa- 
nic, to El Tubutama, and to Nuestra Señora de la Con- 
sepcion del Caborca. 

Chapter VI. By this Mission or Journey the Building of 
six new Churches is advanced at the same Time; and a 
rare Example of the Ripeness of the Harvest of Souls, 
even among the distant Quiquimas of California Alta. 

Chapter VII. Some Depredations which hostile Apaches 
commit in this Province of Sonora, but without Hinder- 
ing the quiet, and Thanks be to the Lord, the very pacific 
and good Progress of these New Conversions. 

Chapter VIII. “Two Missions or Expeditions to the North, 
after Easter and after the Middle of April, for Confes- 
sions, Baptisms, and Marriages, and to begin Work upon 
the Houses and little Churches of Santa Maria Bugota 
and San Lazaro. 

Chapter 1X. Letter from Father Geronimo Minutuli say- 
ing that the Quiquimas were sending me Gifts, and that 
they were asking for me to come down to baptize them. 

Chapter X. Mission or Journey to the westward, to Nues- 
tra Señora de la Consepcion del Cavorca; Building, Feast, 
and solemn Procession of Corpus Christi in the Pueblo 
of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama. 

Chapter XI. The Fathers of California desire and attempt 
to open Communication and Commerce with the Pimeria 
by way of the recently discovered Island of Santa Ynes, 
and by the new Cape of San Vicente of this Californian 
Gulf in thirty-one Degrees of Latitude. 

Chapter XII. Letter of General Juan Fernandez de la 
Fuente, who, favoring the above-mentioned Missions or 
Journeys which have been made, gives Assurance that 
more will be accomplished and gained by the religious 
Charity of the Fathers than by the military Weapons of 
the Soldiers. 

Book IV. Of the last six Months of this Year, 1706, and 


13 


14 CONTENTS [Vol. 


principally of the Mission or Expedition which was legally 

made by Order of General Don Jacinto de Fuen Zaldaña, 

Captain for Life and military Commander of this Province 

of Sonora, with Alférez Juan Matheo Ramires, Commander 

Juan Duran, and Fray Manuel de la Oyuela, of the Sacred 

Order of the Seraphic San Francisco . ; . 180 

Chapter I. With the News that Fathers are coming CA 
Europe, Laborers are promised us for these New Conver- 
sions, and Reports are asked of us and are given in regard 
to the Number of the Fathers that are needed in them. 

Chapter II. Letter from the Father Visitor, Francisco Maria 
Picolo, in regard to the Receipt and Despatch to Mexico 
of the Report and the Map of the new Missions, founded 
and to be founded, of this Pimeria. 

Chapter III. Letter from General Juan Matheo Manje 
stating that there have been asked of him and that he is 
arranging to print Relations and Reports conducive to 
the Coming of the necessary Missionary Fathers to this 
Pimeria. 

Chapter IV. At this same Time the principal Natives and 
Caciques, Captains, and Governors, of the North and 
Northeast as well as of the Northwest, sent Messengers 
with a Holy Cross and other Gifts, and with urgent 
Prayers to ask Fathers and Holy Baptism. 

Chapter V. Letter from the Father Rector of California, 
Juan de Ugarte, in regard to a Bark or Launch for the 
more direct Communication of these Missions of this 
Province with California by the short Passage of eight 
or nine Leagues at most, in thirty-one Degrees Latitude; 
he invites me to cross over to California. 

Chapter VI. Reply to this Californian Letter saying that 
here in this Pimeria we have already a Supply of what is 
Necessary for the Bark, or Launch, for this short Passage. 

Book V. New Mission, or Journey, to the Land Passage to 

California, with Fray Manuel de la Oyuela, of the sacred 

Order of the Seraphic San Francisco, and by Order of Gen. 

Jacinto de Fuenzaldaña, military Commander and Captain 

for Life for His Majesty of the flying Company, or Pre- 

sidio, of this Province of Sonora, with its Alférez Juan 

Matheo Ramires, and its Commander Juan Duran, 1706 . 193 


two] CONTENTS 


Chapter I. Letter which Gen. Don Jacinto de Fuenzal- 
dafia writes me in Regard to his happy Return from 
Mexico to this Province of Sonora and to his flying Com- 
pany or Presidio of this Province. 

Chapter II. Authenticated Certificate of the Captain Dep- 
uty-Alcalde-Mayor of the good State of these Conver- 
sions, and declaring that even the Quiquimas of Cali- 
fornia sent a Holy Cross and to ask Holy Baptism. 

Chapter III. Diary of the Journey to the Land Passage to 
California, from October 13 to November 16, 1706; 
Departure from the Presidio of Santa Rosa de Corode- 
guachi, and Arrival at the Pueblo of Nuestra Señora de 
los Dolores. 

Chapter IV. Mission or Expedition to the Land Passage to 
California, from Oct. 22 to Nov. 16, 1706, taken from the 
Diary of Alférez Juan Matheo Ramires, who went on the 
Expedition. 

Chapte V. Our Departure from San Pedro y San Pablo 
del Tubutama and Arrival at San Marcelo del Sonoidag. 

Chapter VI. Departure from San Marzelo and Arrival at 
the very high Peak of Santa Clara, and in very plain View 
of the Land Passage to California, and Arrival on our 
Return at Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores. 

Chapter VII. Relation and separate Certification by Fray 
Manuel de la Oyuela, of the Sacred Order of the Seraphic 
San Francisco, of having seen the Land Passage to Cali- 
fornia. 

Chapter VIII. Letter of Father Rector Melchor Bartiromo 
in regard to the great Pleasure which his Reverence and 
other Persons have had in these above related Missions, 
or Journeys, to the Land Passage to California. 

Chapter IX. Of the Founding of a Villa in these New Con- 
versions, which is considered in the latter part of 1706 
and the Beginning of 1707. 


Part V AND THE Last. THE LONG REPORT, DIVIDED INTO 
Books AND CHAPTERS, CONCERNING THE VERY GREAT SERVICE 
TO Gop AND THE KING WHICH EVEN AT VERY SMALL CosT TO 
THE RoYAL EXCHEQUER MAY BE SECURED BY PROMOTING WITH 
FATHER LABORERS THESE NEW CONVERSIONS, IN WHICH, IN 
THE OPINION OF PRUDENT PERSONS, THERE MAY BE FOUNDED 


15 


16 CONTENTS [Vol. 





A NEW KINGDOM, WHICH MAY BE CALLED KINGDOM OF NUEVA 
NAVARRA 


Book I. Of the Motives for Writing this Report or Relation . 229 
Chapter 1. The royal Cédula of Felipe V, God save him. 
Chapter II. The Letters of our Father General Thirso 


Gonzales. 

Chapter III. Opinion and Letter of Fray Manuel de la 
Oyuela. 

Chapter IV. Letter of the Father Rector, Juan de Hurta- 
sum. 


Chapter V. Letter of the present Father Provincial, Juan 

de Estrada. | 
Book II. Beginnings and Progress of the new Conquests and 
new Conversions of the Heathendoms of this extensive Pi- 

meria and of the other neighboring new Nations . le el i 

Chapter I. Of the immense Catholic and loyal Expenditures 
which have been made for almost two whole Centuries in 
the various Navigations and Expeditions to the Califor- 
nias, wherefrom now, however, are happily originating 
these new Conquests and new Conversions of this North 
America. 

Chapter II. In our time are continued the Catholic Royal 
Expenditures for the Conquest and Conversion of the 
Souls of California, and our Lord compensates and re- 
wards them. 

Chapter III. On the occasion when the Conquest and Con- 
version is suspended, almost without Wish or without 
Thought of it a Beginning is made of these very extensive 
new Conquests and new Conversions of this unknown 
North America. 

Chapter IV. Immediately after the good Beginning is made 
of these new Conquests and new Conversions in this terra 
firma of this North America, the Conquest and Conver- 
sion of California by means of the indefatigable Apostolic 
Industry of Father Juan Maria de Salvatierra are begun 
and happily continued. 

Chapter V. While the Conquest and Conversion of Cali- 
fornia are being carried on at twenty-five, twenty-six, and 
twenty-seven Degrees of Latitude, and over here Commu- 
nication with it is sought in this our Latitude of thirty-two, 


two | 


CONTENTS 


thirty-three, and more Degrees, I undertaking for this 
Purpose the Building of a Vessel, by means of the many 
Expeditions in these new Conversions a Passage by Land 
to California is discovered in Latitude thirty-five Degrees. 


Chapter VI. More than twenty Governors and Captains of 


the Interior come to Nuestra Senora de los Dolores to ask 
Fathers and Holy Baptism, and go for the same Purpose 
to Santa Maria de Baceraca to see the Father Visitor 
Oracio Police, some of them travelling in Going and Re- 
turning to their Homes four hundred Leagues. 


Chapter VII. On another Mission, or Journey, of more 


than one hundred and thirty Leagues, which I made to the 
Northeast, I took with me twenty-two soldiers, that they 
might be Eye-witnesses to the good State of these Pimas 
of the North and of their fertile Valleys; and we found 
so many and such ripe Harvests of Souls that when we 
returned Father Melchor de Bartiromo chanted a solemn 
Mass in Thanksgiving at Toape to our Lady of the Con- 
cepcion. 


Chapter VIII. In another Mission or Journey which the 


Father Visitor, Anttonio Leal, and Father Francisco Gon- 
zalvo and I made to the Northward, returning by the 
West, we saw more than eight thousand other Pimas; 
and the Father Visitor with his paternal Holy Zeal secured 
for us some Father Laborers. 


Chapter IX. In the twenty-two Years since these new Con- 


versions were begun more than thirty thousand souls, be- 
sides the great Number in California, have been reduced 
to our Friendship and to the Desire of Receiving our holy 
Catholic Faith; and if for this Purpose necessary Fathers 
be given, there are well founded hopes that, God willing, 
more than as many others can be reduced and converted. 


Book III. Of the very great Advantage to both Majesties 
which can be obtained by the Promotion of these new Con- 
versions, on account of the many great Benefits and Utilities 
which they promise. They are especially the Twelve which I 


relate in the twelve Chapters which follow : 
Chapter I. That these new Conversions, their new Missions 


being promoted, will be able to serve as a very great or 
total Relief for this Province of Sonora from the Enemies 


17 


. 254 


18 CONTENTS [Vol. 





who for so many years have infested it, and who are the 
Jocomes, Janos, and Apaches, for these our Pimas with 
their Captain Coro, even without him, are accustomed 
frequently to give them good Blows. 

Chapter II. That prudent Persons think that in these two 
hundred Leagues of new Conquests a new Kingdom can 
be founded. 

Chapter III. That, God willing, one can enter shortly to 
the North and Northeast to the Reduction of the neigh- 
boring Apacheria, and to the Northwest up the large- 
volumed Rio Colorado, or Rio Del Norte. 

Chapter IV. That we shall be able to enter to trade with 
the Pueblos of Moqui and Zuni, and with New Mexico, 
which are in thirty-six and thirty-seven Degrees of Lati- 
tude, for we have reached their Vicinity of thirty-four 
Degrees Latitude and more. 

Chapter V. ‘That a way can be opened even to other more 
distant Expeditions and Conquests, as to the northward, 
to Gran Teguayo, to the Northwest, to Gran Quibira, to 
the West, to California Alta and Puerto de Monte Rey, 
Capt Mendosino, etc. 

Chapter VI. ‘That in time we shall be able to trade with 
New France and open a Way to Europe shorter by half 
than that which we travel via Vera Cruz. 

Chapter VII. That to the westward by continuous Lands, 
by the Land of Yesso, by the Land which they call Tierra 
de la Compañia, and by the Strait of Anian, in Time one 
will be able to pass from this America to Asia and to 
Great Tartary and to Great China. 

Chapter VIII. That one can pass to the opposite Coast of 
California to establish a Port of Call for the China ship, 
and succor the many persons sick of Scurvy which it is 
accustomed to bring; and the inhabitants of these New 
Conquests, in all the Kingdoms of New Biscaya, and New 
Mexico will be able to trade with it. 

Chapter 1X. That we shall happily comply with that which 
in so Catholic a Manner so many royal Cédulas charge us 
with, namely, that in a Matter so very essential we must 
report these Heathendoms that live in such Helplessness, 
in order to reduce them and convert them to our Holy 


two | CONTENTS 


Catholic Faith, thus transferring the Burden from their 
Consciences to those of us who live nearer to them. 

Chapter X. That the Royal Empire of the Catholic Mon- 
arch and of our Holy Mother, the Roman Catholic 
Church, shall be happily extended. 

Chapter XI. That for the Promotion of these New Con- 
quests and New Conversions we hope to secure from his 
Holiness some favorable Indulgences and from his Royal 
Catholic Majesty some Privileges and Immunities, etc. 

Chapter XII. That we shall be able to make correct Maps 
of this unknown North America, and with certain Infor- 
mation emerge from the Errors in which those place us 
who feign a crowned King who is carried in golden 
Chairs, and walled Cities, etc. 

Book IV. Of the many temporal Means, Facilities, and Oppor- 
tunities which Our Lord offers and gives in these new Con- 
versions for securing this great Advantage for both Majes- 
ties ! á ; ; y 4 ; : o 

Chapter 1. That in these very fertile Lands of these new 
Conquests there are already made many Fields of Wheat 
and Maize, and good Gardens and Vineyards, and very 
many more can be made. 

Chapter II. That with the very good Pastures of these new 
Conquests many Ranches are stocked with Cattle and 
Sheep and Goats, and with Horses, etc. 

Chapter III. ‘That the Climate of these new Lands is very 
good and resembles the best in Europe. 

Chapter IV. ‘That there are mineral Lands and mining 
Camps are being established. 

Chapter V. That the Natives are industrious Indians and 
friendly People. 

Chaper VI. ‘That these Natives have for Trade and 
friendly Commerce their many Provisions, cotton Fabrics, 
finely wrought Baskets, or Jicaras, Antelope Skins, Buck- 
skins, Bezoar Stones, etc. 

Chapter VII. That in these Coasts there are good Salt 
Beds, and good Fisheries can be established. 

Chapter VIII. That all the Year the principal Natives 
of these New Conquests come to see me and to ask Holy 


19 


. 265 


20 


CONTENTS 





BIBLIOGRAPHY 
Index . A ’ Ñ g : E E y 4 


Baptism and Missionary Fathers, from fifty, sixty, one 
hundred and more Leagues from the Interior. 

Chapter IX. That besides Coming from the Interior they 
go thirty, fifty, and one hundred Leagues farther outside, 
to see the Father Visitors and Rectors and Alcalde May- 
ors, and to ask of them Missionary Fathers. 

Chapter X. That this same Pima Language which we 
speak here is current more than two hundred Leagues 
farther in the Interior, even among the Natives of differ- 
ent Nations. 

Chapter XI. That these new Nations have no particular 
Sects or Idolatries to be eradicated. 

Chapter XII. That there are many Missions or new Pueb- 
los begun, with good Beginnings in the Teaching of the 
Christian Doctrine and of Prayers, and in the Building 
of Churches and Houses, and of Crops, and of Cattle. 

Chapter XIII. That this Mission of Nuestra Senora de los 
Dolores is actually giving nearly three thousand Pesos in 
Cattle, Provisions, Ornaments with which to say Mass, 
and new Furnishings of a House for the Founding of the 
new Mission of Santa Maria, and will be able to give as 
much more, and others may do the same, for other Foun- 
dations. 

Chapter XIV. That already different Benefactors, mission- 
ary Fathers and Seculars, offer good Gifts of Cattle, Pro- 
visions, and Clothing, for the new Missions which may be 
founded. 

Chapter XV. That the most illustrious Señor: Bishop of 
this Kingdom of New Biscaya offers to aid in Securing the 
necessary Alms for some Laborers in these new Missions. 

Chapter XVI. Epilogue, very suitable, and so much the 
more to our Purpose because unlooked for, in regard to 
the above-mentioned Means, as well as in regard to the 
Subject-matter of all this Report or Relation, for which 
prays our new Father General, Miguel Angel Tamburini, 
in the new holy Letter which has just arrived from Rome, 

at these new Conversions. 
EuseBio Francisco Kino. 


. 277 
. 297 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


A PRESENT-DAY VIEW OF Mission SAN XAVIER 
DEL Bac. : y ; : ‘ ‘ . Frontispiece 
Founded by Father Kino, April 28, 1700. 
FACSIMILE OF THE TITLE PAGE OF PicoLo's INFORME . Ae 
Printed in 1702. Folio, 16 pages. Very rare. A fine copy is 
possessed by the Bancroft Library, University of California. 
Map OF PIMERIA ÁLTA, 1687-1711 , } d : A 
Compiled by Herbert Eugene Bolton from Kino’s Memoir and 
other contemporary sources. 


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PART III 


OF THE CELESTIAL FAVORS OF 
Jesus, Most Holy Mary, and the Most 
Glorious Apostle of the Indies, San 
Francisco Xavier, Experienced in these 
New Conversions or New Philippines 
of this Unknown North America in the 
Years 1703 and 1704. 


BOOK I, OF THE YEAR 1703. INCURSIONS 
OF THE HOSTILE APACHES INTO THE 
PROVINCE OF SONORA AND ITS FRON- 
TIERS AND INTO THIS PIMERIA, 
WHICH DID NOT, HOWEVER, HIN- 
DER THE BUILDING OF ITS TWO 
NEW CHURCHES 


CHAPTER I. OF THE ENEMIES WHO ARE ACCUS- 
TOMED TO COMMIT MANY HOSTILITIES AND 
DO MUCH DAMAGE IN THIS PROVINCE 
AND ITS FRONTIERS, AND EVEN 
WITHIN THIS PIMERIA? 


Every year, especially since the Jocomes, Janos, and 
Sumas revolted, there are regularly many thefts of 
horses, cattle, sheep, and goats, and even murders of 
Christian Indians, Spaniards, soldiers, etc., particularly 
on the frontiers of this province of Sonora, but also on 
the frontiers of this Pimeria. And although for the 
prevention of so many and so grievous injuries there 
have been conceded and provided by his royal Majesty 
two presidios of fifty soldiers each, that of Janos, and 
the flying company and presidio of this province of 
Sonora, the enemies, the above-mentioned Hocomes, 
Janos, and Sumas, as well as the Apaches, etc., have 
been pushing and each year continue to push farther 
inland into the lands of the Christians, and into the 
province of Sonora and this Pimeria, there being no 


1 The Indian hostilities recounted in this book are not treated in detail 
elsewhere. 


26 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


adequate check or resistance to so many robberies and 
murders as every year so grievously have been exper- 
ienced since Captain Coro, of this Pimeria, as is men- 
tioned in Part I, killed somewhat more than three hun- 
dred hostile Jocomes,* most of which tribe are enemies 
still at large. 

On January 4, 1703, when these hostile Apaches had 
pushed in to San Ygnacio, a mission of the Pimeria, 
and carried off a drove of horses, Father Agustin de 
Campos, missionary of that district, wrote me the fol- 
lowing: 7 

I have already written to your Reverence how I feel in re- 
gard to the report, therefore the number of fathers whom your 

Reverence must ask for is seven. And if your Reverence is 

rector (for in regard to that, without my wishing it the father 

provincial, Francisco de Arteaga, wrote me a very nice letter 
separating this rectorate of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores of 

Pimeria, from the rectorate of San Francisco Xavier de So- 

nora,?) it will be easier in every way to bring this about and 

secure it, and I shall never refuse to obey your Reverence in 
whatever you may order me, but in any case, I am always your 

Reverence’s servant, which experience would have shown many 

years ago if the Devil had not thrust in his tail, etc. They 

say that a mare belonging to the mayor domo here, one of the 
horses which the enemy carried off, has come back, and one of 
my horses, a colt, has returned also, etc. San Ygnacio, Janu- 
ary 4, 1703. Your Reverence’s obedient servant, 

AGUSTIN DE CAMPOS. 


CHAPTER IL OF THE ‘EXPEDITION, OF THESE EE 
MAS AGAINST THE HOSTILE APACHES 


Since the presidios were not helping as much as was 
desired in regard to the many invasions and hostilities,* 


2 This might imply that Coro's work was a cause of hostilities. 

3 The words in parenthesis are Kino’s. His appointment is mentioned 
on page 40, post. 

t The removal of Jironza de Cruzate was regretted by the missionaries of 
the Pimería Alta frontier. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 27 


robberies, and murders (for in regard to the matter 
many reports were sent to the Señor governor of the dis- 
trict and to his Excellency) which the hostile Apaches 
committed so frequently and every year, we in the West 
undertook to make an expedition with the Pimas to the 
district through which these hostile Apaches are accus- 
tomed to travel and come, for on many other occasions 
these Pimas have achieved fortunate successes and vic- 
tories. On this point Father Agustin de Campos wrote 
me on January 28 from his mission of San Ygnacio the 
following: 

Negotiate, your Reverence, with the Sovaipuris children 
(they are the Pimas of the North) with regard to their mak- 
ing a campaign, conciliating them a little until the time arrives, 
when I promise to aid with twenty-five beeves, delivered at 
Guevavi, etc. 

The lieutenant of this Pimeria, Captain Juan de 
Casaos, also wrote, on January 28, these words: 

God grant that we may succeed in catching these malevolent 
Apaches and give them a good chastising. To this end I shall 
attempt to secure some men from the West, and you, your Rev- 
erence, must attempt to secure those of the North, so that al- 
together they may accomplish something worth while. 

And although I was very busy with the building of 
the two churches of Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios 
and Santiago de Cocospora, the plan being to finish and 
dedicate them both at the end of this year of 1703, I 
notified Captain Coro and the Pima and Sovaipuris 
braves that they should make an expedition to the coun- 
try through which the hostile Apaches travel and come, 
the result being that through some good victories by 
our Pimas the hostile Apaches were greatly restrained, 
and now molest us somewhat less frequently in this 
Pimeria. 


28 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER III. OF THE HOSTILITIES, ROBBERIES, 
AND MURDERS WHICH THE ENEMIES COMMIT- 
TED THIS YEAR ON THE FRONTIER OF 
THIS PROVINCE OF SONORA 


For many years the frontiers of the province of So- 
nora have been much infested by the enemy, and many 
times, although falsely, these damages which have been 
and are being committed by the Apaches, and at times 
by the Hocomes, have been charged to this Pimeria. 
This has been the sad reason why, by blaming the inno- 
cent, and always striking the shoe instead of the nail, 
the necessary punishment and correction of the culprits 
have been and are neglected, and they are thus left free 
to continue their hostilities. 

On February 25 the neighboring deputy alcalde 
mayor of the Real de Bacanuchi, Captain Cristoval 
Granillo de Zalazar, wrote me the following: 

In regard to the enemy I have learned that they have run off 
horses from Oposura, and the mule drove of Juan Antonio de 
Tarasona, at Tonivavi. They also ran off the horse herd of 
the Morenos, but they went out and recovered them. They 
have made incursions everywhere. I received a letter from the 
Sefior alcalde mayor, who tells me that he has written to the 
Señor governor of El Parral for the fifteen soldiers of this 
presidio who are in Taraumares to come to give him some aid, 
but I judge that things will be the same as ever. God grant 
that the Pimas may have good success in their expedition, for 
little help is to be expected from the captains, because some 
are lazy, and others engaged in litigation, thereby wasting time 
and the salary which they receive from the king. God help 
them and preserve your Reverence for me many years, etc. 

On March 16 the father visitor, Antonio Leal, wrote 
me the following: 

I greatly appreciate the news and thank you for the map for 
the provincial. As to the news of the gathering of the Pimas 
and the death of two enemies, I have always expected from 
their expedition all good fortune and victory. Over here many 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 29 





trails have come in. Near here they killed Manuel de Urqui- 
so; I am just about to bury him. May God keep him in His 
holy glory. They left him stark naked, scalped him, shot him 
four times with arrows, wounded him several times with a 
lance, and killed his horse. They left the tree and bows, but 
carried off the skins and the iron portions of the saddle. God 
protect us and keep your Reverence for me. Sinoquipe, March 
16, etc. 


Thus far the father visitor. At the same time very 
near there, on the road to San Juan, these same enemies 
killed the son of Nicolas de la Crus, and in other places 
they killed others of Arispe. On March 20 Father 
Francisco Xavier de Mora wrote me these words: 
“Over here the incessant attacks and signs of the enemy 
still continue. Commend us to our Lord, your Rev- 
erence.” 


CHAPTER IV. OTHER HOSTILITIES OF THE FORE- 
GOING ENEMIES, DRAWN FROM THE LETTERS 
OF THE CAPTAIN LIEUTENANT AND OF 
THE SENOR ALCALDE MAYOR 


On February 28 of this year, 1703, the lieutenant of 
the Real de Bacanuchi, Captain Cristoval Granillo 
Salazar, wrote me the following: 


I am greatly rejoiced at the friendly Pimas. God grant that 
they may be as successful as we all desire, in order that the 
enemy may be somewhat chastised, for they are very arrogant 
on account of the small effort made by our captains to punish 
them, and are now becoming so bold that there is no hope of 
help unless God, our Lord, provides it through our friends the 
Pimas. On February 22, two Indians of Chinapa having 
come to this valley with some letters, on their return to their 
pueblo the enemy sallied out upon them and killed one of them. 
The next day, when they came for the body, they again saw the 
enemies, who had not yet gone, but who now fled to the sierra. 
Moreover, I have learned for certain that in Nacosari they 
killed two other Indians, and that another came to the real 
wounded. Of all of these and many other things which are 


30 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


happening little notice is taken and no remedy is provided. 
Poor we would like to do something but cannot for lack of 
equipment, etc. ‘The captain of the presidio is lazy and the 
alférez is in prison, and because I reported these things to the 
Sefior alcalde, he replied as follows: 

“SENOR CAPTAIN CRISTOBAL GRANILLO DE SALAZAR, My 
dear Sir: I have just received your letter containing the sad 
news that the enemies had killed the Indian of Chinapa, and I 
am greatly grieved to see the inactivity of the soldiers of the 
presidio of this province, who neither go out on campaigns nor 
exert themselves at anything else, a cause sufficient to have led 
the enemies to hold a powerful gathering, of which Father 
Daniel Janusque * wrote me yesterday. They are assembled in 
the Sierra de Tonivavi in great numbers, well armed and pro- 
vided with shields, and it is presumed that they are planning 
to devastate some pueblo of this district. For this reason I was 
compelled by the urgent necessity to despatch some men as an 
escort, which may find difficulty enough.” 

Also, Father Oracio Pollize wrote me that these enemies had 
mortally wounded two Indians of his district, and a few days 
before had murdered two other Christians between Oputo and 
Nacosari; but I consider it superfluous to make demands upon 
the captain of the presidio, for it all ends in meaningless argu- 
ments and replies, without his doing anything or fulfilling the 
obligations of his office, for if he would go out on a campaign 
the enemies could not hold such powerful gatherings. Be on 
your guard, your Reverence, and see to it that the citizens of 
your jurisdiction be on theirs. May God grant us a remedy, 
for we lack human aid. 


Thus far the Sefior alcalde mayor and the captain of 
the Real de Bacanuchi. 


CHAPTER V. DANGERS OF THE PROVINCE, AND 
UNFORTUNATE DEATHS OF SOME SOLDIERS 


On March 28 the Sefior alcalde mayor, Juan Matheo 
Manxe, wrote me thus: 


I am extremely busy, for I do not stay at home an hour, nor, 
on account of the repeated invasions of the multitude of enemies 


5 See volume i, 131, 139. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 31 





which infest this region, am I permitted to stay, for on the high- 
ways we have experienced misfortunes and many disasters and 
grievous murders at the hand of the enemies. ‘This is the rea- 
son why I have been unable to go to that mission to kiss your 
Reverence’s hand and to enjoy the usual favors which you show 
me, for my twelve horses are so exhausted and crippled from 
ascending and descending the rocky sierras that, in view of the 
dangers to which I expose myself, I fear that I shall perish at 
the hand of the enemies; for the soldiers neither go out on a 
campaign nor do anything else, a reason why the enemies will 
be sure to get possession of the whole province. Now, by dint 
of importations on requisition, I have obtained some soldiers to 
go up to the sierra which is between Oposura and Guasavas. 
Yesterday I came down from it, and today I am going up on the 
other side. Commend us to God, your Reverence, for good 


luck, 

These are words from the letter which the Señor 
alcalde mayor wrote me. The Señor lieutenant, Cris- 
toval Granillo de Salazar, on March 12 wrote me the 
following in regard to the unfortunate deaths of two 
other soldiers: 


I have received your Reverence’s letter and appreciate it 
greatly on account of the success of the friendly Pimas. May 
God grant them the same in future against our enemies, in 
order that there may be some degree of security. In this quar- 
ter everything is misfortune and failure. A squad of soldiers 
having gone to convoy a drove of cattle belonging to the cap- 
tain of this presidio to Janos, on the return march, as they were 
coming from San Miguel de Bavispe, Sierra de Chiguicagui, 
two soldiers turned aside to get a young bull which they had left 
tired out in going; and while they were killing it the enemies 
sallied out upon them and killed them, their companions being 
unable to prevent it, because they were some distance behind 
and occupied with the pack train loaded with saltepetre, etc., 
while the two soldiers in question were without arms, since 
they left them on the horses, and the enemies took them. May 
God provide a remedy for so many misfortunes and bring har- 
mony to this province, so that as Christian vassals of so Cath- 
olic a king we may rally to the defence of the territory of his 


32 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


royal Majesty. I am sending the enclosed letter of the Señor 
alcalde mayor, who probably is still ignorant of these murders, 
that your Reverence may read it. The dead are Cristoval de 
Leon and Domingo, stepsons of Francisco Pacho.2 May God 
keep them in His holy glory, and guard your Reverence for me. 
At the first opportunity I will report to the Señor alcalde 
mayor the good fortune of the friendly Pimas. 

Thus far the Sefior lieutenant of the Real de Baca- 

nuche. 


CHAPTER VI. NEW PRETENDED BUT FALSE RUMORS 
OF UPRISINGS OR REVOLTS OF THE PIMAS OF 
THE WEST, THAT IS, OF CAPTAIN SOBA 


When all this Pimeria was very quiet and pacific, 
thanks be to the Lord, and asking for the fathers whom 
it needed, and those of us well disposed to new conver- 
sions were soliciting them, the common enemy and his 
followers and those little or ill affected to these new 
missions bruited it about that the Pima Indians of El 
Soba of the West and the Tepocas were planning to at- 
tack the Christian pueblos near the Opatas, in revenge 
for the murders which had been committed in Pimeria 
previous to the peace-agreements made on Santa Rosa 
Day eight years before, in 1695. But, as it was so false 
the whole thing only served to hinder and delay the 
eternal blessing of the salvation of these poor creatures, 
because those who for so long have been speaking ill of 
this Pimeria and of the new conversions in it and the 
other neighboring nations farther on have wished to be 
secure and serve their own ends. But the facts of the 
case are very well told by the religious pen of a mission- 
ary father in what he wrote me in the following letter: 


The Indians of Tepoca and Cucurpe, as your Reverence may 
know, have spread the rumor that the Seris of Tepoca and the 


6 Pacheco? 





two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 33 


Pimas of El Soba plan to attack the Spaniards of the nearby 
mines of Nuestra Sefiora de la Soledad, and, later, the pueblos 
of Cucurpe and Toape, because of the murders committed by 
the soldiers eight years ago when those disturbances took place. 
And the scatterers of such a lie do not consider that the Tepoca 
Seris are those who, with the soldiers, committed the murders 
among the Pimas. The lieutenant here has received the letter 
in regard to this matter, and in other places they have received 
other reports of this nonsense; but the lieutenant must already 
have been undeceived and have said to the Spanish miners that 
they are secure from the Cabotcas and the rest of the Pimas, 
but not so of the Tepocas and Egadeves,” for they are made to 
kill friendly Indians, their relatives, and then throw the blame 
on others, while they fulfill their intent, etc. 


Thus far the pen of this lover of truth. 


CHAPTER VII. WHILE WITH ALL HAPPINESS WE 
PIMAS ARE BUILDING CHURCHES, THEY WRONGLY 
AND WITH GREAT HINDRANCE TO THE SERVICE 
OF GOD AND THE KING CHARGE US WITH 
VARIOUS HOSTILITIES, MURDERS, 

AND THEFTS 


In this month of March two letters are written to me 
in which, with the celestial favors which, thank God, 
we are accustomed to experience in these new conver- 
sions, the good conduct of these Pimas is declared. But 
one can not help regretting that by wrongly laying the 
blame for the evils of some, who are hostile, upon 
others, who are not, they hinder, as hitherto they have 
so grievously hindered, the much needed relief for our 
ills, which consists in the real punishment of the true 
enemies, thereby causing excessive expense and salaries 
amounting to more than twenty-two thousand pesos 
from the royal treasury of his Majesty in supporting 
war, as well as delaying the boon of the eternal salva- 
tion of so many souls, peoples, and natives, whom, per- 





7 Eudeves. 


34 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


force, they pretend to regard as malevolent evil doers, 
and robbers, and as barbarous and cruel homicides 
of so many Christians, which is true of some and not of 
the others, leaving them intact and not taking the 
trouble usually necessary to make an expedition against 
the Apaches, since it is easier to come to the neighbor- 
ing pacific Pimeria, where the people are gentle and no 
resistance is encountered, and where there are sufficient 
sheep and fat beeves, good horses, sufficient provisions, 
etc. But who does not see how greatly this defrauds 
God and the king, how great an injustice it is, and how 
greatly it delays the service of both majesties? 

All these months, namely, February, March, April, 
and part of May, during which time the season for the 
planting of maize came on, we were zealously building 
the two new churches of Nuestra Sefiora de los Reme- 
dios and Cocospora. To aid in it there came from all 
parts a great many Pimas, from the west, the northwest, 
and the north, especially the very numerous people of 
San Francisco Xavier del Bac, Captain Coro, their 
governor, and their other officers coming with their 
whole families more than fifty leagues’ journey, while 
others came from even more distant places. 

These Pimas Sobaipuris of San Xavier del Bac, hav- 
ing returned in May to their rancherias, found that 
some Indians from farther inland had eaten some of the 
mares of the drove belonging to the church which they 
had in their charge. They went in at once to punish 
the malefactors, beating many and taking away their 
bows and arrows, besides taking seven children prison- 
ers, which, to compensate for the damage which these 
malevolent Indians had done to our drove of mares, 
they sent to Cocospora and Nuestra Sefiora de los Do- 
lores. They were afterwards catechised and baptized, 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 35 


and the two oldest girls were married, one to the cap- 
tain of Cocospora. We have since been in peace and 
quiet, and I having given an account of this capture and 
all the rest to the Father Visitor Antonio Leal, his Rev- 
erence wrote me on May 29 the following: 

Very good news is that which your Reverence imparts to 
me. I greatly appreciate that in regard to the quietude, fidel- 
ity, and firmness of the children of Bac. God keep them in 
this good disposition; may they see their holy church finished, 
with a father to attend them,? and may they enjoy it many 
years, etc. ; 

In the midst of this quietude and firmness of the 
Pima children, the very false opinions of others, who 
are little favorable, troubled us greatly. This is very 
well put by Father Agustin de Campos in the letter re- 
cently written me on the occasion of the running off of 
horses from the frontiers in this month of May by the 
perpetual enemies, in these words: 

I should like to send men to follow the enemy, but illness 
has destroyed many for me; and, after all, your Reverence’s 
strength is so great that they have not eaten in vain. The 
governor of Himeris today reports the news. He went at once 
to Cocospora, though I do not know with how many of his 
people. It would be better if over there they would spend in 
following the enemy the time which they waste in affirming 
that the Pimas are the evil doers; but with them everything 
ends in talking, as if thereby we could be helped at all. God 
keep your Reverence for me. 

Thus far Father Agustin de Campos, with much ex- 
perience and reason. [Rubric] 


8 This indicates that the church at Bac was not yet finished and that there 
was no resident minister there. 


BOOK II. CELESTIAL FAVOR, CONSISTING 
OF THE ROYAL CEDULA OF THE NEW AND 
VERY CATHOLIC MONARCH AND CATHO- 
LIC KING, PHILIP V, COMING IN THE 
MIDST OF THE OPPOSITION, CON- 
TRADICTIONS, AND ADVERSITIES 
OF THESE NEW CONVERSIONS, 
OR NEW PHILIPPINES 


CHAPTER I. OF THE MANY ADVERSITIES AND DE- 
LAYS OF THESE NEW CONVERSIONS 


Since the adversities and tribulations of this world 
are among the celestial favors which our Lord bestows 
upon us, in the same way and even more properly than 
I have related the prosperity in this chapter, I shall set 
forth some of the many adversities which God inflicted 
upon us or permitted, while in the other chapters of this 
book I shall tell of the wonderful relief with which He 
tempered them for us by His most marvelous and most 
high providence, and in this year of 1703 and the 
months following relieved us of every kind of opposi- 
tion and contradiction, and of great obstacles to these 
new conversions. 

I. An indiscreet and choleric lieutenant, in a report 
of four sheets which he made and presented to the 
Sefior alcalde mayor, brought formal plea against us, 
making grave charges, with a sworn affidavit that what 
he was reporting was the truth. The Sefior alcalde 
mayor came in person with his witnesses, made a care- 
ful investigation, and found everything to be very false 
and untrue, a pure chimera and a piece of malice. He 


_ EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 37 


removed the lieutenant from office and put his head in 
the stocks. 

II. Some of our fathers of these new conversions 
died, others went away or were taken from us, and some 
soldiers came in to take away the equipment, and the 
cattle and horses, both of San Xavier del Bac of the 
Sovaipuris of the north and of La Consepsion de Ca- 
borca. They did it so roughly that it seemed not as if 
they were removing the things, but rather that they 
were sacking and destroying those new missions out- 
right, and in such a fashion that the captain of the 
presidio deplored, reprimanded, and even punished 
these actions, so unseemly, of those soldiers. 

III. Moreover, there were terrifying reports and 
letters to the effect that no more fathers should come 
for these new missions, because those who, apart from 
the foregoing, with their dislike for these conversions, 
had previously made ill and false reports thereof, and, 
for their own selfish purposes rejoiced in rendering 
them impossible, once and for all. 

IV. ‘Those who had the least right to do so took 
away from us our cattle and horses, both near here and 
in the interior, causing us great injuries and delays. 

V. They hindered our good relations and friendly 
intercourse with the natives of the interior, and stoutly 
opposed the coming of strangers, both of this Pima na- 
tion and of the other surrounding new tribes, the Yu- 
mas, Quiquimas, and Cocomaricopas. 

VI. They beat, cruelly treated, and persecuted with 
great severity our poor neophytes and servants, and 
sometimes they took them away from us with such vio- 
lence that, for example, an Indian woman, the wife of a 
governor, went to the woods to die in despair and with- 
out being baptized. Moreover, it cost another outside 


38 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


captain his life, which they took away from him by be- 
traying him with gifts, though he was guilty of no other 
fault or crime than that of having come with some of 
his people to Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, or having 
spoken well of this mission and district, and of having 
contradicted some who, because they were ill-disposed, 
had spoken ill and falsely of it. 

VII. The reports hostile to these new conversions 
went to such an extreme that during these months it was 
written from here to Mexico and from Mexico here 
that time spent in these missions was lost, that nothing 
was being accomplished, and that there was no profit in 
them; nor could we secure a lieutenant to aid us in these 
new conversions, or any legal certifications in our favor. 
We never could secure anything; and when four new 
fathers came from Mexico to Sinaloa, although the 
father visitor wrote me that from them the Pimeria 
should be provided with fathers, on account of the very 
malicious and altogether false reports which went to 
Sinaloa, to the effect that these Pimas had just shot with 
arrows the father of Arispe, Francisco Xavier de Mora,” 
no fathers whatever came, nor did there remain any 
hopes of fathers or of other relief. 


CHAPTER Il. THE NEW ROYAL CÉDULA OF HIS 
MAJESTY, PHILIP V, IN FAVOR OF THESE NEW 
CONVERSIONS, ARRIVES, AND THE NEW REC- 
TORATE OF THESE NEW MISSIONS OF 
THIS PIMERÍA IS BEGUN 


When we found ourselves in the midst of contradic- 
tions and opposition so great that it was a weariness to 
live, [ta vt etiam tederet vivere,” there came to us 





9 This circumstance is recorded by Ortega (Apostólicos Afanes, 310) 
and by Alegre (Historia, vol. iii, 136). 

10 “That it were a weariness to live” (2 Cor., i, 8. Ita ut taederet etiam 
vivere). 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 39 


the new royal cédula of his Majesty Philip V which, 
at the same time that without my deserving it, it names 
me in company with Father Rector Juan Maria Salva- 
tierra, very expressly and forcibly, greatly, and en- 
tirely favors these new conversions, calling upon his 
audiencia of Guadalaxara, according to custom, for a 
detailed report in regard to the district in which the un- 
civilized Indians are found, and to the condition of the 
conversions of Sinaloa, Sonora, and Nueva Biscaya, 
that they may be encouraged and continued with the 
same zeal as hitherto, for the purpose of perfecting a 
work so greatly to the service of God and to the increase 
of our holy Catholic faith. These are all words from 
the royal cédula which the father provincial, Francisco 
de Arteaga, sent me on the twenty-fifth of February 
through Father Visitor Antonio Leal, who wrote me 
the following: 


With the supplies I have received a letter from the father 
provincial. In it his Reverence sent me, with the royal cédula, 
three reports by [Father] Picolo, one of which he instructs me 
to send to you. He sends greetings to your Reverence, and says 
that he is greatly edified and pleased with your glorious work, 
etc. He asks that I send him a map of all the missions of this 
visita, with all the pueblos, and, if possible, with the number of 
people of each pueblo. If your Reverence can make this map I 
shall be greatly obliged,*? etc. 


Thus far the father visitor. At the same time l re- 
ceived the letter and the new disposition of the father 
provincial, Francisco de Arteaga, written as early as 
the twelfth of February of the past year, to the effect 
that these new missions of this Pimeria should be a sep- 
arate rectorate, called the rectorate of Nuestra Sefiora 


11 The reference is to the Cédula of July 17, 1701, printed in the next 
chapter. For the new royal orders of 1703 in favor of California, see Chap- 
man, The Founding of Spanish California, 21. Chapman surmises that they 
came largely as a result of Kino's writings. 

12 Father Kino may have made this map but I have not seen it. 


40 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


de los Dolores, and, without my deserving it, appoint- 
ing me its first rector.” The father visitor, Antonio 
Leal, wrote me these words: “I am greatly rejoiced at 
the title of most worthy rector which your Reverence 
has received from our father provincial, etc.” and the 
father provincial, Francisco de Arteaga, on February 
12 Of the past year, 1702, with his own hand wrote me 
the following: 


It is a long time since 1 have wished your Reverence good 
health, which 1 greatly desire may be long continued, that it 
may be employed so much to the glory of God and the welfare 
of those heathen, of which 1 have no doubt, for with the zeal 
of my very dear fathers, to whom I very cordially commend my- 
self, a large district must have been reduced. In this your 
Reverence has had the principal part, as its first father and 
founder, and the one to whom it owes its present state, regard- 
ing which I hope for a report, that I may give it to our father 
general. Over here one of the fathers of California is ex- 
pected, and when he comes we shall know the condition of that 
mission, and what means there may be to promote it. May 
God prosper it and give to all that spirit which he communi- 
cated to San Francisco Xavier, that the mission of California 
as well as that of the Pimeria, which I consider as glorious as 
that of California, may be increased more and more each day. 


Thus far the father provincial, Francisco de Arteaga. 


CHAPTER III. OF THE REPORT OF THE NEW CHRIS- 
TIAN COMMUNITY OF CALIFORNIA WHICH WAS 
PRINTED IN MEXICO BY FATHER FRANCISCO 
MARIA PICOLO, WITH THE ROYAL CE- 
DULA OF JULY 17, 1701, INSERTED 


Royal cédula which the most pious charity and most 
Christian zeal of our Catholic monarch, Philip V, God 
save him, was pleased to grant in the past year of 1701, 
it being his greatest desire and most diligent care, as a 
beginning for his happy government, to uphold upon 


13 See ante, page 26. 





INFORME 


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EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 43 





his royal shoulders, like a new and most Christian 
Atlas, this new American world, full of countless souls 
who are in the shadow of death. His most Christian 
and magnanimous heart coóperating in this cause, it 
appears that as an exordium of his royal scepter and as 
first fruits of his crown, God our Lord offers him Cali- 
fornia, another new world of souls in his Catholic 
hands, that he may protect it, augment it, and reduce it 
to the holy Catholic church at the expense of his royal 
estate; wherefore his Majesty sent the present royal 
cédula, of the following tenor: 


THE KING 

Very Reverend father in Christ, Archbishop of the metro- 
politan church of Mexico, my viceroy and captain-general of 
the provinces of New Spain ad interim, Don Joseph Sarmiento 
de Valladares. Your predecessor in those charges reported in a 
letter of May 5, 1698, the just motives which he had for 
giving a license to Juan Maria de Salvatierra and Eusevio 
Francisco Kino, religious of the Company of Jesus, to go to the 
‘Californias to attempt the conversion of those heathen; and in 
another of October 20, 1699, he informed me of the benefits 
which had resulted from the expedition of these religious ** into 
that province, and stated that since this undertaking up to that 
time had been maintained and paid for by persons devoted and 
zealous for the greater honor of God, these religious had rep- 
resented to him that these alms might diminish and even fail 
altogether; and that in that case they might be obliged to end 
this glorious exploit through not being able to support them- 
selves and the commanders and soldiers whom they had taken 
for their escort and to garrison a presidio which they had estab- 
lished ; and in order to obviate this danger they prayed that he 
would aid them with a subsidy paid from the royal estate, since 
it was his obligation to do so. 

The viceroy says that although he considers this memorial 
very just, he has decided not to consent to it before reporting it 
to me; and the Council of the Indies having seen these letters 
and the other papers bearing upon the matter, and having con- 


13a Kino did not go to California. 


44 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


sulted me thereupon, I have resolved that by no means shall the 
settlement and mission of the Jesuits lately established in the 
Californias be abandoned or forsaken, but, rather, that they 
shall be extended and promoted by all the means possible; and 
to this end I charge you to give me a very detailed report of the 
state of the fortification and settlement, what number of persons 
compose it, and how many persons can be maintained ; and if it 
is expedient that there be vessels to facilitate communication be- 
tween that province and that kingdom, likewise you will report 
to me the method by which they can be introduced and main- 
tained; and the places where the uncivilized Indians are found, 
and the condition of the conversions of Sinaloa, Sonora, and 
Nueva Biscaya, in order that with these notices and your 
opinion I may take the measures which I may consider expe- 
dient, in order to perfect that work which was begun so many 
years ago and which is so greatly to the service of God and the 
increase of our holy Catholic faith. 

And since it is just and necessary to assist these religious with 
some amount to aid in defraying the expenses of this conversion 
and in maintaining the officers and soldiers who may escort them 
and garrison the presidio which they have established, I have 
resolved, also, that now and at once they be assigned and paid 
six thousand pesos each year from those treasuries. And I 
charge you to give the proper orders that on your part you may 
stimulate and encourage them to continue in the enterprise with 
the same zeal as hitherto, and that you thank in my royal name 
the persons who have aided them with their alms for their zeal 
and for the service which thereby they have done me, and that 
you stimulate them to continue in so great a work, following 
the example of what I have ordered appropriated from my 
royal estate. 

And, keeping in mind the fact that Alonsso Fernandes de la 
Torre, formerly a citizen of the villa of Compostela in the prov- 
ince of Nueva Galicia, left as heirs of his considerable estates 
the religious of the Company of Jesus, with the obligation to 
support two missions in Sinaloa and Sonora, and that in regard 
to this there is a lawsuit pending in the Audiencia of Guada- 
laxara, I charge you also that, in case it be decided in their 
favor, you treat and confer with the provincial and superior of 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.]. 45 


this order in regard to the means of applying the income from 
the estates to the missions of Sonora and Cinaloa which are now 
supported from my royal estate, or to those newly established in 
the Californias, in such a way that if they are applied to those 
of Cinaloa and Sonora and do not cover all the expense thereof, 
the balance shall be supplied from the same sources that sup- 
plied the whole, and that what is left over from what was paid 
from my royal estate for those of Sinaloa and Sonora, be ap- 
plied to those of the Californias, in addition to the six thousand 
pesos which henceforth I assign to them, as has been stated. 
And these religious bearing in mind that this inheritance is 
to be spent for missions in the Californias, there shall be no 
change in what is given from my royal estate for those of Sina- 
loa and Sonora. And you will discuss with them as to the best, 
most expedient, and surest means available for initiating this 
matter of so very great importance; for, with regard to the most 
speedy termination of the lawsuit, I am giving the appropriate 
order to the president and the Audiencia of Guadalaxara. And 
I charge the bishop of that diocese that in case some commuta- 
tions are necessary because Alonso Fernandes de la Torre pro- 
vided that these two missions should be founded in Cinaloa and 
Sonora, though they are more necessary in the Californias, he 
shall attend to the matter as the one whom it immediately con- 
cerns, bearing in mind conciliar decisions which treat of the 
question of commutations; and to apprise you of whatever may 
occur to him in this matter; and the Audiencia and the Presi- 
dent of Guadalaxara I order to do the same, so that you, being 
informed of everything, may apply the means and measures 
which I entrust to you on account of your great zeal and of the 
obligation which rests upon you by virtue of the office which you 
hold; and of this despatch the accountants who reside in my 
Council of the Indies will make a record. Madrid, July 17, | 
1701. I THE KING. 


46 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


CHAPTER IV. SUCCINCT RELATION WHICH FATHER 
FRANCISCO MARIA PICOLO, OF THE COMPANY OF 
JESUS, MADE IN REGARD TO THE NEW CON- 
VERSION AND PRESENTED TO THE ROYAL 
AUDIENCIA OF GUADALAXARA, AT 
THEIR ORDER 


“VERY EMINENT SIR: Obeying with complete sub- 
mission the mandate of your Highness in regard to the 
points upon which you were pleased by auto of Febru- 
ary 7, 1702, * to order me to report, relative to the con- 
dition of the new undertaking in the kingdom of Cali- 


14 This relation was prepared at Guadalajara in response to the royal 
cédula of July 17, 1701. Several versions of it have been printed. Kino's 
copy is from the official print published by Picolo in Mexico. The exact 
title is given in the “Bibliography.” Kino's copy is faithful in the es- 
sentials but he abbreviates the title and departs from the original in 
matters of punctuation and spelling. The report appears in Lettres Édi- 
fantes et Curieuses (Paris, 1702-1776; Lyon, 1819). It is retranslated in- 
to Spanish from that version in Cartas Edificantes (Madrid, 1754), vol. 
iii, 112-129, under the title Memorial sobre el estado de las Misiones 
Nuevamente establecidas en la California por los Padres de la Com- 
pañia de Jesus, presentado á la Audiencia Real de Guadalaxara en el Reyno 
de Mexico á 10 Febrero del año 1702 por el Padre Francisco María Picolo, de 
la Misma Compañia, y uno de los Primeros Fundadores de dicha Mission. 
An abbreviated version of the French translation is given in Recueil de 
Voiages au Nord (Amsterdam, 1715), 278-287, under the wrong date of 
February 10, 1703. A German translation is given in Stócklein, Der neue 
W elt-Bott, vol. iii, 34-40, num. 72. An English version, translated from the 
Lettres Édifantes (notwithstanding the statement which it bears that it is 
“translated from the Spanish”) is in Lockman's Travels of the Jesuits, vol. i, 
395-408. For other versions see Bancroft, North Mexican States, vol. i, 426. 
A contemporary manuscript version of the report entitled Informe de Fran- 
cisco María Picolo, A.S.M. is in the Archivo General de Indias, Audiencia de 
Guadalajara, 67-3-28. Of this 1 have a transcript before me. A careful 
comparison of the various versions shows that there are two somewhat dis- 
tinct, although basically identical reports. The original print and the Ms. 
Informe are much fuller than the other versions cited, and are practically 
identical with each other. 1 shall refer to the Cartas Edificantes version, as 
the Memorial. The Lettres Edifiantes version, on which dependence has 
hitherto been placed, is evidently based on the Informe and in many parts 
is briefer. On the other hand, although it bears the same date, it contains 
occasional additions, which are apparently of a later date. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 47 


fornia, I respond with as much disingenuousness as 
truth, adding nothing to what we have done, to what 
with our own eyes we have seen, or to what we have 
discovered and observed, Father Rector Juan Maria 
de Salvatierra and I, he as author of this prodigious en- 
terprise, and [ as his companion, from the year 1697 to 
that of 1702. Coming to the first point, in regard to 
the state of this conversion: 

“1, Let me say, sir, that at present it is very pros- 
perous, and that so favorable a beginning gives good 
hopes of the reduction of so extensive a kingdom as this 
to our holy faith. Being so glorious an enterprise, it 
has been more of heaven than of earth; and being rather 
one of the most holy Mary than of some poor religious, 
good fortune was certain to attend it, and with so pow- 
erful an arm we were able to be the instrument of 
prodigies; for, trusting in her patronage, we crossed the 
sea*’ which in that region divides these kingdoms from 
California, taking as the guiding star of our voyage that 
star of the sea, the most devoted image of the Lady of 
Loreto, which led us without mishap to the desired port. 
There, she being set up as decently as the country and 
our poverty would permit, we placed the undertaking 
in her hands, in order that, as hers, it might continue on 
her account, and that she, who had been so favorable a 
star of the sea during our voyage, might be in the land 
of the Californias a beneficent sun, which, with the 
light of her intercession, should expel the darkness of 
heathendom which was blinding those who were living 
in the shadows of death. 

“As soon as this brightest of suns shone. in that new 
hemisphere, the Prince of Darkness,'* in order not to 


15 The Memorial inserts the date, October, 1697. 
16“F] Padre de las tinieblas” becomes plain “El Demonio” in the 
Memorial. 


48 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


lose his ancient and peaceful possession of the souls of 
those poor people, brought it about that they should be 
more blinded, through the splendor of so bright a 
day, so that in the night of his ill-omened darkness 
they might worship him through the moon, which they 
adored. And as he blinded their understandings, they 
could not comprehend the words of the light which, with 
resplendent rays, spoke the language of heaven for their 
welfare, while we, upon hearing a language which we 
had not known, could not in ours, which they had not 
heard, make known to them the high purpose, for them 
so advantageous, which had taken us to their lands. 
And although we had gone to their shores solely to seek 
the precious pearls of their souls, to nurture them with 
the heavenly dew of the Divine Word, and to give them 
their luster in Christ, showing them the celestial shell 
Mary, who conceived for their good, with the gentle 
dew of heaven, the perfect pearl of first luster, Christ, 
they thought that we came like others who at other 
times, sometimes not without injury to their people, had 
landed on their shores in search of the many and rich 
pearls which were produced in the countless fisheries of 
their coasts. 

“With this opinion quickened at the instigation of the 
Devil, well-armed and in great numbers they attacked 
our little guard, composed of a few Spaniards who, 
in the protection of most holy Mary, had a well- 
ordered army. The barbarians made such an assault, 
with such fury and so thick a shower of arrows and 
stones that 1f the Lady had not constituted an army to 
resist 1t, those poor soldiers would have perished and 
we with them, and our purpose would have been frus- 
trated. But in the ardor of the sovereign influence, the 
strength of the soldiers was so great that the multitude 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 49 


of barbarians was repulsed and fled in terror from their 
arms. 

“With this glorious triumph their pride was hum- 
bled, for, although barbarians, they recognized that this 
must be the condition upon which they would be free 
from the force of our arms. Some of them came to our 
camp, and through intercourse with them enough was 
learned to enable us to tell them, in their language, the 
purpose of our arrival in their country. They under- 
stood it well, and as a result of the report which they 
gave to others, many came to see us and even to thank 
us for the good which we were bringing them. Then, 
through easy intercourse with them, we devoted all our 
efforts to learning their language, which is the Monqui. 
This difficulty having been overcome, for two whole 
years we preached to them and taught them the doc- 
trine, Father Rector Juan Maria Salvatierra teaching 
the adults and I the children, with such persistence on 
our part and such application on theirs that of the boys 
and girls who were now sufficiently instructed many 
were baptized, in response to the great insistency and 
the tears with which they asked for baptism. ‘The same 
happiness was experienced by some sick and old adults 
who knew it was necessary and were in danger of death 
without baptism, some of whom, it appears, waited no 
longer than for the door of heaven to be opened for 
them that they might enter therein. This happened 
also with more than fifty infants who, from the arms of 
their mothers, delivered their souls to the hands of the 
Lord. 

“In the meantime, while this attention was being 
given to teaching, we did not neglect to explore the sur- 
rounding districts, Father Rector Juan Maria Salva- 
tierra toward the north and I toward the south and 


50 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


west, because, as we already knew the language, and the 
natives were now satisfied of our good intentions, they 
themselves invited us to their lands and rancherias and 
asked for the blessing which their neighbors already 
enjoyed, for which cause they brought us their chil- 
dren. Not neglecting to teach those whom we had at 
home, we set out in search of those who asked for us, 
and by means of these excursions Father Rector Juan 
Maria explored all of the rancherias comprised in the 
missions of Loreto Concho and San Juan de Londo. I 
explored the mission of San Francisco Xavier Biaundo, 
which opened a door for me through which to go to the 
opposite coast;*” and I explored all the rancherias 
which are noted in the proper place. 

“Father Rector Juan Maria having now discovered on 
the north side and I on the south and west a copious 
harvest, we divided into two missions, and soon we no- 
ticed that there was a mingling in them of nations of 
different languages, one, the Monqui, which we already 
knew, and the other the Laimon, which we did not 
know. Immediately we set about with all diligence to 
learn the latter, and because it is the dominating lan- 
guage, and appears to be the general one in this exten- 
sive kingdom, with continued study we learned it 
quickly, and in it we preach continually and teach the 
Christian doctrine to the Laimones, as in the Monqui 
to the Monquis. With this great aid there have been 
prepared more than a thousand children, who, because 
of their good disposition and tender entreaties have re- 
ceived baptism, while more than three thousand adults 
are now ready for it and desire and ask for it. But we, 
by agreement, have put them off for a better time, be- 
cause, as these nations are by nature very fickle and pre- 


17 The Memorial says “hasta el mar del Sud.” 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. SI 


viously have lived much under the authority of their 
priests, whom they feed, and clothe for their super- 
stitious ceremonies with their hair, which they cut for 
this purpose,'* if we baptized them we should run the 
risk that their priests might pervert them and that we 
should be unable to make them fulfill their obligations 
as Christians through our being without the necessary 
force; therefore, in order not to expose our Catholic re- 
ligion to derision we have deferred their baptism to a 
better season. The rule is for these adult catechumens 
to go every Saturday and Sunday to instruction, in 
which they are accompanied by the children already 
baptized, and for the latter to go every Sunday to mass, 
at which they aid very well; and they practice praying 
together in their rancherias. In this happy state at 
present is the conversion of California.” 


CHAPTER V. OF THE FORTIFICATION, SETTLE- 
MENTS, AND MISSIONS FOUNDED, AND OF THE 
SOLDIERS AND VESSELS OF CALIFORNIA 


“2. The condition of the fortification is fair. It is 


situated in the estuary of San Dionicio, on the seacoast, 
at a place called by the natives Concho and now Loreto 
Concho. This fortification consists of an intrenchment 
made in the form of a square and large enough for a 
good plaza de armas and quarters for the soldiers.” 
At a distance of two arquebus shots is the chapel of 
Nuestra Sefiora de Loreto, and next to it the dwelling 
house of the father missionary, with workrooms, a good 
garden, and a well, arranged for a chain pump. The 
chapel, the father missionary’s house, and the quarters 





18 Omitted from the Memorial. 

19 This paragraph is placed near the end of the Memorial (p. 126). 

20 The Memorial (p. 126) adds: “The fortification has four small bas- 
tions, and is surrounded by a good moat.” 


52 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


of the soldiers, are made of good adobe, with tile roofs. 

“3. The state of the settlements as they are at pres- 
ent is as follows: Three” missions have been founded. 
The first is that of Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó, 
the second that of San Francisco Xavier Biaundo, and 
the third that of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, called 
by the natives Yodiviggé. 

“Each one of these missions has under its charge 
various rancherias.” To the mission of Loreto Concho 
belong the people of Concho: to the north, those of Jet- 
ti, distant three leagues, those of Tuesddú,” distant four 
leagues, and those of Ligiggi, distant two leagues; to- 
ward the south there belong to it those of Vonu, distant 
two leagues, those of Nunpoló, four leagues, those of 
Chuyenqui, nine leagues, those of Liggui, twelve 
leagues, those of Tripue, fourteen leagues, and those of 
Loppú, fifteen leagues. To the mission of San Fran- 
cisco Xavier Viaundo belong the rancherias of Biaun- 
do: to the west the people of Cuibucó, now called San- 
ta Rosalia, distant from this principal mission four 
leagues; to the south, those of Quimiauma, now El 
Anxel de la Guarda, distant two leagues; those of Lichu, 
now El Serro de Caballero, distant three leagues; those 
of Picolopri, distant twelve leagues, those of Yenuyo- 
mú, distant five leagues; those of Undua, six leagues; 
those of Enulailo, ten leagues; those of Ontta, fifteen 
leagues; those of Onemaitó, twenty leagues; toward the 
north, those of Nuntis, three leagues; and of Obbe, 
eight leagues. The same mission of San Francisco 


21 The Memorial (p. 116) says four, “the fourth, which is not yet founded 
or entirely established, is that of San Juan de Londo.” See page 54. 

22 The Memorial reads pueblos for rancherías. 

23 The original print gives the Indian names in this passage as follows: 
Conchó, Londó, Biaundó, Monqui, Laymon, Yodivigge, Jetti, Tuyddú, 
Ligiggé, Vonú, Numpolo, Chuyenqui, Ligguí, Loppú, Cuivucó, Quimiauma, 
Picolopri, Yenuyomú, Unduá, Enulayló, Ontta, Onemaitó, Nunteí, Obbe, 
Niumqui, Unubbe, Lódó, Teupnon, Anchú, Tamonquí, Diutró, Tripue, 
Loppt. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 53 


Xavier has a spacious chapel,” with dwelling adjoining 
for the father missionary, and it already has a church 
begun. Everything is of adobe and tiles.” It has gar- 
dens in which are raised very good garden-stuff, such as 
cabbages and lettuce, and fruit trees of the kinds raised 
on this side, which bear quickly. To the mission of 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores belong the rancherias 
of Yodivineggé: those of Niunqui, which are now called 
San José, being many in number and close together; to 
the northward, those of Unubbi. This mission is vis- 
ited and attended by Father Rector Juan Maria Salva- 
tierra. 

“These are the three missions which have been 
founded and endowed. The first two Bachelor Don 
Juan Cavallero y Ocio, priest commissioner of the court 
of the Holy Office of the Inquisition and of the Santa 
Crusada, founded and endowed with twenty thousand 
pesos principal and five hundred of income each year 
for each mission; and besides the founding of these mis- 
sions he has aided us these five years with more than 
twenty-five thousand pesos,” a liberality characteristic 
of this gentleman, who, it would seem, was born to con- 
serve Christian piety in this New Spain. The mission 
of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores was financed and en- 
dowed by the gentlemen of the Illustrious Congrega- 
tion of Dolores de la Virgen, founded in the College of 
San Pedro y San Pablo of the Company of Jesus in 
Mexico, by the zeal of its prefect, Father Joze Vidal,” 
of our Company. Its endowment consists of eight 
thousand pesos principal and four hundred of income a 


24 The Memorial was evidently written later than this document, for it 
says here they had had (Aaviamos) a chapel but, it being very small, “a 
large and capacious church has been begun” (p. 117). 

25 The Memorial (p. 117) says of the new church “the walls will be of 
adobe (ladrillo) and the roof of wood.” 

26 This item is omitted from the Memorial. 

27 This item is omitted from the Memorial. 


54 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


year. Besides these three missions already founded 
there is another begun, called by the natives Londo, 
now San Juan. To this belong Teupnon, or San Bruno, 
distant three leagues to the eastward; to the northward, 
the people of Hancha, three leagues distant; to the 
westward, those of Tamonqui, four leagues, and Diu- 
tro, six leagues; and other distant rancherias,” which 
go to San Juan on the arrival of Father Rector Juan 
Maria Salvatierra, whose apostolic zeal extends to 
many places. 

“4. In company with Father Rector Juan Maria 
Salvatierra I left Father Juan de Ugarte, of our Com- 
pany, who about a year before had come to those king- 
doms, after having aided much in the office of procura- 
tor, which he had filled in Mexico.” In this short time 
he had employed himself with such zeal to aiding us 
that by himself he had explored to the southward the 
rancherias of Tripué and Loppú, fifteen leagues” dis- 
tant from Loreto. Of these rancherias he has baptized 
twenty-three infants, given him by their parents for this 
purpose. He already preaches and teaches the doc- 
trine in the two languages above-mentioned. I left 
also with Father Rector Juan Maria Salvatierra eight- 
een soldiers, with their officers. Of the latter two are 
married and have wives and children. 1 left eight 
other persons, Chinese and Negro servants; and in the 
two launches, called San Xaxier and El Rosario, twelve 
sailors. Besides those whom I left there, there are 
twelve other sailors whom I took with me in the ship 
San Joseph. ‘There were other soldiers, but we have 


28 This item is omitted from the Memorial. 

29 Omitted from the Memorial. 

30 The Memorial (p. 118) adds that Ugarte himself made a gift to the 
mission a year before. 

31 Distance omitted from the Memorial. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 55 


discharged them, because of not having wherewith to 
pay them, nor even to support them.” *” 


CHAPTER VI. NATURE, CLIMATE, FERTILITY, AND 
FRUITS OF THE COUNTRY; SALINES, PEARLS, AND 
MINERALS; RANCHERÍAS, ARMS, AND DISPOSI- 
TION OF THE NATIVES; ANIMALS, BIRDS, 
AND FISH OF CALIFORNIA 


‘‘s. It seems that under the influence of the new star 
Mary, who has appeared in her holy image of Loreto, 
the quality of the country has changed and is better 
than it was before, for during the five years we have all 
had good health, and only two persons have died. One 
of these was a Spanish woman who died from a dis- 
order caused by bathing when she was pregnant and 
very near delivery. On the shores in summertime the 
heat is humid and it rains but little; but inland the 
temperature is benign and mild. It is hot in season, 
but not excessively so, and the same is true of the win- 
ter. During the rainy season there is plentiful rain- 
fall; and in all parts outside of the rainy season the dew 
is so heavy at times that in the mornings it looks like rain. 
With so continuous and abundant watering, the pleas- 
ant fields are all the year clad with excellent pasturage, 
which in the dry season is between green and dry. For 
the most part it consists of stretches of tall grama-grass; 
besides, in these fields there are all the herbs which con- 
stitute the pasturage of cattle, sheep, and goats of these 
kingdoms. There are very large and spacious plains, 
beautiful meadows, very pleasant valleys, many springs, 
creeks, and rivers, with banks well grown with willows 
amid thick tangles of reed-grass and wild grapevines. 

“A land so fertile must bear fruits. Those which are 


32 These items about servants, launches, sailors, and soldiers are all 
omitted from the Memorial. 


56 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


indigenous to the country are abundant, for the hills are 
full of mescales all the year, and for a great part of the 
year they are laden with large and various pitajayas 
and red tunas. ‘There is an abundance of trees, which 
the Chinese, from the knowledge which they have of 
those in their country,” call palo santo (holy wood). 
These produce for food a little fruit in abundance and 
exude a very pleasant incense. There are also many red 
beans which the natives gather and of which they pro- 
vide large stores to eat. They have for food more than 
fourteen kinds of seeds, as for example, hempseed, 
canary seed, etc. Roots serve them for the same pur- 
pose. Thereisa great abundance of yucca, which is their 
daily bread. There are very good and sweet camotes; 
and there is scarcely a root or plant or tree from 
which they do not secure food. In order that sugar, 
which with so great artifice and toil is made over here, 
may not be lacking to the Californians, heaven provides 
them with it in abundance in the months of April, May, 
and June, in the dew which at that time falls upon the 
broad leaves, where it hardens and coagulates.** They 
gather large quantities of it, and I have seen and eaten 
it. It is as sweet as sugar to the taste, and differs only 
in the refraction, which makes it dark. There is also 
an abundance of wild grapevines near the rivers, as has 
been said, and in the rivers there are fish and shrimp, 
which they catch; and it may be that they have them in 
the great lagoons which are there, but I have not no- 
ticed them, although I have seen three very large 
lagoons. They have also a great abundance of j1ca- 
mas,** which are better flavored than ours. 


83 This passage seems plainly to imply that by Chinos are meant Chinese, 
but the Memorial (p. 120) says “which the Chinos (as they call the natives 
of the country) call Palo Santo.” 

34 Omitted from the Memorial. 

84a Bumelia solscifolia. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 57 


“From all these products which the land yields of 
itself, its great fertility is seen, and it is better seen by 
the products of this country after it has received and 
returned them with extraordinary harvest. There have 
been planted maize, chick-peas, lentils, and beans, and 
all have produced well in proportion to the small 
amount which in every case has been planted, because 
of not having implements to cultivate the soil, nor the 
assistance of men nor of anyone who understands it, nor 
more time than the little which is left over from the 
work of cultivation of the souls of these poor people. 
I, for the relief of our poverty, as well as for the sake 
of experiment, have planted a little maize, without be- 
ing able to prepare the soil except with a bad plough, 
and it has yielded well, producing more than in these 
kingdoms; and the same was true of beans, of which a 
large quantity was gathered; and in imitation some 
Californians planted a little maize, without any culti- 
vation, and harvested it. Some of the wheat which had 
been sown as an experiment has been cooked and hosts 
made of it. I planted pumpkins, melons, and water- 
melons, and the land is so fertile that they yielded with 
extraordinary abundance, some of the same plants bear- 
ing fruit three times in a year. All this promises a 
great plenty of products when there shall be people to 
cultivate the land and to avail themselves of its fertility 
and of the abundance of water, where, with very little 
effort, there can be very good harvests of the many 
products which the land bears. In point of plants it 
may already rejoice in the reputation of being fertile 
and abundant, as well as being rich in other products. 

“There are very many large salines of very white 
salt, whose brilliance resembles that of crystal, and 
which is so hard that sometimes the aid of the bar is 
necessary. A sample has already been seen in this 


58 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


country, and this is like all the rest. In all the coast, 
and especially in the adjacent islands, there are so many 
pearl fisheries that they can be counted by the thou- 
sands. This abundance of pearls has made California 
famous in the world, and has made it for almost two 
centuries the target of human desires, and for this treas- 
ure so many have undertaken its exploration and so many 
have visited its shores and continue to visit them with 
no other object than that of pearls. From the salt en- 
tire ships might be laden for these kingdoms; from the 
pearls his Majesty, God save him, might, if he chose, 
increase his royal estate, with a person satisfactory and 
zealous only for the royal possessions. ‘The interior 
country promises many minerals, being in the same lati- 
tude with the rich minerals of Sinaloa and Sonora. 

“6. All this fertility and wealth God placed in Cali- 
fornia only to be unappreciated by the natives, because 
they are of a race who live satisfied with merely eating. 
From what we have seen and heard of them, these Cali- 
fornians are numerous on the shores, farther inland, and 
much more numerous to the northward. ‘They live in 
rancherias of twenty, thirty, forty, or fifty families, 
more or less. ‘They do not use houses. The shade of 
the trees serves them to resist the scorching heat of the 
sun, and the branches and leaves to protect them at 
night from the inclemency of the weather. In the 
rigor of winter they live in caves which they make in 
the earth; and in all these shelters they dwell many to- 
gether, like brutes. So far as we have seen, the men go 
naked. In general they wear nothing but a band, well 
woven, and, in default of this, a curious little net with 
which they encircle the front, and some well wrought 
figures in mother-of-pearl which they hang round the 
neck, which they sometimes decorate with some little 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 59 


round fruits, like beads. ‘hey put the same ornament on 
their hands. ‘They always carry in their hands their 
weapons, which are the bow, arrow, and dart, some- 
times for the chase, and sometimes to defend themselves 
_ from their enemies, for some of the rancherias are hos- 
tile to others. The women are more modestly clothed, 
being covered from the waist to the knees with little 
stems of reed-grass carefully woven and pressed to- 
gether. Behind, in the same way, they wear deer skins, 
or threads well woven. Their head-dress is a little net 
which they obtain from grasses, or of fiber which they 
obtain from the agaves. These little nets are so nicely 
made that the soldiers tie up their hair with them. 
Their necklaces, which hang almost to the waist, are 
figures of mother-of-pearl, and little berries, stems of 
reed grass, and small snails, intermingled. ‘The brace- 
lets are of the same material. 

‘The occupation of the men as well as of the women 
is the spinning of thread and fiber, fine and coarse. Of 
the fine they weave very close-wrought bands and the 
nicely-made little nets. Of the coarse they weave nets 
of which they make bags or reticules in which to gath- 
er their provisions, and nets for fishing. Of grasses the 
men make very close-woven baskets, or hampers, of 
different sizes. Ihe small ones serve as jars from which 
to drink water, as plates for eating, and as hats for 
women. The large serve for gathering small fruits and 
other provisions, and in which to roast their small 
fruits, by dint of keeping them in continual motion so 
as not to burn them. 

“By nature they are very lively and alert, qualities 
which they show, among other ways, by ridiculing any 
barbarism in their language, as they did with us when 
we were preaching to them. When they have been do- 


60 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


mesticated they come after preaching to correct any 
slip in the use of theirlanguage. Ifone preaches to them 
any mysteries contrary to their ancient errors, the ser- 
mon ended, they come to the father, call him to account 
for what he has said to them, and argue and discuss 
with him in favor of their error with considerable 
plausibility; but through reason they submit with all 
docility.*° By these evidences of intelligence they show 
that they ought not to be counted among the brutes of 
that kingdom. Of these there are many and various, 
many of which serve for the palate and for sustenance, 
and others only to beautify the fields and woods with 
their variety. 

‘7. For there are so many deer, roe, hares, and rab- 
bits, that, although they kill many or all of them, they 
are nevertheless to be seen in droves. ‘There are two 
species of wild animals that are not known in these 
kingdoms which, because of some resemblance, they 
call sheep. One of the species is an animal as large as 
a lamb a year and a half old. Its head is like a deer’s; 
the horns, which are extraordinarily thick, are like a 
sheep’s; the hoof is large, round, and cloven, like that 
of an ox; the hair is like that of a deer, but shorter, and 
somewhat spotted; the tail is very short; the flesh is 
very good, and I have eaten it with a relish. The other 
species is an animal nowise different from our sheep ex- 
cept that it is larger. Of this species some are white 
and some dark. They are very woolly, and their wool 
I have had prepared for spinning.” Of both species 


35 At this point the Memorial (p. 125) adds: “No hemos hallado entre 
ellos forma alguna de govierno, ni apenas culto reglado de Religion. Adoran 
la Luna y se cortan los cabellos, no sé si en la menguante, en honra de su 
divinidad, y se los dan á sus Sacerdotes, y estas se sirven de ellos para varias 
supersticiones. Cada familia se hace las leyes que quiere, y pienso que es la 
razon, y motivo de las querellas, que muchas veces se levantan, hasta venir a 
los manos entre las familias.” 

36 This animal was evidently the mountain sheep or big-horn. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 61 


there are droves. All these animals serve for food. 
Those which serve for adornment are lions, wildcats, 
and the others which are known over here. 

“Of flying creatures there is an abundance. There are 
all the birds of these kingdoms, such as mocking birds, 
larks, scissor tails, cardinals, etc. Besides these the coun- 
try abounds in linnets smaller than those of Spain, but 
nowise different from them in their song and coloring. 
These are among the birds which serve for delight, 
with sweetness to the ear. There is a multitude of part- 
ridges which serve as a relish to the taste, besides pigeons 
and turtle-doves. In the rivers there are geese, ducks, 
and other fowls which seek their food in the water. 

““To these animals native to the country we have 
added many of ours, for there are already more than a 
thousand head of sheep and goats, which by now would 
be very numerous, because of the extensive pastures of 
that country, if we had not laid hands on them because 
of the great need which we have suffered. This kind of 
stock grows very well and is very fat all the year round. 
There are also a few cattle, which, for the same reason, 
have not increased very much. The country is very 
well adapted to these cattle, and to horses also. Of the 
latter there are a few, including young mares for breed- 
ing purposes. There were many swine, but we con- 
sumed them because the women were afraid of them 
and suffered some injuries from them in their ran- 
cherias. There are doves and Castilian birds, for all of 
which the country is good. 

“Besides this, the Californians near the sea enjoy 
very good fish, in which that sea is very prolific. 
There are many tunnies, which are accustomed to come 
to hand on the shores; and many pargo, pampano, sar- 
dines, anchovies, and many other kinds. This sea 
abounds greatly in whales, which are seen on every 


62 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





hand. ‘There are tortoises of all kinds, and on the 
shores there are heaps of various shells larger than those 
formed by the pearl oyster which they take from the 
pearl fisheries.” 


CHAPTER VII. IT IS ASKED THAT IN CALIFORNIA 
THERE BE TWO VESSELS, AND MORE MISSION- 
ARY FATHERS, A PRESIDIO OF SOLDIERS, 
AND FAMILIES OF SETTLERS, ETC. 


“8. An account of California and its condition has 
now been given. In order that everything may be at- 
tained and promoted to the greater glory of God and 
the service of our Catholic monarch, God save him, two 
vessels are necessary, one a larger one which can come 
to the coasts of these kingdoms for cattle and supplies, 
and another, medium-sized, which may go to coasts of 
Sinaloa and Sonora, very near to California, for the aid 
which may be brought immediately from the missions 
of the Company, and also to explore the coast to the 
northward, for which purpose it will be well that the 
medium-sized vessel be a brigantine or a galliot. For 
these vessels there is no need of captains, pilots, or other 
officers, who would occasion great expense to his Maj- 
esty; those who are there now and such others as may 
go there are sufficient, for there are many experienced 
persons without these offices who with great skill and 
ease run this short course. In this way we have main- 
tained ourselves all this time without having lacked 
anything, saving thereby the high salaries which, in- 
deed, are superfluous. 

“T have complied, sir, with your Highness's mandate, 
arranging my report according to the well-considered 
points which your Highness was pleased to suggest to 
me, in order that I might give an account of the state of 
California, whence I have just come, and where I was 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 63 


the lesser instrument in what our Lord has been pleased 
to accomplish through the intercession of the most holy 
Virgin and by the great zeal of Father Rector Juan 
Maria Salvatierra, head of this glorious enterprise. 
And now, as it appears that your Highness’s purpose 
has been to inform the pious and zealous Catholic king, 
Don Philip V, God save him, according to the signs 
which his sovereign protection gives of extending the 
empire of Christ with a great number of converts in 
this kingdom, that they may adorn the crown of his 
Catholic mercy, it will not be out of keeping with the 
mandates of your Highness to represent to you, as a very 
loving vassal of so Catholic a monarch, what will help 
to bring it about that, the empire of Christ being 
extended by his sovereign influence over the converts, 
the glory of his crown may increase with the increase of 
his vassals. 

“1. For so glorious an end and so abundant a har- 
vest as that which at present invites one’s fervent zeal, it 
will be well that there should be more missionaries, in 
order that they may penetrate to the interior and found 
new missions, because with so few as we have been it 
will not be easy either to keep up what has already been 
established or to found other new missions.” 

“2. Also, a presidio of Spaniards, such as one of 
those which are in the Kingdom of Nueva Viscaya, is 
very necessary, because, since the Californians are very 
numerous, and since there is no one there to rely upon, 
and as recourse from there to this kingdom is not easy, 
this restraint will be expedient, in order that they may 


37 The recommendations at the end of the Memorial (pp. 127-128) are: 
(1) a reward for the first soldiers who went to California; (2) that “noble” 
families be secured for settlers; (3) that missionaries and military chiefs live 
in harmony; (4) that the missionaries be relieved of charge of the soldiers; 
(5) that an intendant or commissary be appointed. 


64 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


always be quiet and that the conversion may be pro- 
moted. It will also be well, for this purpose, to pro- 
vide that the presidio be placed in a convenient post 
whence, as from a center, the garrison may go out to all 
parts where aid may be necessary. 

“3. It will be no less important for the purpose that 
the father rector, on consultation, should choose of- 
ficers, or remove them, whenever it conduces to the 
service of God and of his Majesty, as hitherto Father 
Juan Maria and I have done, in virtue of the despatch 
of his Excellency, the viceroy of Spain, the Conde de 
Moctesuma, Don Jose Sarmiento Valladares. To this 
provision has been due such success as there has been, 
and the fact that inconveniences which might have been 
a hindrance have been avoided. 

“4. And since the great progress which California 
shows today is due to the valor of the first soldier con- 
querors, it will be well that his Majesty be pleased to 
give them some reward, in order that, in imitation of 
their works, those who may come in future may be en- 
couraged to gain this reward. 

“c. It will be a wise provision to have that kingdom 
settled by some families of artisans, in order that so apt 
a nation may later exercise the crafts for the benefit of 
those kingdoms. 

“6. In order that the principal obligations of the 
conversion may be attended to, that temporal cares may 
not be an embarrassment, and that everything may be 
close at hand, it will be expedient that the royal appro- 
priation for California be placed in the royal chest of 
Guadalaxara, nearer to that kingdom. 

“7. And because the passing of payments through 
the hands of the fathers is a hindrance to their ministry, 
it will be well that his Majesty should appoint a trust- 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 65 


worthy and meritorious person, with the title of ade- 
lantado or proveedor general, to attend to aiding the 
fathers and soldiers and to look after the settlements 
which may be made, working with zeal only for the 
conversion of this kingdom, so that what has cost so 
much may not be lost through ambition. 

“This, sir, is the humble representation which I make 
to your Highness in order that in it your Highness may 
see, with your mature and prudent judgment, what is 
most expedient to report to the Catholic zeal of his 
Majesty, and although, obliged by so superior a man- 
date, I have reported the state of the Californias and, 
on the other hand, what will be conducive to their most 
glorious progress, I was constrained to place myself at 
the feet of your Highness to accomplish the purpose 
and aim of my coming from those kingdoms to these, in 
order that with the great piety which shines and is ven- 
erated in your Highness, you might remove the great 
obstacles and relieve the lack of necessities which the 
father rector, Juan Maria de Salvatierra, has experi- 
enced in these years; for, because he was so devoid of 
means to advance the discovery, and was debtor for 
great amounts which by their toil and pains these poor 
conquerors have earned, and not having the means to 
pay what he already owed them and obligations which 
must in future be incurred, he had determined to dis- 
miss them all, and that we should remain alone in that 
kingdom, which is as full of dangers as of heathen. But 
this determination being announced, the soldiers re- 
sisted it with all piety, and gladly remained to accom- 
pany the fathers. 

“For this reason, and as a recompense of so Christian 
a resolution, it was arranged that I should come to seek 
the aid and have the good fortune of venerating the 


66 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


great authority and piety of your Highness, to whom I 
looked as a guiding star for the success of my coming. 
When [I arrived in this kingdom, seeking comfort from 
pious hearts, I found it in the news of what the Catholic 
breast of our great king had given us in the grant of six 
thousand pesos a year," whereby my mind was relieved 
and great hopes were raised of holding these kingdoms 
through the aid of your Highness. This may serve for 
the complete relief of those of us who in these years 
would have perished if it had not been for the mission- 
ary fathers of Sonora, Sinaloa, and Los Taraumares, 
who, as is their wont, with charitable zeal and solici- 
tude for the welfare of the souls of the heathen, have 
succored us whenever we have come to their coasts, and 
for the great charity of these kingdoms in the many 
alms which so many persons, zealous for the good of 
these poor people, have bestowed upon us. And all this 
and the much that we hope for through the influence of 
your Highness we recognize as coming from heaven 
through the intercession of most holy Mary, in whose 
hands, since the beginning, we have placed the under- 
taking, in order that to this great Lady the glory may 
be due. May the same Lady obtain from God great 
and prudent decisions in the most righteous government 
of your Highness, that by means of your lofty judg- 
ment and sovereign influence our Catholic monarchy 
may be extended, and that he may guard the Catholic 
and royal person of your Highness the many years that 
Christendom requires. Guadalaxara, February 10, 1702. 

“FRANCISCO MARIA PICOLO, of the Company of Jesus.” 


“My due thankfulness wished to show itself appreci- 
ative in this report by making note of the benefactors 
who have aided in this new conversion and conquest of 


378 See ante, page 44. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 67 


the Californias, in the first place, to give some sign of 
the gratitude of these new missions, and in the sec- 
ond, because they so requested of me from Madrid, in 
order that his Majesty might know the names of the 
benefactors, whom, even before knowing them individ- 
ually, he ordered me to thank in his royal name for the 
pious liberality with which they had comported them- 
selves in an enterprise so much for the service of God 
and of the king our Lord, in the reduction of innumer- 
able souls that shall be added to the church, as I hope, 
under the protection of the great conqueror, Mary most 
holy, and as the extension of this new kingdom of Cali- 
fornia promises. But the benefactors, in their pious 
modesty, having asked me to publish neither their 
names nor the alms which they have given for this 
cause of Jesus Christ, I find myself obliged to mortify 
my desires, and I do it with all submission, that the 
names of the benefactors, so great and noble, may re- 
main printed and graven by the hand of the great lady, 
Mary most holy, in the Book of Life.” * 


CHAPTER VIII. THE ABOVE ROYAL CEDULA AND 
THE REPORT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FUR- 
NISH A MOTIVE FOR MAKING A REPORT IN THIS 
TREATISE UPON THE STATE OF THESE NEW 
CONVERSIONS OF THIS NUEVA VISCAYA, 

FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS 


I. Some time ago various distinguished persons said 
that these two spiritual conquests and new conversions 
of California and the two Christian communities of 
Pimeria and Nueva Viscaya must be sisters. 

II. The royal cédula greatly favors both of them, 
with the same very Catholic and most Christian affec- 
tion. May his divine Majesty reward him with the 





88 This paragraph is omitted from the Memorial. 


68 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





most fortunate and most glorious successes in this Amer- 
ican orb, in the European, and in the blessed eternity 
of the heavens. 

III. Our father general, Tyrsso Gonsales, in a let- 
ter from Rome dated December 24, 1701, in answer to 
some letters and reports which, at the express request 
of his Reverence, I had sent him by the father pro- 
curators, Bernardo Rolandegui and Nicolas de Vera,” 
writes me the following: 

Of great comfort to me has been your Reverence’s letter of 
January 25, 1700, accompanied by the relation or treatise on 
the celestial favors experienced in the new conversions, and it 
has been a very pleasant occupation to me to give thanks to God 
that he should make use of his ministers for his greater glory 
and the advancement of our true religion. To reward your 
Reverence for your zeal and most glorious travails, God hath 
prepared eternal rest in His glory. ‘Therefore, I shall not at- 
tempt to reward you, but shall only express my utmost gratitude 
to your Reverence, exhorting you with paternal affection to con- 
tinue in an undertaking so great and so characteristic of our 
profession, etc. 

P.S. As soon as Father Rolandegui delivered me the rela- 
tion which your Reverence sent, I read it all, without omitting 
a word. And I affectionately charge your Reverence that as 
soon as possible you write the second part, as you promise, giv- 
ing me in great detail an account of the new missions which are 
being opened and of the progress being made by those that are 
already opened. 

Thus far our father general. 

IV. The father provincial, Francisco de Arteaga, 
in the letter which he sent me from this new rectorate 
of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores with the report on 
California, which with so great courtesy he was pleased 
to send me, likewise appears to ask me the same, that 
is, a Similar report on these new conversions of this 
Pimeria. 


39 Part I of this work was sent by these men. See volume i, 275. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 69 


V. Very expressly it is requested of me by some 
persons favorable to new missions, and especially by my 
neighbor, Father Agustin de Campos, who for ten years 
has gloriously toiled in the neighboring mission of San 
Ignacio; for when I sent his Reverence the report on 
these new conversions and California, in a letter he 
wrote me that it was expedient that a report be made of 
these new conversions also, since they are in a country 
nearer and richer, etc. And when I suggested that his 
Reverence make this report, he in another letter an- 
swered me as follows: 

I have not made nor am I making a report. It is your Rev- 
erence's duty.*% If it were mine I should make two; one to the 
father provincial, to the effect that his Majesty has three mis- 
sions paid for, “Tubutama, La Consepsion del Caborca, and San 
Francisco Xavier del Bac, but that they have been many years 
without a minister, as a result of which very many souls are lost 
beyond recall; that he should send ministers with the under- 
standing that they come to work, etc. The other report should 
be for the Sefior viceroy. It should be succinct and simple, 
commencing with your Reverence’s mission as the oldest, etc., 
and going as far as the last stations of the Sovaipuris. And, 
your Reverence, say as much as you wish, for they are most suit- 
able for founding missions; and finally, petition, petition again, 
clamor, clamor again, to the Sefior viceroy, that he report with 
a paper printed in his name, for I judge this to be expedient and 
necessary. And do not fear any opposition from me in the mat- 
ter, your Reverence, for you will not have it; on the contrary, 
you will have hearty endorsement of your petition. May God 
keep your Reverence. 


Thus far Father Agustin de Campos. 


40 This statement indicates the primacy accorded Kino in his district. 


70 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER IX.** DIFFERENT ONES OF US MAKE 
DIVERS REPORTS THROUGH VARIOUS CHANNELS. 
NEVERTHELESS, THE PURPOSE IS NOT ATTAINED, 
BECAUSE THE TIME IS NOT YET RIPE AND BE- 
CAUSE OF FALSE REPORTS OF THOSE LITTLE 
INCLINED OR HOSTILE TO THE COMING OF 
THE FATHERS 


Upon the receipt of these favorable opinions of so 
many persons, not only 1, but also various other indi- 
viduals, made various reports and maps of these new 
lands, in order that fathers might come to these harvests 
of souls, so plentiful and so ripe. I sent a report and a 
map * through the father visitor. In regard to the map 
his Reverence writes me the following letter: 


May our Lord recompense your Reverence for your work 
and care with the map, for which I heartily thank you. It is 
very fine, since it shows the old and the new missions of this 
visita and of California, and it comes in good time to be sent 
to the father provincial. If your Reverence writes to him you 
will please say to him that 1 have given your Reverence his 
message, greeting you and thanking you for your holy zeal and 
work, etc. I beg you Reverence to do me the favor of thank- 
ing those Pima children for the greetings which they send me, 
returning them in my name with great affection, telling them 
that 1 will repay them by offering three masses to the most holy 
Trinity and one to our Lady, for their spiritual good. 


Thus the father provincial wrote me, and at almost 
the same time Captain Antonio Bezerra, who was going 
to Mexico to secure the captaincy of the presidio of 
Janos, wrote me as follows: 

I have received the packets and messages for the fathers of 

Mexico, and shall try to deliver them into their own hands; 


and I shall consult concerning the fathers whom this Pimeria 
needs, in order that in everything the service of God may be 


40 From here to the end of the book the chapters were wrongly num- 
bered, viii being here repeated. The numbering has been corrected by the 
editor. 

411 have never seen this report nor mention of it other than this. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 71 


done, and that your Reverence may obtain such apostolic desires. 
And in order that I may bring it about and have good fortune 
on my journey, I pray your Reverence to commend me to God 
in your holy sacrifices. 


General Juan Fernandes de la Fuente, who surren- 
dered and resigned the presidio of Janos to Captain 
Antonio Bezerra, wrote me in these words: 


I greatly rejoice in your Reverence’s good health and in all 
your happy progress, your discovery that this is terra firma with 
California, and your having the Pima children so advanced 
toward receiving holy baptism. May his divine Majesty will 
that we may see fulfilled the Christian and zealous desires of 
your Reverence, to whom I wish to express my appreciation of 
the greetings which you were pleased to give me on behalf of all 
the Pima governors and children. I commend myself to them 
with all my heart, and beseech your Reverence to give them for 
me my loving greetings, and to say that I rejoice in their good 
friendship and in their desire to receive fathers, and that in that 
connection I shall do everything in my power that it may be 
brought about, as well as to aid the new churches of that new 
Christian community. And I rejoice that his Majesty gives 
attention with his most Christian Catholic zeal to a matter 
of so great consequence and service to the two Majesties. “The 
letters which your Reverence entrusts to me shall go to Mex- 
ico with my compadre *? Antonio Bezerra, who will deliver 
them into the very hands of their owners, and everything shall 
be done as your Reverence designs. 


Thus far General Juan Fernandes de la Fuente. 


CHAPTER X. SOME REASONS WHY THE COMING OF 
THE DESIRED AND NECESSARY FATHERS FOR 
THESE NEW CONVERSIONS IS NOT YET 
BROUGHT ABOUT 


Notwithstanding the fact that by so many means and 
through so many reports and letters efforts were made 
that these new missions might secure the necessary 
fathers, as there were also opposing reports of those ill- 

tla If A is father and B godfather of a child, A and B are compadres. 


72 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


disposed, at this time the purpose was not yet accom- 
plished, and there were various opinions and consulta- 
tions in regard to the hindrances to the coming of these 
fathers. 

I. Some said that they were hindered, indeed, by 
all these, the envy, the emulation, and the chimeras 
which the common enemy raised up and thrust in so as 
not to lose dominion over so many souls which for so 
many years he had held and still holds in slavery. 

II. Others said that it was the obstinacy of those 
who for so many years have written ill of this Pimeria, 
for in order not to be discredited they tried to maintain 
their point that this Pimeria did not deserve or need 
these fathers. 

III. Others said that it was feared that these new 
missions would become burdensome to the old missions, 
and that we should neglect the missions which we have 
on our hands and in our care. 

IV. Others said that it would be difficult to aid and 
attend to California. 

V. More truly others said that the appointed time 
had not yet come, nor the appointed fathers whom His 
divine Majesty had prepared for an undertaking so 
much His own, and that the things which were to be 
celestial favors were not to be human dispositions, and 
that that could not be accomplished by men or by 
human, earthly forces which was reserved for the great 
glory of the wonderful power and judgment of the 
Most High, quoniam tu solus santus, tu solus altisi- 
mus, who, by celestial favor, knoweth how to bring 
forth from contradiction and opposition the celestial 
favors of his blessed promotion of the greatest glory. 
And if one asks of Him (I say it from the gospel) 


42“Since Thou alone art holy, Thou alone most high.” (From the 
“Gloria” of the Mass). 





two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 73 


whether He or His father and mother by their sins 
caused the unhappy blindness, they will hear it from 
Him that neither He nor His father nor His mother 
caused that grievous blindness by their sins, but that all 
was in order that He might the more receive the great 
and wonderful mercy and the greater glory of God; 
Sed vt mantfestetur gloria Dei* in His celestial fa- 
vors. And, thank God, the principal thing is under 
way, and there are good and solid hopes of the conver- 
sion of all this unknown North America, in view of the 
good state of the more than thirty thousand souls re- 
duced, and the fact that every year so many natives 
come here most amicably, even from very far away, to 
see us, to ask us for holy baptism, and to aid us in the 
building of new churches, as, for example, on the twen- 
tieth of March many Yumas, Quiquimas, and others 
came, travelling more than one hundred and seventy 
leagues. 


CHAPTER XI. DIFFERENT PERSONS WHO IN THESE 
MONTHS WRITE IN FAVOR OF THESE NEW CON- 
VERSIONS, WITH A REPORT FOR HIS ROYAL 
MAJESTY, GOD SAVE HIM 


At this juncture, when the coming of the fathers was 
suspended for us, and when with great zeal and heavy 
expenditures, all of which were joyfully given, thank 
God, in the Pimeria, we were working at the building 
of the two new churches of Nuestra Sefiora de los 
[Remedios] and Santiago de Cocospora, four different 
persons, three of priestly tonsure, wrote me in these 
months the following letters, with a report for his royal 
Majesty, Philip V, God save him. 

One person, very experienced and very zealous for 
the service of both majesties and for the welfare of 





43 “But to manifest the glory of God.” Compare John, ix, 1-3. 


74 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


souls, writes me as follows: ‘Let no one fear that there 
will be lack of men. Let us bring in Frenchmen“ in 
great numbers for the new undertaking, to the end that 
the land may belong to God, who has peopled it with 
so many souls, etc.” And for his Majesty he sent me a 
report which, reduced to a brief summary, is as follows: 

SACRED ROYAL Majesty: ‘The undertaking of these new 
spiritual and temporal conquests, without excessive expense to 
the royal estate, needs the royal protection of your Majesty. 
The Hydras frighten those who are not Hercules, like your 
Majesty, with the plus ultra of two worlds. To weak shoul- 
ders it will appear a chimerical idea to sustain two heavens; 
but your Majesty, Atlas of the Church Militant, shall find the 
weight to be most worthy of your royal shoulders. ‘The part of 
the mainland of North America north of thirty degrees of north 
latitude asks the royal protection and overlordship of your royal 
Majesty, for, being your Majesty's, it will be the merciful 
God's. 

The enterprise involves the reduction of the very extensive 
unknown North America, the peace of all the interior, the pro- 
tection of the Californias, and the establishment of a resting 
place in the west for the sick on the voyage from Manila; and 
to the eastward the trade and commerce with New France, with 
well-founded hopes of innumerable treasures, for it lies in the 
latitude of Sonora and Pimeria, provinces where there are veins 
of silver. Your royal Majesty, Atlas of the two heavens, has 
the American India at your royal feet, asking the royal protec- 
tion of your royal Majesty. And you will greatly please God 
by deigning to command that there be established, not a pre- 
sidio, but a villa, on the large volumed, very populous, and very 
fertile Colorado River, which, in a short time, with the mines 
and the fertile lands, and the commerce with China, will be fit 
to be the capital villa of a viceroyalty. 

Your royal Majesty bears only one charge in Sonora; and in 
the Pimeria there are many horses and cattle to forward the 
undertaking. Moreover, the river, like others near by, is 


44 At this time the relations of the French and Spanish courts were very 
close, otherwise this would sound strange. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 75 


peopled with industrious and friendly Indians. Already the 
Pimeria, new conquest of the Company of Jesus, as a result of 
the apostolic toils of the apostolic hero, Eusevio Francisco Kino, 
is seen to be the road to the new villa; and the said Pimeria, 
promoted by zealous workers, will be the storehouse and nursery 
of the new settlement, until all kinds of cattle, etc., shall be 
raised. ‘The great intellect of your royal Majesty will be able 
to comprehend the other profitable things, both spiritual and 
temporal, which may be secured from such an undertaking. 
This I suggest to the Catholic piety of your royal and very 
‘Catholic Majesty. May the divine one prosper you as the 
Atlas of his Church. Today, January 21, 1703, in the prov- 
ince of Sonora. Your serene royal Majesty’s humble chaplain 
and most insignificant vassal. Nuits 


Thus far the person very experienced, capable, re- 
ligious, and zealous for the service of both Majesties. 


CHAPTER XII. OTHER LETTERS FROM VARIOUS PER- 
SONS WHO IN THESE TIMES OF CONTROVERSY, 
OPPOSITION, AND DELAYS OF THESE NEW 
CONVERSIONS, SPEAK MUCH GOOD OF THEM 


The actual father provost of the Casa Profesa* of 
Mexico, who had been provincial of all the province of 
New Spain, on the fifteenth of April of this year 1703, 
wrote me the following: 

I have greatly rejoiced over the discovery of the passage to 

California. The father provincial, Ambrocio Oddon, as soon 

as he entered sent eight fathers; I do not know whether some 

will fall to your Reverence or not.* I should rejoice to be one 

of them and to be at the service of your Reverence, employing 

the few remaining days of my life in ministering to those poor 

dear creatures, in order to be able in some degree to satisfy the 
divine Majesty. May He keep your Reverence for me, etc. 

On the twenty-first of August the lieutenant of this 

45 The identity of the author of this letter is uncertain. N. C. may pos- 
sibly be a misreading for A. C.- Augustin Campos. 


46 The Casa Profesa still stands in the heart of Mexico City. 
47 Four were destined to Pimeria Alta. See Alegre, Historia, vol. iii, 136. 


76 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





presidio, Captain Don Gregorio Tuñon y Quiros,* on 
his return from Cinaloa, wrote me the following words: 

Do not be greatly concerned, your Reverence, at the report 
that the Pimas have murdered Father Xavier de Mora, for 
clearly manifest is the truth of the contrary; and as to the great 
chimera, when 1 was in Cinaloa, and at the Real de los Frailes, 
when occasions offered themselves I opened the eyes of different 
persons to the truth regarding the peaceful state of the Pimeria; 
therefore, better times are coming. 

Thus far Captain Don Gregorio. Brother Juan de 
Estaineser, who a short time before had come from 
Mexico to the missions, on August 24 writes me from 
Cinaloa as follows: 

I was very sorry when I learned that the fathers had not ar- 
rived there, whom I suppose your Reverence, so anxious to 
minister to so many souls as are found about you, was awaiting. 

O that I were able to send several good men, who would put 

this work, so very precious in the eyes of God, before all con- 

venience, and even before their own health, etc. 

Thus far Brother Juan. From his holy convent of 
La Merzed, Redemption of Captives,* in Teocaltiche, 
the very reverend father prefect, Fray Francisco Lopes 
de Soto Mayor, because of the news of these new con- 
versions of this Pimeria taken to his Reverence by Fray 
Francisco Belmar, who the past year and also fifteen 
years before, when I entered to begin these new con- 
versions, had come zealously with me, and was present 
at many of the first baptisms, on September 22 of this 
year 1703, wrote me the following very religious and 


holy letter: 
At the same time with the news given into our hands by 


48 His name is given in Bancroft as Gregorio Alvarez Tufion. He suc- 
ceeded Fuensaldafia as commander of the Compania Volante of Sonora, and 
is said to have been objectionable to the missionaries, but this passage does 
not indicate it (see Bancroft, North Mexican States, vol. i, 503). 

49 Redension de Cautivos. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 77 


Fray Francisco Ruis de Belmar, who in 1686 %% entered with 
your Reverence to the first baptisms of Nuestra Sefiora de los 
Dolores, your Reverence’s most pleasing and amiable letter was 
read in the presence of the Sefior alcalde mayor of this pueblo 
and of the Sefior curate, and they were astonished at the expedi- 
tions which your Reverence has made into so many parts, 
through so many heathen communities and nations, and at your 
having added to our holy faith so many souls and to our friend- 
ship more than twenty-five thousand, mostly industrious In- 
dians. For this we give thanks to our Lord. ‘The other day I 
said the Missa Cantada in thanksgiving, praying his divine 
Majesty to give your Reverence aid and strength for a work of 
so great service to God our Lord. We have attributed it all to 
your Reverence’s steps in imitation of the Apostle of the Indies, 
San Francisco Xavier. My principal vow is that, God willing, 
sometime during the month of next September I must go to 
Mexico to speak with the father visitor, who, they say, is com- 
ing in the supply ships which are at the Island of Martinique. 
His name is Father Manuel Pineiro; *' he is of the province of 
Aragon, etc. 


Thus far the reverend fray prefect. 


CHAPTER XIII. LETTERS WITH SOME NEWS OF THE 
NEW CONVERSIONS OF GREAT CHINA, WHICH 
HAVE COME TO MY HANDS DURING 
THESE MONTHS 


I have always had an especially strong leaning to- 
ward the conversions of Great China, and at the sugges- 
tion of the superiors I applied myself to the mathe- 
matical sciences, which are very general there, and in 


50 1687. 

51 Father Francisco Arteaga was succeeded temporarily by Father Am- 
brosio Oddon, awaiting the arrival of Manuel Pineiro. Originally from the 
province of Aragén, where he presided over the colleges of Mayorca, Bar- 
celona, and Zaragoza, and was procurator to Rome and provincial, Pineiro 
was sent to be provincial of Toledo. A few months later he was appointed 
visitor and vice provincial of New Spain, where he died in less than a year. 
He was succeeded by Father Juan Maria Salvatierra, of California (Alegre, 
Historia, vol. iii, 140. See post, page 108). 


78 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


the beginning I asked to go to the missions there, be- 
cause in that great vineyard of the Lord had lived and 
worked my kinsman, Father Martin Martini, who 
wrote those celebrated volumes and geographical maps 
of the great empire and monarchy of Great China.” 

In these months, when we were building the two new 
churches of this Pimeria, the father rector, Adamo 
Gilg, sent me the following letter from Father Pedro 
Van Hamme,” missionary of Great China, who at first 
however, a few years ago, was a missionary of Tarau- 
mares and of this Nueva Viscaya, of this New Spain 
or North America. He writes then to Father Guiliel- 
mo y Cinzer, missionary of Chinipas, on December 17, 
1700, as follows: 


I beg your Reverence to greet in my name all the fathers 
whom I know, and to communicate my letter to as many as pos- 
sible. I am here in this province of Haquam.** ‘The emperor 
of China has continued, according to his custom, to show re- 
spect to our fathers. Last year he came to Nanquin with a 
great following, and some fathers of the Company and all the 
missionaries who went to see him there and in other places he 
admitted to his presence, giving them all some silver. At the 
same time there went to the court five French fathers, one 
brother coadjutor, and a secular painter, all Frenchmen lately 
arrived there separately; and more lawsuits are feared because 
of a suspension ab administracione Sacramentorum.™® 
A few days ago I returned to my house from a mission which 
52 One of Father Martini’s geographical works was: Martini (Martinus), 
Novus Altas Sinensis (Beyfugung vom Catayo [by J. Golins]. Historia von 
dem Tartarischen Krieg, etc. [with colored maps], (Amsterdam, 1655. J. 
Blaeci). Another was: Description Geographique de la Chine, traduite d’un 
autheur Chinois par la Pere Martini (1663), fol. Concerning Father Martin 
Martini see Stócklein, Der neue Welt-Bott, vol. i, p. iii, 114. He returned 
from Europe to China in 1658, after having come as procurator of the 
Chinese Missions. 

53 For a letter by Father Van Hame, Peking, August 28, 1721, see Stóck- 
lein, Der neue Welt-Bott, Theil viii, 20, num. 197. 

54 Hong Kong. 

55 “From the administration of the Sacraments.” 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 79 


I had established as far as seventy leagues from this my resi- 
dence. In it I spent fifty-four days, sometimes hearing confes- 
sions till after midnight. “Through lack of missionary fathers 
in China, some of the missions are more than eighty and one 
hundred leagues from this residence. There are only two Ger- 
man fathers. One is named Father Kiliano Stimpt; ** he is in 
Peki.*? A glass kiln has been made, and he makes glass for the 
emperor. The other is named Father Gaspar Castner; °® he is 
in the province of Canton. Of his Reverence the father visitor 
writes me the following: “Father Castner was three months 
alone in the island on which died San Francisco Xavier, build- 
ing a fine sepulcher to San Xavier, costing about one hundred 
and fifty Roman crowns, or about one hundred and seventy Pat- 
acon crowns, or patacones. He travelled all over the island and 
baptized many persons with singular successes, which merit a 
long account. Thus the new mission of San Francisco Xavier 
is already very well advanced and extended. ‘The inhabitants 
‘of the island are barbarians, and formerly they were nearly all 
robbers, but now they have acquired a great veneration for the 
saint and for Father Castner himself, whom they carried 
through all their villages, with a great celebration and banquets 
and presents. Let thanks be given to God.” This the father 
rector wrote in the last letter of this year, and in the Castilian 
language, for he is Milanese. I have no doubt the devotees of 
San Xavier will rejoice at this news. 


Thus far Father Van Hame, from the metropolis of 
the province of Haquan” in Great China. 


56 Father Kilian Stumpf, visitor in China and a prominent mathematician. 
He died on July 24, 1720. See Stócklein, Der neue Welt-Bott, Theil viii, 18, 
21, 

57 Peking. 

58 For information regarding Father Caspar Castner, see Stócklein, Der 
neue Welt-Bott, Theil iv, 9. 

59 Hong Kong. 


80 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER XIV. OF THE LAST MONTHS OF THE 
YEAR 1703, AND OF THE BUILDING OF THE TWO 
NEW CHURCHES, THEIR EXPENSE, COST, 

AND VALUE 


In the preceding chapter Father Van Hame and the 
father visitor note that in the island of Canton there 
was built for San Xavier a fine sepulcher costing one 
hundred and fifty patacones or pesos. Now, of the two 
new churches which were built this year and during 
some months of last year, each has a transept and two 
capacious chapels. Each has a chapel of the most 
glorious apostle of the Indies, San Francisco Xavier, 
and each chapel would have cost more than five hun- 
dred pesos, or patacos; and the two churches would 
have cost about ten thousand pesos were it not for the 
fact that, thank the Lord and his celestial favors, 
through the fertility of the land of these new conver- 
sions, without the districts being pledged to a hundred 
pesos, the expenditures were reduced to five hundred 
beeves for consumption during the construction of 
these two buildings, five hundred fanegas of maize, and 
about three thousand pesos in clothing, which is the 
money used and current among the natives of these 
new conversions. These goods are acquired in the 
many places where there are traders, all over the prov- 
ince of Sonora, not to mention the many mining camps 
old and new, which there are in all these missions, old 
and new, in exchange for provisions, flour, maize, meat, 
lard, tallow, candles, etc., which the districts produce, 
as well as for the silver which some, or most, give for 
the said provisions. The timbers for the frames and 
flooring, which are very good and almost all of pine 
called royal, were cut and brought from the neigh- 
boring hills, at a distance of seven or eight leagues. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 81 


CHAPTER XV. OF THE DEDICATION OF THE TWO 
NEW CHURCHES OF THIS PIMERIA © 


Ten years ago the first church of this Pimeria, which 
was that of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, was finished, 
and at the end of this year 1703, when my accustomed 
expeditions were hindered, we managed to dedicate the 
other two which we built, Nuestra Sefiora de los Re- 
medios and Nuestra Sefiora del Pilar y Santiago de 
Cocospora; and although extraordinary occupations, 
contradiction, opposition, and a very needless suit” 
which was brought or attempted against us caused us 
to delay the two dedications of the new churches till 
after Christmas, the plans and the invitation to the dedi- 
cations were for the day of San Xavier, December 3, 
the time of the dedication of the other. We according- 
ly invited various persons. ‘The father visitor, Antonio 
Leal, in two letters dated November 19 and 20, wrote 
me the following: 

Your Reverence's celebration shall be whenever you please. I 

greatly rejoice at the many people which you have, and I charge 

and beseech you to return to those poor children my greetings, 
etc. 
In the next letter, of the twenty-second, his Reverence 
writes to me thus: 

Your Reverence has chosen a very suitable day for the dedica- 

tion of your churches. Your labor has been very great, and our 

Lord will repay you for it. Over here there is nothing new, 

except that it is said that the supply ships arrived last month; 

therefore the new government must have come. Nevertheless, 

I wrote yesterday to the father provincial, telling him of the 

state of the Pimeria, in order that his Reverence may dispose 

what I do not wish to finish, as I have scruples in case the 


60 Ortega gives a few lines to these dedications (Apostélicos Afanes, 


312-313). 
61 Discussed at some length by Ortega, 313. 


82 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


fathers procurators from Rome have come.*? Perhaps he will 
send fathers from Europe. 


Thus far the letters of the father visitor. Many oth- 
er fathers and secular persons and the Sefior alcalde, 
Juan Matheo Manje, and his predecessor, the Sefior 
General Don Ycidro Ruis de Abechuco, and others, 
wrote almost the same as that which Captain Manuel 
de Almeida says in the following letter, giving thanks 
to our Lord that with new people in so short a time 
two such good churches should have been built. 


I have received your Reverence’s most amiable letter with 
greatest pleasure and most repeated thanks, and with prayers to 
God that you may live very many years in good health, and that 
he may give you life to build twenty temples, and that your 
Reverence may enjoy many years, etc. 


CHAPTER XVI. OTHER PERSONS WHO DESIRE TO 
COME TO THESE DEDICATIONS, AND REGRETS 
THAT SOME FATHERS DO NOT COME TO 
THIS PIMERIA 


General Juan Fernandes de la Fuente on November 
10 wrote from the presidio of Janos the following: 


I wish to assure your Reverence that I rejoice that our 
reverend father provincial is heeding my supplication and that 
of Captain Bezerra, and that his Reverence is sending some 
reverend fathers for the missions of this extensive Pimeria, 
whose reduction to our holy faith has cost so much labor, vigi- 
lance, and solicitude, the fact being that all this has borne fruit 
and has procured the propagation of the gospel, although there 
is no lack of opponents to an undertaking of so great impor- 
tance to the service of the two Majesties. I regret that the 
laborers who have arrived in this province have been assigned 
to other missions and have not gone to that Pimeria, where they 
were so greatly needed. May it be the divine Majesty’s 

62 He means that he does not wish to undertake any new business so near 


the end of his term. 
63 See ante, page 38. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 83 


will that in all and through all your Reverence may witness 

the accomplishment of your desires and the success of your 

great labor, for I, as one so much interested and a friend of your 

Reverence, desire more than anyone else to see those extensive 

nations full of laborers, as the poor creatures desire, coming 

from places so far away to ask for holy baptism. And I re- 
joice that our ancient Pimeria is so quiet and obedient to the 
ministers of his Majesty, ecclesiastical as well as secular, which 

is as much as I desire. And I thank them, as is due. There- 

fore, on my behalf, your Reverence, I beseech you once and 

again to give my loving greetings to the children and to those 
who lovingly give them to me, and to say that I rejoice that 
they maintain themselves in all peace. Also, I have received 
great pleasure in the news which your Reverence was pleased to 
give me of the good condition of your Reverence’s church of 

Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios, which, I have no doubt, since 

it has been the work of your Reverence’s hand, must be one 

of the best of the province; also that of Cocospera. And if 

they have not been opened before I return from Cinaloa, I ac- 
cept forthwith the invitation which your Reverence is pleased 
to extend to me, for, since 1 have a hand in that of Nuestra 

Sefiora de los Remedios, I wish to have the pleasure of being 

at the dedications, and to serve your Reverence in so far as I 

can, and with the will and obligation which I owe, etc. 

Thus far General Juan Fernandes de la Fuente. 
And Captain Antonio Becerra on November 30 writes 
as follows: 

I am now very much pleased that your Reverence’s first 
toils are being rewarded, and I give you hearty congratulations 
on the particular work which at the cost of your vigilance has 
been accomplished in the two churches. I shall be very glad 
if my cares and duties give me leisure to serve your Reverence 
in some way, etc. 

Many others wrote other affectionate letters regard- 
ing the dedications, as well as regarding the coming of 
the father laborers. 


84 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER XVII. OF THE COMING OF FATHER GE- 
RONIMO MINUTILI TO THIS PIMERIA 


When all the good people and those favorable to new 
conversions were greatly regretting that father laborers 
did not come and enter into these new conversions 
whose harvests of souls are so extensive and so ripe, and 
when man born of woman had no reason to think that a 
new and unlooked for and unhoped for father laborer 
should come hither to the interior, Father Geronimo 
Minutili came to this Pimeria, this month of Decem- 
ber, of his own accord, or to speak more truly, by 
disposition and control of the celestial favors of our 
Father, of which I am writing. He came from the con- 
versions of the Californias, because itseemed to his Rev- 
erence that they were not expanding as much as his 
fervent spirit desired, while it seemed to him that over 
here in this Pimeria and in the other surrounding new 
nations there was a more extensive field, with more souls 
reduced and to be reduced,” in all directions, north, 
west, northeast, and northwest, to where one may pass 
by land to California itself, in the latitude of thirty-two 
degrees. 

The father landed then, in Cinaloa, and came thence 
to Sonora to talk over things with the father visitor, An- 
tonio Leal. His intention, according to the messages 
which his Reverence sent by my steward to me while on 
the way, was to come at once to this Pimeria from So- 
nora. We exchanged letters, and he went on to cele- 
brate Christmas with Father Adamo Gilg, among the 
Mountain Seris of Santa Maria del Populo. After- 
wards he came into Pimeria and to Nuestra Senora de 
los Dolores, and I went to meet him at the pueblo of 


64 It is also stated that he came for his health. Minutili's coming is men- 
tioned by Ortega in Apostólicos Afanes. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 85 


Opodepe. Throughout the journey from Cinaloa to 
Sonora, and even to Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, his 
Reverence encountered great opposition and many ob- 
stacles. But his Reverence, since he was sent and came 
more by divine than human disposition, was always very 
constant, not fearing any of the thousand difficulties and 
obstacles, which by so many routes and so repeatedly, 
and by plots so persistent, were placed in his way for 
almost an entire year. 


BOOK III. FIRST MONTHS OF THE YEAR 
1704; DEDICATIONS OF TWO NEW CHURCH- 
ES; EXPEDITION OR PEREGRINATION 
TO LOS GUAIMAS, ONE HUNDRED 
LEAGUES TO THE SOUTH 


CHAPTER I. OF THE MONTH OF JANUARY, 1704, IN 
WHICH OCCURRED THE SOLEMN DEDICATION 
OF TWO NEW AND CAPACIOUS CHURCHES 


The churches of Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios and 
Nuestra Sefiora del Pilar y Santiago de Cocospera, as 
all who have seen them say, are among the best in all 
the provinces of Sonora, Sinaloa, Hiaqui, and Chini- 
pas. They both have transepts, formed by two good 
chapels, with their arches. One of the two chapels of 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios is dedicated to our 
father San Ygnacio and the other to the glorious Apos- 
tle of the Indies, San Francisco Xavier; and of the two 
chapels of Cocospora one is dedicated to Nuestra Se- 
fiora de Loreto, and the other to San Francisco Xavier. 
Each church has on the arches of the two chapels which 
form the transept a high cupola, and each cupola has in 
the middle and above a sightly lantern. 

On January 15 and 16 the church of Nuestra Señora 
de los Remedios was solemnly dedicated; and on the 
seventeenth we went on to the dedication of the church 
of Cocospera, which we held on the eighteenth, nine- 
teenth, and twentieth of January. The two dedications 
were performed by Father Rector Adamo Gilg and 
other fathers, with all the ceremonies and benedictions 
which our Holy Mother Church commands, according 


EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 87 


to the holy Roman ritual. His Reverence chanted the 
two principal solemn masses, aided by the good choir 
of singers of the first church of Nuestra Sefiora de los 
Remedios; and the father rector, Adamo Gilg, preach- 
ed very well in the Pima language, in the dedication 
of each of the churches. Both dedications were cele- 
brated with the especial pleasure of all those who took 
part in them. 


CHAPTER IL OF THE NATIVES AND OUTSIDERS 
WHO TOOK PART IN THESE DEDICATIONS 


I having invited some fathers and other Spaniards, ° 
and some natives from the interior, although the weath- 
er was somewhat inclement and cold, and although 
there were some cases of illness which prevented the 
coming of some of the fathers, yet many natives from 
the interior, from the north, the west, and especially 
the northwest, were present at the two dedications, 
greatly to our pleasure. Many of them came more 
than one hundred leagues, as did the captain of the 
Yumas, with many of his people, and with some gifts 
of shells from the head of the Sea of California, and 
with very good messages from the very friendly people, 
and from the nations of the Quiquimas, Cutganes, and 
Coanopas, etc., nations on the land route to California. 
They sent their blue shells from the opposite coast and 
from the Sea of the South, where every year the China 
ship, or Manila galleon, is accustomed to come, and 
summoned me and other fathers to go to see them and to 
treat of their baptism and of their reduction of our holy 
Catholic faith. 

And the blue shells from the opposite coast were a 
new argument for the passage by land to California, 
which was at thirty-two degrees of latitude, in spite of 
the contradiction of obstinate persons little inclined to 


88 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





these new conversions. For it was contended that these 
natives were unable to cross a great arm of the sea which 
the opponents placed there instead of the land, over 
which they bring us the shells which are produced only 
on the opposite coast of California. There, clearly, we 
have the land route to California. So sure were we of 
the singular celestial favors which we experienced in 
the two dedications of these two new churches, that with 
great satisfaction to ourselves and to all the amiable 
guests the three following admirable sacred texts were 
confirmed: Dicite in gentibus quia Dominus regnavit 
etenim correxitt orbem terre” (Psalm xcv), for many 
with great error delineated California as an island, 
though incorrectly, and drew a Sea of California where 
there is none, for it comes up no higher than to thirty- 
two and a half degrees. (II) Terra aparuit arida et 
in Mari Rubro. Many call the Sea of California the 
Red Sea. Via sine inpedimento,” as chants our holy 
mother Church on the eighth of August and the day of 
the saints who have for their gospel (111) Euntes in 
mundum unibersum. Predicate Evangelium omni 
creature, etc. 


CHAPTER III. ENTRY OF FATHER GERONIMO MIN- 
UTILI TO HIS NEW MISSION AND DISTRICT OF 
SAN PEDRO Y SAN PABLO DEL TUBUTAMA 


As soon as the father rector, Adamo Gilg, Father 
Geronimo and Brother Juan Estaineser, and I, with 
many of the outsiders from parts so remote, had held 
the two dedications of the new churches, we took up the 

85 “Say ye among the Gentiles that the Lord hath reigned, for he hath 
corrected the world” (Psalm xcv, 10). 

66 “Dry land appeared even in the Red Sea” (Wisdom, xix, 7). 

67 “A way without hindrance” (Wisdom, xix, 7). 


68 “Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel unto every creature” 
(Mark, xvi, 15). 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 89 


matter of placing Father Geronimo in his new mission 
of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama. He went for 
this purpose to San Ygnacio and IJ came with the father 
rector to Nuestra Señora de los Dolores. The com- 
mon enemy tried as always to place new obstacles in the 
way of this entry of Father Geronimo to his new dis- 
trict of El Tubutama, which is twenty-five leagues dis- 
tant from Nuestra Señora de los Dolores toward the 
west. In the preceding weeks I had ordered the house 
repaired and a good field of wheat sown and a good 
garden leveled off and planted with various small trees 
of Castile, grape vines, peaches, pomegranates, fig trees, 
pear trees, and all kinds of garden produce. 

Father Geronimo was very well received and was a 
great consolation to the many natives whom he found at 
El Tubutama, and his Reverence also was greatly pleas- 
ed at seeing the people so affable, domestic, and do- 
cile, with their officers, servants, vestments with which 
to say mass, household furniture, sheep, and goats. The 
cattle and horses were still at San Ygnacio. We made 
plans for a good and spacious church and a house. I[ 
promised to build the church at my expense, and, leav- 
ing Father Geronimo in his new district I came by a 
different route, by way of El Saric, Busanic and Siboda, 
to Nuestra de los Dolores. And when [ reported this 
our expedition to El Tubutama to Father Visitor An- 
tonio Leal, his Reverence answered me with the follow- 
ing letter of February 13: 


I thank you heartily, and God will recompense your Rev- 
erence for the work of going to El Tubutama with Father 
Geronimo, as well as for the news that the father is pleased 
with the neophytes and they with him, for great comfort your 
Reverence has given me thereby, and also by the charity which 
you show the father in the aid and in the expense of building 
the church, as you promised him. All this is sowing in good 


90 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol 


soil to reap a good harvest. The paymaster is trustworthy 
and powerful. 


Thus far the father visitor. 


CHAPTER IV. EXPEDITION PLANNED AGAINST THE 
ENEMY BUT WHICH, ON ACCOUNT OF THE 
DISCORD BETWEEN THE CAPTAINS, 

WAS NOT MADE 


At this time, in the month of February, there were 
many enemies, and thefts of horses in various parts of 
the frontiers, and also in this Pimeria, at San Ygnacio, 
Cocospora, and Santa Maria Magdalena, where such 
enemies had never before entered. Reports were made 
from various places to the presidio, and from its lieu- 
tenant, Captain Don Gregorio Albares Tuñon y Quiros, 
the following letter, dated February 25, came to me: 


I am informed that there have been signs that the enemy 
have entered, but they have not carried off horses. Neverthe- 
less, last month I was reconnoitering toward the north and 
toward the south, where I took away from them some horses 
which they were running off from Nacosari; and considering 
that what has been done is not sufficient and that help is need- 
ed, I have written to the alcalde mayor of San Juan to send 
me citizens for the eleventh of March when I shall set out 
with thirty soldiers to seek their rancheria. And now has come 
the time to accept the promise which your Reverence and your 
neophytes have given me to aid in the punishment of these 
enemies. Therefore I beg your Reverence to say in my name 
to the governors and war captains that I salute them, that I 
expect for the tenth of said month forty chosen Pimas, that I 
assure them that, God willing, we shall punish the enemy, 
etc.; that for the defense of each one of them I will risk my 
life; and that they must not fail me. 


Thus far Captain Don Gregorio. I advised the chil- 
dren, and the governors of Los Remedios and Cocospora 
went at once, with all punctuality, to the presidio: but 
as the twenty citizens who had been asked of the Sefior 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 91 


alcalde mayor did not come, the expedition was not 
made, and our Pimas returned hither. And even worse 
were the many pleas and reports that all the year went 
even to the governor of Parral and to the viceroy. And 
for one reason or another the enemy committed the hos- 
tilities and damages which we shall see hereinafter, 
while I arranged for my journey to the Guaimas and 
their heathen neighbors. 


CHAPTER V. LETTER OF THE FATHER RECTOR, 
JUAN MARIA SALVATIERRA, IN REGARD TO A PE- 
RUVIAN SHIP WHICH ARRIVES IN CALIFOR- 
NIA, AND TO OTHER WRECKED VESSELS 


At this time I received the following letter from 
Father Rector Juan Maria Salvatierra, dated January 
20, 1704. 

Heaven bless me, it has been months now since I have seen 

a letter from your Reverence, and since your Reverence has seen 

any from me. But several months ago I received a number from 

your Reverence, all together. But as they arrived late, I could 
not do anything in the matter of your desired expedition. In 
regard to it there is no recourse except to commend it to Our 

Lady, leader of our expedition made about three years ago con- 

cerning which I rejoice in memories so sweet, and my comfort is 

et non est abreviata manus Dei.® It is now no time for reproach. 

I thank your Reverence for the gift of flour, and of that often 

sent, which in time of need placet et plasebit (pleases and will 

please). God will repay your Reverence therefor. The rea- 
son for my silence has been that a letter written to your Rev- 
erence was lost, and that afterwards we found ourselves here 
with a multitude of shipwrecked people from vessels which were 
fishing in these seas. All would have perished with all their 
pearls if they had not come here to the pearl of finest luster 
and flame. A little while ago the Peruvian frigate set sail, 
calked and repaired as well as possible, with forty mouths who 


69 Et non est abreviata manus Dei ut salvare nequeat: “The hand of the 
Lord is not shortened that it cannot save” (Isaias, lix, 1). 


92 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


ate us out of house and home. Long live Jesus, long live Mary! 
Here we are continuing with the ordinary travails of new mis- 
sions, which your Reverence knows better than I. But the con- 
solation is, sed vivent et pauperes Evangeli Sancti’ and the 
number [of converts] is increasing and the faith being extended. 
Only I have not been good, and so, your Reverence, commend 
me in truth to God, and receive many and very affectionate 
greetings from all the fathers, for all are rejoiced at your Rev- 
erence's honors. With all this 1 must close, commending my- 
self to your holy prayers and sacrifices. Loreto Concho, Jan- 
uary 20, 1704. Your Reverence's servant in Christ, 

Juan MARIA DE SALVATIERRA. 


CHAPTER VI. MY JOURNEY OR EXPEDITION OF ONE 
HUNDRED LEAGUES TO THE SOUTHWARD 
TO THE GUAIMAS AND THE NEIGH- 
BORING HEATHEN 


After I had lived in California and had come from 
there sometimes to Hiaqui, having very friendly rela- 
tions with the neighboring heathen Guaimas, I very 
much desired and solicited their conversion, because I 
considered it very advantageous to the conversion of 
California. And in fact, when I came fifteen years ago 
from Mexico to these new conversions, the plan was to 
begin them among the Guaimas. Afterward there was 
so great a field here that only three years ago the father 
visitor, Juan Maria de Salvatierra, went in his apostolic 
zeal to found that mission and new conversion of the 
Guaimas, most of whom spoke the Pima language. For 
some months Father Juan de Hugarte, who left the 
rectorate of Mexico to come to the more glorious and 
meritorious missions of California, has lived there by 
disposition of the father rector, Juan Maria Salvatierra. 
At that time there was found working apostolically 
among the Guaimas Father Francisco Maria Picolo, 


70 “But the poor of the Gospel shall live.” 





two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 93 


who after having been in Mexico and having printed 
the report of the good state of California, with the in- 
serted royal, very Catholic, and most Christian cédula 
of his Majesty Philip V, God save him, which so greatly 
favors all the new conversions, returned to California 
and afterward came to that new conversion of San 
Joseph de los Guaimas. Already his Reverence and I 
had exchanged letters, saying that we should see each 
other, and how there was a short and direct road, al- 
though among heathen and still unexplored and un- 
travelled. I tried to open up this new road, because the 
other, by way of the Yaqui River, over which a few 
weeks before I had sent fifteen loads of flour as an alms 
for California, ran more than sixty leagues out of the 
way. | 

On March 25, the third day after Easter, I set out in 
the afternoon from Nuestra Señora de los Dolores for 
San Joseph de los Guaimas, having performed in the 
morning thirteen solemn baptisms, some of the many 
Spaniards who had come here from the neighboring 
new mining camp of Nuestra Señora de la Soledad to 
keep holy week, to comply with their religious obliga- 
tions, and to keep Easter, acting as godfathers. After 
eight days’ journey, on April 2 I arrived, thank God, 
safely at San Joseph de los Guaimas.” 


CHAPTER VII. MY ARRIVAL AT SAN JOSEPH DE LOS 
GUAYMAS; AND THE HEATHEN DISCOVERED ON 
THIS NEW AND DIRECT ROAD 


By means of the good equipment and the favors shown 
me in their great charity by Father Rector Adamo Gil 
in Santa Maria del Populo and Father Juan de San 


71 Kino's route is made plainer by Ortega (4Apostólicos Afanes, 314), who 
tells us that he went by Opodepe, Nacameri, and Santa María del Populo, 
thus avoiding the roundabout way by the Yaqui. 


94 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


Martin” in San Francisco and La Santissima Trinidad 
del Pitiquin,”* I went in the short space of eight days 
these one hundred leagues from Nuestra Señora de los 
Dolores to San Joseph de Guaymas, a harbor of the sea 
of California. In the last and somewhat less inhabited 
fifty leagues of this hitherto not very much traveled 
road, and particularly in the post or station which they 
called El Cerro Grande, I found among the very af- 
fable heathen three or four Christian Indians who from 
fear of punishment by stripes had taken refuge among 
these retreats, and I tried to get them to go back with me 
on my return to their pueblos of Christians. To all 
these heathen I preached the Christian faith, and found 
them very docile and affable, and that with the good 
shepherds of souls which they need, God willing, all 
with ease can be reduced to pueblos, with churches for 
their eternal salvation. 

When, on April 2, I arrived, thank God, safely at 
San Joseph de Guaymas, I found that Father Francisco 
Maria Picolo had gone on business to the neighboring 
missions of the Rio de Yaqui. The children of San 
Joseph de Guaymas, who were more than five hundred 
in number, and some of whom spoke the Pima language 
and others the Seri, received me with all kindness. I 
wrote immediately of my arrival to Father Francisco 
Maria Picolo and to the other fathers of Hyaqui, all 
of whom asked me to go on to their missions, even to 
Torin.“ But the necessity of returning as soon as pos- 
sible to this mission of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores 
prevented me from making that journey, and, conse- 
quently, Father Francisco Maria Picolo came to San 


72 Father San Martin formerly had been sent to Guebavi. See volume 
i, 303. 

73 This is evidently Pitiqui or Pitic, the early name for Hermosillo. 

74’Torin is in the lower Yaqui Valley. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 95 


Joseph de los Guaymas, and I welcomed him with very 
great satisfaction on my part.” 

So much did he desire it, as I could see, and because 
of his self effacement, I catechized and baptized many 
of them, now native catechumens, for most of them 
spoke the Pima language and were Pimas like those of 
this extensive Pimeria which Father Rector Adamo 
Gil used to call the Pimeria Alta. With these minis- 
tries and with the inspection of the very pretty and suit- 
able posts (one had the corral for the cattle, and I noted 
that from it they could be embarked alive to be taken 
over to the very nearby California), I was detained 
three days, with great consolation to myself at seeing so 
great an opportunity to obtain much glory for our 
Lord, the salvation of so many souls, and the advantage 
of splendid fishing-grounds, salt-beds, lands, gardens, 
cattle, sheep, goats, and a church and house which are 
being successfully built. 


CHAPTER VIII. MY RETURN FROM SAN JOSEPH DE 
GUAYMAS TO NUESTRA SENORA DE LOS DO- 
LORES, WHENCE GIFTS ARE SENT BY THE 
NEW ROAD FOR THE GUAYMAS AND 
FOR CALIFORNIA 


Having been with Father Francisco Maria Picolo 
four days, with very great pleasure to myself, and hav- 
ing conferred with regard to the succor which from 
these neighboring posts could easily be sent to the new 
missions of the neighboring California, and in regard 
to the mode of securing the necessary missionary fa- 
thers for fields so extensive and containing so many hea- 
then souls of all this vast North America, of this main- 
land and of the neighboring California, Baja and Alta, 


75 The meaning is not clear at this point. 


96 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


I took leave of his Reverence and of the fathers of Hya- 
qui, and of the very beloved children and natives of San 
Joseph de Guaymas, and turned back toward this mis- 
sion of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores. On the way I 
found very many other new heathen, who came out to see 
me from their more remote retreats. I preached to 
them the principal mysteries of our holy Catholic faith, 
and since all knew the Pima language, I encouraged 
them to assemble in suitable places, whither missionary 
fathers could come to them for their eternal salvation. 
And they promised me that when fathers should be 
given them they would assemble and would form good 
missions at the very good post of the old mining camp 
of San Marzial, or wherever the father might wish. I 
arrived at La Santisima Trinidad del Pitiquin, and at 
San Francisco, pueblos which Father Juan de San Mar- 
tin was administering, where I received a thousand 
kindnesses from his Reverence, as also the two follow- 
ing days at Santa Maria de Populo from Father Rector 
Adamo fil. 

And with various letters which meanwhile had come 
from Mexico and from Europe, as I shall state in the 
following chapters, I went on to the Valley of Sonora, 
to Father Visitor Antonio Leal. Afterwards I arrived 
at Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, whence Í sent various 
- gifts by a Spaniard by this direct and short road to San 
Joseph de Guaymas. Among them was a canvas or 
painting, with a gilt frame, of the most glorious San 
Joseph, which, as Father Francisco Maria Picolo wrote 
me in his most courteous letter, was placed on the high 
altar of the new church of San Joseph de Guaimas. | 
sent also some trifles and letters for the fathers of Cali- 
fornia. 


BOOK IV. NEW GOVERNMENT OF THE 
PROVINCES AND OF THE MISSIONS, WITH 
THE COMING FROM EUROPE TO THIS NEW 
SPAIN OF A NEW FATHER VISITOR GEN- 
ERAL AND VICE PROVINCIAL, MANUEL 
PINEYRO; NEW ROYAL CEDULA, WITH 
THE NEW AID OF THIRTEEN THOU- 
SAND PESOS FOR CALIFORNIA: SOME 
VERY SINISTER OPPOSITION TO 
THESE NEW CONVERSIONS; AND 
THE GOING OF FATHER JUAN 
MARIA DESALVATIERRA FROM 
CALIFORNIA TO MEXICO 


CHAPTER I. FIRST LETTERS AND NEWS WHICH AR- 
RIVED AT THIS NEW CONVERSION OF THE COMING 
OF THE FATHER VISITOR, MANUEL PIN- 
EYRO; AND A LETTER WHICH HIS 
REVERENCE WROTE TO ME 


On coming from San Joseph de Guaymas, on the way 
from Sonora as well as upon my arrival at this mission 
of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, I found various let- 
ters from Mexico and Rome. Among them were two 
most kind ones from our Father General Thyrsso Gon- 
zalez, and one from the new father visitor general, 
Manuel Pineyro, in regard to these missions. The pre- 
ceding father provincial, Francisco de Arteaga, had 
appointed and assigned me as rector of this rectorate of 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores (for although I made a 
nomination for the charge they did not listen to me), 
and so his Reverence, in writing to me in regard to a 


98 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


rector and to giving me a successor under a new gov- 
ernment, charged me and wrote me in his own hand, 
among other kindnesses and other holy paternal mat- 
ters, that I should name my successor, etc. And al- 
though I afterward made a nomination, this suggestion 
was not heeded nor my proposal accepted. But I con- 
tinued to remain, and God willing, shall always remain 
more desirous and fond of living without such charges, 
and with the religious freedom to attend to the welfare 
of these innumerable, poor, and needy souls of this vast 
North America, and of advancing their salvation by all 
possible methods and means, by word, by writing, or 
otherwise, than of acting in the capacity of superior, or 
reporting about other persons and their work, when 
there is so much to do, and in a matter of so great 
scruple and care, and of having each year to give an 
account of their persons to our Lord. And said father 
visitor Manuel Pineyro assigned and appointed all the 
father rectors of missions as well as of all the colleges 
and all the provinces of New Spain. 


CHAPTER II. NEW ROYAL CÉDULA OF PHILIP V, 
GOD SAVE HIM, IN REGARD TO THE AD- 
VANCEMENT OF CALIFORNIA 


At the same time, in the months of April and May of 
1704, different letters came to me, among them being 
one from Father Francisco Maria Picolo in regard 
to the very Catholic new royal cédula of his Majesty 
Philip V, God save him, which in the preceding 
months had arrived at Mexico. In it thirteen thou- 
sand pesos more were very charitably appropriated for 
thirty additional soldiers for California.” And Gen- 


152 In 1703 Fathers Rolandegui and Vera presented a memorial to the 
king regarding California. On June 16 it was considered in council, the king 
being present in person. As a result five decrees were issued on September 





two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 99 


eral Juan Matheo Manje, who a little before had 
been alcalde mayor of all this province of Sonora, in 
the Real de San Juan, with very Catholic magnanim- 
ity offered himself as captain of the soldiers, and to aid 
with his very Christian zeal in the advancement of all 
the new conversions, those oversea in California, as well 
as those of the Pimas in this mainland, and of the land 
route to California, and of the large volumed and very 
populous Colorado River. But afterwards all these 
good intentions were in part frustrated, since on ac- 
count of the heavy expenses of the many European wars 
the royal chests were unable to give the above men- 
tioned thirteen thousand pesos which the royal cédula 
granted. Nevertheless, our Lord willed that the glo- 
rious and apostolic new conquest, new conversion, and 
new Christian community, which, through the inde- 
fatigable holy zeal and untiring blessed administration, 
care, and labor of those apostolic Californian mission- 
ary fathers has not lacked the necessary aid of the sev- 
eral very pious benefactors, should be very well sup- 
ported. For when some have withdrawn their hands, 
the celestial divine providence has disposed that in 
others Christian piety and charity should not be lack- 
ing, as can be gathered from the following chapter. 


CHAPTER III. THAT TEMPORAL AND SPIRITUAL 
GOODS ARE MULTIPLIED FOR THE BENEFAC- 
TORS OF THE NEW CONVERSIONS 


The father rector, Melchor Bartiromo, benefactor 
of the new conquest and new conversions of California, 
recognizes clearly and distinctly and is accustomed to 
say that on one occasion when he had sent twenty loads 





28, 1703. One of them added seven thousand pesos to the California subsidy 
of six thousand and ordered a vessel purchased (Chapman, Founding of 
Spanish California, 21). 


100 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


of provisions to Hayaqui for California, as he had prom- 
ised them, and, because the weather was somewhat 
severe it appeared that through the shipment some want 
of provisions might be occasioned in his districts, he 
saw those twenty loads plainly multiplied, and more 
besides, among his troops, without their experiencing 
the least poverty or lack of them in their houses. 

The same has happened to me on several occasions, 
for I have aided new conversions, in California as well 
as over here in this mainland, and the holy Mother of 
the province, our Lady, with her most merciful and 
great providence, has multiplied and increased for me 
the temporal goods by the bountiful harvests of wheat, 
maize, cattle, wine for masses, cane, plums, gardens, 
etc., and even the heathen and the new nations, with- 
out my asking them anything or speaking a word to 
them in regard to the matter, have made for me good 
fields and good harvests of wheat, maize, beans, water- 
melons, melons, and pumpkins, and have given me cat- 
tle, sheep, and goats in abundance in various good dis- 
tricts of the interior, near and remote. And it is well 
verified that what we give to the poor in pious causes, 
that shall we have in this life and for all eternity, and 
that what we do not give that shall we lose. It is no- 
- torious, moreover, that in some cases those who have 
given little and even refused to aid the new conversions 
of California, either in part or altogether, have lost the 
plentiful harvests which they were accustomed to have. 
And one of the very Catholic kings of Spain and of the 
Indies, in one of his very Christian cédulas, commands, 
to this end, that the necessary expenditures be not 
spared, because as his royal Majesty says, he recognizes 
clearly that for what is spent for such purposes our 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. IOI 


Lord always returns great increase to his royal crown.” 

Therefore, there has not failed, nor fails now, nor, 
God willing, shall fail what is necessary either for the 
new conversions of California or for the rest which they 
may wish to undertake for the service of his divine 
Majesty or for the welfare of the souls redeemed with 
the most precious blood of our Saviour Jesus Christ. 
And thus the sovereign Lord aids us most liberally and 
very continually with many means, temporal and spir- 
itual, in these new Pima conversions, as we very joyful- 
ly acknowledge. And yet, although I have reported 
the many missionary fathers whom we have needed and 
asked for, and whom the father provincials and gen- 
erals promise to us, and have even sent several times 
and continue to send in goodly number, the contradic- 
tion and opposition here impedes, prevents, and detains 
them from us. But we confidently hope in the loving 
disposition of our Lord that in his time there will come 
in so much the greater numbers the zealous father la- 
borers necessary, predestined for the entire conquest 
and conversion of all this unknown North America, 
which with so much peace, quiet, and constancy is ask- 
ing the boon of its eternal salvation. 


CHAPTER IV. OF SOME NEW AND CALUMNIOUS 
HOSTILITY AND OPPOSITION TO THE 
NEW CONVERSIONS 


The common enemy of all good, and especially of the 
salvation of souls, by means of some persons unfavor- 
able to these new conversions, who already on many 
other occasions had opposed them, although always 
very wrongly, to advance their own cause and that of 





76 The reference is to the cédula at the opening of this work, volume i, 
page 108. 


102 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


the common enemy, bruited it about that the natives of 
this Pimeria were so evil natured that they were plot- 
ting to kill one of the missionary fathers. At the same 
time Captain Don Antonio Bezerra (with twenty sol- 
diers of the presidio of Janos selected for incorporation 
with the fifty soldiers of this presidio of Sonora, whose 
captain, Don Jacinto de Fuen Saldafia, was very dis- 
creet), himself at once argued and maintained that it 
was one of the usual idle and calumnious speeches of 
those ill-disposed to this Pima nation. Nevertheless, 
extended investigations were made in regard to the 
matter, but no trace whatever was found of the least 
alteration or evil intention of any of these Pima natives, 
nor had it entered into the thoughts of any of them to 
wish to kill or injure their missionary fathers or the 
captain of the presidio, Don Jacinto de Fuen Saldaña, 
who because of his very Christian, Catholic, and char- 
itable qualities, has always been greatly beloved by all 
the Pima nation, and has advanced and defended it in 
everything lawful. These Pimas, according to their ob- 
ligation, have in turn always cherished, loved, esteemed, 
and venerated the said Captain Don Jacinto and his 
soldiers, and especially their father ministers who have 
come, and have solicited others whom they lack and 
need. And with these refutations, after satisfactorily 
clearing up the calumnious charges that these Pimas 
were altered when they were not so, but most quiet, 
peaceful, and affable, Captain Don Antonio Vezerra 
returned to his presidio of Janos with his twenty sol- 
diers, and all good people were astounded at so many 
wiles used by the common enemy to destroy and hinder 
the welfare of souls. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 103 


CHAPTER V. ANOTHER VERY GRAVE CALUMNY 
AGAINST THE GOVERNOR OF MY THIRD PUEBLO 
OF NUESTRA SENORA DEL PILAR DE COCO- 
SPERA AND AGAINST THE WELFARE 
OF THESE NEW CONVERSIONS 


Captain Christobal Granillo de Salazar, deputy al- 
calde mayor at the Real de Bacanuchi, on September 13 
of this year, 1704, wrote me the following, naming for 
me the three disaffected pueblos whence issued these 
calumnies and wherein he was not given entire credit: 

Some gossip is current here, and I shall appreciate it if your 

Reverence will tell me the truth of the matter, so that the 

wicked enemy may not accomplish his purpose of disturbing 

these new conversions. It is to the effect that the governor 

of Cocospera said that with the staff of office he was not a 

man, but that with weapons he was, and that he had with- 

drawn to the mountains to assemble men to attack some place.”” 
This calumny was noised about in such a manner that 
in a letter of September 17 the father visitor, Antonio 
Leal, wrote me the following: 

Over here it is said that the governor of Cocospera has sent 

your Reverence the staff of office, saying that he intended to 

avenge the death of his kinsfolk, and that he had revolted with 

all Cocospera. I beg your Reverence for information. 
And I, knowing how foreign to all charity were all 
these darnels, proceeded at once to summon the said 
governor of Cocospera with his two sons, one, named 
Matias, who is a fiscal, and the other, called Joseph, 
who is steward of my supplies at Cocospera. As both 
were good cowboys, all these preceding weeks they had 
helped me to deliver two hundred cattle to Captain 
Don Geronimo Colonmo. 

On September 20 I went with the said governor of 





77 Ortega summarizes these points on pages 314-315 of the Apostólicos 
Afanes. 


104 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


Cocospera and his two sons to the neighboring pueblo 
of Cucurpe that his calumniators might see him and be 
satisfied in the presence of many Spaniards; and we 
were on the point of going to Tuape to see the father 
rector and even to the Valley of Sonora to see the father 
visitor, that all might be satisfied that it had been a 
mere calumny which unjustly had been raised against 
the innocent governor of Cocospera, who has several 
good papers by the various alcalde mayors, as captain- 
general of these new conversions, and is called Fran- 
cisco Pacheco, because of having been the godson of the 
Captain Francisco Pacheco Zevallos, and of having 
been his warm friend ever since he lived in heathen- 
dom. ‘The Spaniards, however, prevented our going 
to Tuape and Sonora, and said that they would there 
satisfy the father rector and the father visitor and the 
alcalde mayor in regard to the innocence and loyalty of 
the governor of Cocospera. 

The lieutenant of the Real de Bacanuchi wrote me 
the following: 

I have always been confident that this about the governor 
of Cocospera is false, and that they are powder-flashes and 
whirlwinds of lies, whose source your Reverence knows. I 
never have given them credit; and I said so when, coming 
from Sonora, I met those who gave me these reports; for when- 


ever they go forth I find nothing but confusion and calumnia- 
tion of these poor Pima friends. 


Thus far the Sefior lieutenant. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 105 


CHAPTER VI. NEW EVIDENCE OF THE LOYALTY OF 
THE PIMAS AND THAT IT IS THE HOSTILE 
APACHES WHO COMMIT THE RAVAGES 
AGAINST THIS PROVINCE 


The above mentioned Señor lieutenant of the Real de 
Bacanuchi, Christoval Granillo de Salazar, in a letter 
of the eighth of October, giving me an account in the 
presence of his only son, Antonio, writes the following: 


The news current here in regard to the enemies who killed 
the soldiers and the sons of Mexico are that Don Gregorio,** 
the lieutenant of the presidio, set out with the soldiers, waited 
for them in the Sierra del Chiguicagui, came upon them, killed 
five Apache enemies, and took away seventy-six horses and the 
arms of the soldier who had died. 1 do not ask a reward from 
your Reverence for the news that they are Apaches, and not 
Pimas, as the disaffected are accustomed to calumniate, because 
I ought to give it, since now the erroneous impression under 
which up to the present many were laboring, and gossip which 
was beginning to be current, such as those little interested are 
always accustomed to utter, are being dissipated. And these”? 
have been they who have committed the murders in Tuape and 
in other places, as is shown by their great daring when they 
met with the soldiers, for they fought as valorous men on a 
plain in open battle. “The Apaches were sixteen and the sol- 
diers eighteen. May our Lord always bring the truth to 
light. 

Thus far the Señor lieutenant. Now, when almost 
at the same time our Pimas had also won their victories 
over the above mentioned Apache enemies, taking cap- 
tive some non-combatants, etc., in a letter of October 
Father Rector Adamo Jil* writes me from Matape the 
following: 

I greatly rejoice that so quickly and unexpectedly the imag- 
ined or feigned revolt has gone up in smoke; for, although 1 


78 Gregorio Álvarez Tuñon. 
79 T.e., the Apaches. 
80 Gilg. 


106 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


did not know of this particular difficulty, I was, however, very 
sorry when I saw in writing that a great blow was feared in 
the Pimeria. Now, my Father Kino, good courage, for my 
great desire, intention, and design is, to go to San Jabier del 
Gran Bac of the Pimas, setting out shortly from Matape, 
(Faxint, Superi ett Superiores) .3* 


And in another and earlier letter his Reverence says 
the following: 


That the non-combatants whom the Pimas brought have 
not been by any means few, and that the victory has been 
notable. Blessed be God, who again has rescued the Pimas, 
proving that they are not such as they wish perforce to make 
them out. 


Thus far the father rector of Matape, Adamo Jil. 
Captain Don Gregorio Albarez ‘Tufion y Quiros, from 
the presidio of this province writes that never will there 
be a lack of false witnesses, but that we must take care 
that the truth be upheld. 


CHAPTER VII. LETTERS OF FATHER FRANCISCO 
MARIA PICOLO AND FATHER ANTONIO CAPUZ* IN 
REGARD TO THE GOING OF THE FATHER REC- 
TOR FRANCISCO MARIA PICOLO (I MEAN 
JUAN MARIA DE SALVATIERRA) FROM 
CALIFORNIA TO MEXICO 


Father Francisco Maria Picolo from San Joseph de 
Guaymas on October 20 of this year 1704, wrote me the 
following long letter: 


My MOST BELOVED FATHER HEussEBIO FRANCISCO KINO. 
Father, this serves to inform your Reverence that Father Rec- 
tor Juan Maria de Salvatierra, owing to pressure of time has 
gone via Matanchel for Mexico, without touching this coast, to 
his Reverence’s great grief and mine; but this is the will of the 
Lord, who always provides what is best. His reverence wrote 
me commanding and asking me that notwithstanding all the 





81 “May the gods and the superiors grant it.” 
82 Father Marcos Antonio Kapus. For a note concerning him see vol- 
ume i, 126. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 107 





orders promulgated by the father visitor, Manuel Pineyro, for 
my return to California, I should remain at this new mission of 
San Joseph de Guaymas until the return of his Reverence from 
Mexico, and that he would bring persons suitable for this mis- 
sion.22 The letters of your Reverence were sent to Mexico by 
a messenger. The Alferez Juan Baupptista de Escalante set 
out from this port of California yesterday, the nineteenth in- 
stant. His Honor went, summoned by the father rector, Juan 
Maria de Salvatierra, as commander or captain of that presi- 
dio.* He could not make the suggestion by word of mouth 
to the Señor Don Juan Matheo Manje, therefore he made it 
in writing. In regard to the cattle which the very liberal char- 
ity of your Reverence has offered for a new mission, we shall 
not be able to make any arrangements until the return of Father 
Juan Maria. If he had not gone to Mexico his Rev- 
erence would have sent me the itinerary; but it was 
not the will of the Lord. Be assured, your Reverence, I have 
such confidence in the Lord that in the Pimeria and California, 
after the passing of the persecutions our advancement is going to 
be 4d mayorem Dei Gloriam (to the greater praise and glory 
of the Lord), in spite of some who are zealous for temporal 
goods, and for their own persons more than for the spiritual 
welfare of themselves and of these poor Indians. 

Be not cast down, your Reverence, for God has chosen the 
apostles for Pimeria and for California. 1 remain, then, in this 
mission, with the same spiritual joy as if it were in my beloved 
California. May His Divine Majesty accept my submission 
to the will of my superiors. I wish your Reverence were here. 
Thanks be to the Lord, there is sufficient means of sustenance, 
proper and good, for a new mission. I wish that your Rever- 
ence could help me with a little flour. I desire to eat bread, I 
have an oven, and your Reverence’s mules have returned with 
salt and fish. Look what increase Father Francisco Maria has. 
83 Salvatierra had now been appointed provincial. 

84 For former work by Escalante see references in the “Index.” At the 
special request of Salvatierra, Escalante, then alférez of the presidio of Naco- 
sari, in Sonora, went to succeed Estévan Lorenzo, a Portuguese, as captain of 


the presidio of Loreto. Venegas calls Escalante “a soldier of great valor and 
credit against the Apaches” (Venegas, Noticia de la California, vol. ii, 150). 


108 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


The fault © is yours, for your Reverence's great and excessive 

charity. I salute your steward of California, and I desire to 

see and know him. Diego Fernandez kisses the hands of your 

Reverence, for whom I desire much spiritual comfort and health, 

for the Glory of the Lord and the salvation of so many souls. 

Thus far Father Maria Picolo. And Father Marcos 
Antonio Capuz from his mission of Aribachi* writes 
me on October 29 the following: 

Father Rector Juan Maria de Salbatierra embarked for 
Mantanchel at the beginning of the present month, in a div- 
er’s bark, and his Reverence did not come to Hyaqui, writing 
that it was necessary for him to be brief and make haste, on 
account of the importunities which lately had been made to 
him from Mexico that he make the voyage. Alferez Excalante, 
although he went at once to California in a launch, did not 
overtake his Reverence; and Father Juan de Ugarte has the 
cattle. 


Thus far Father Marcos Antonio Capuz. 


CHAPTER VIII. A LETTER FROM CAPTAIN JUAN 
BAUTISTA DE ESCALANTE FROM HIS NEW CAPTAIN- 
CY IN CALIFORNIA, DATED OCTOBER 22. ON 
THE SAME DAY FATHER VISITOR DON 
MANUEL PINEYRO DIED IN MEXICO 


DEATH OF THE FATHER VISITOR, MANUEL PINEYRO. 
Having been soldier and alférez of this presidio of 
Sonora or Flying Company (as the Sefior Viceroy 
Conde de Galbes founded and designated it in the year 
1695), Captain Juan Baupptista de Escalante went, 
called by the father rector, Juan Maria de Salbatierra, 
to the captaincy of California, whence on October 23 
he wrote me the following letter: 

MY VERY REVEREND FATHER, ETC., I write to tell your 

Reverence of my arrival at this new kingdom of California, 


85 A playful remark. He means “the credit is yours.” 
86 Arivechi (Aribachi) is on the Río de Sahuaripa, about thirty miles from 
its junction with the Río Yaqui. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 109 


where I find myself with much pleasure in the company of 
the reverend fathers Juan de Ugarte, Juan Manuel de Zafal- 
dua,*” and Pedro de Ugarte, who at present are engaged in 
this undertaking. May the Lord protect us and grant his 
blessing for the advancement of these poor souls who now are 
coming into the knowledge of our holy faith. I did not have 
the pleasure of seeing our very reverend Father Rector Juan 
Maria de Salbatierra. I received the letter of his Reverence 
only after having arrived at the Yaqui River. In it he told me 
he was leaving in his place Father Juan de Ugarte, whom he left 
with orders to give me the captaincy, and I took possession of 
it on the twenty-second of October, with the formal title. It °° 
and my person are ready to obey the mandates of your Rev- 
erence. I do not give more extensive news of what has occurred 
over here, because I have not yet left this first settlement of 
Loreto, etc. 


Thus far Captain Juan Baupptista de Escalante; and 
the same day, October 22, occurred the death of the 
father visitor, Manuel Pineyro, as Father Marcos An- 
tonio Capuz wrote me in the following letter: 


On October 22, Father Visitor Don Manuel Pineyro died. 
The Father Provincial of the Augustinian friars, Fray Diego de 
la Cadena, conducted the obsequies and the burial, in the pres- 
ence of all the religious and of all Mexico. The mail was 
opened, and immediately a post was set to meet Father Juan 
Maria de Salbatierra, who had set out from Guadalaxara on 
October 26, and the post, missing the father on the road, ar- 
rived at Guadalaxara on the first of November, and immediate- 
ly returned to Mexico; and there is no doubt that now Father 
Juan Maria de Salbatierra is provincial. 


Thus far Father Marcos Antonio Kapus. 


87 Basaldua, Juan Manuel. 
88 The company of soldiers. 


110 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER IX. LETTER OF CAPTAIN DON GRE- 
GORIO ALBAREZ TUÑON Y QUIROS, SAYING THAT, 
RECONNOITERING THE FRONTIERS, HE IS COMING 
TO THE PIMERIA; AND OUR CHRISTMAS CELE- 
BRATION IN THE NEW PUEBLO OF NUESTRA 
SEÑORA DEL PILAR DE COCOSPERA 


On September 17 of this year, 1704, Captain Don 
Gregorio Albarez Tuñon y Quiros from his presidio of 
Corodeguachi wrote me the following letter: 

My delay, your Reverence, has been on account of my in- 
ability to go in person to give thanks to your Reverence for the 
service which you wish to do to his Majesty in arranging that 
the Pimas shall accompany me on the campaign. And now, 
although 1 am awaiting two posts, one from Mexico and 
another from Parral, 1 have determined to set out to recon- 
noiter the vicinity of Terenate and to come to this your Rev- 
erence's pueblo of Cocospera, where 1 hope we shall see each 
other and I will report. My zeal is that the Pimas may be 
well thought of, and it has seemed well to me to dispatch the 
bearers to give this notice to your Reverence and to ask that 
you will please dispatch it at once to the lieutenant of those 
Pimas, whom I summon also, that we may meet in said 
Pueblo of Cocospera. And, God willing, I shall set out from 
here without fail on Thursday. I beseech your Reverence to 
provide for me five loads of flour. 

Thus far Captain Don Gregorio, in the letter which 
he dispatched to me by two soldiers. And in order 
that the proper arrangements for this expedition and 
campaign which he had determined to make in the 
company of many Pimas might be better effected, on 
the twenty-fifth of the month of January next following 
I determined to go, and I went, to celebrate the feast 
of the Nativity at my third pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora 
del Pilar de Cocospera, whither came the said Captain 
Don Gregorio Albarez with many soldiers, and the 
lieutenant of this Pimeria and I. And there were pres- 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 111 


ent at the Christmas celebration and at the very good 
new church and house of that pueblo, not only the na- 
tives of my three pueblos, but also a great concourse of 
captains and governors from the interior,” from the 
north as well as from the northeast and the northwest. 
There were all the ceremonies which are usual in well 
ordered parishes. A sermon was preached in the lan- 
guage of the natives, and in Castilian there were many 
confessions and communions, among them that of Cap- 
tain Don Gregorio, who by his good example edified and 
encouraged others to partake of this Holy Sacrament. 
There was a good choir of singers; many natives were 
catechized and baptized; and there were marriages ac- 
cording to the rites of the church, with dances and en- 
tertainments and good food for all. And many things 
profitable for the welfare and advancement of these 
new conversions and for the good of this province were 
determined, although the accustomed obstacles were 
not lacking. One of them was that of which the lieu- 
tenant of the Real de Bacanuchi wrote me in a letter of 
December 26 in these words: 


I bring to your Reverence’s notice the fact that the enemies 
of Mabobabi came out against two soldiers, Juan Mazon and 
Antonio de Barrios, and an Indian who was carrying clothing 
for Father Bassilio, and wrought their treachery as always. 
They killed the two soldiers, but the Indian escaped through 
the intervention of God. ‘They carried off the clothing and 
spoils of the soldiers and the horses. “They say there are signs 
that enemies are coming in by way of Chinapas and Monte 


Grande. 


Thus far the Señor lieutenant of the Real de Baca- 
nuchi, Christobal Granillo de Salazar. 


89 That is, Indian captains and governors. 


















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PART IV 


OF THE CELESTIAL FAVORS OF 
Jesus, Most Holy Mary, and the Most 
Glorious Apostle of the Indies, San 
Francisco Jabier, Experienced in the 
New Conquests and New Conversions 
of this Pimeria and the Surrounding 
New Nations of this Province of So- 
nora, in New Spain, North America, 
in the Years 1705 and 1706 


nay 
INN 


i pi Lite pone Ñ 
' TAR IO 
MAUL Ue yA YR Ñ 
ANA 
ae A 
wi 


AA UN M y 

Paty 0 0, fh j 
IA 
a uy 





PROLOGUE TO THE CHARITABLE READER 


Having written the three preceding parts of these 
Celestial Favors, three years ago, in the midst of my 
many occupations as well as the various obstacles 
and the opposition which our Lord permitted in these 
new conversions, and, thirdly, with uncertainty as to the 
destination which they might reach, or whether or not 
these papers would be of any use, I discontinued the 
writing of this treatise until the present year of 1709, 
when I am receiving new letters from our Father Gen- 
eral Miguel Anjel “Tamburini, as well as from other 
fathers and persons of dignity, which move me to con- 
tinue the undertaking. ‘The very paternal and holy 
letter of our father general contains these words: 


I heartily rejoice that your Reverence may continue your 
treatise on those missions entitled Celestial Favors, the first part 
of which you sent us here. I hope to receive the other two 
parts which your Reverence promises, and that they may all be 
approved in Mexico, in order that they may be published. The 
news which your Reverence gives me fills me with joy, and 
with the desire to repay the anxieties and glorious labors of 
your Reverence and of your companions. Here the wars, 
etc., detain our missionaries, etc. 


Thus far our father general. Father Fernando 
Bayerca wrote me recently that he had just received a 
new book printed in Paris in the French language in 
the year 1705 with a new map of these new conquests, 
conversions, and discoveries, with the title Passage by 
Land to California, discovered by the Reverend Father 
Eusebio Francisco Kino, where also are seen the New 


116 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





Missions of the Fathers of the Company of Jesus,” etc. 
He rejoiced greatly at the discovery of the land route 
to California. The coming of the father visitor of 
Taraumares, Antonio de Herrera, to these missions of 
Sonora and to this pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Do- 
lores, consoled and encouraged us greatly, for he sol- 
emnized many baptisms and marriages, and promised, 
the captains and governors from the interior who were 
here the missionary fathers whom with tender insistence 
they asked of him. During the course of his visit Father 
Francisco Maria Picolo wrote me that his Reverence 
had very great and confident hopes that in proportion 
as the persecutions of California and this Pimeria were 
many, their promotion and advancement must be very 
promising, for such has been the experience of all the 
greater missions. 

And especially the present father provincial, Juan de 
Estrada,” as well as other prominent fathers, and other 
men, seculars, have held the same opinion, namely, that 
in their time these new conversions were to make great 
progress, for, although in the space of twenty-three 
years since these new missions were begun the many 
fathers who have been needed have not come, the father 
provincials have always sent them, but human opposi- 
tion has taken them away, or else the divine sovereign 
providence of our Lord takes them. As Father Fran- 


20 The reference is of course to the Kino map printed in Le Gobien’s 
Lettres Edifantes, of which there are several editions. The title in the 1705 
edition is Passage par terre a la Californie Decouvert par le Rev. Pere 
Eusebe-Francois Kino Jesuite depuis 1698, jusqu'a 1701 ou Von voit encore 
les Nouvelles Missions des PP. de la Compage. de Jesus. 

9 On November 3, 1707, the former provincial died. Immediately the 
instructions in casu mortis were opened and Juan de Estrada, provost of the 
Casa Profesa, was found named in it (Alegre, Historia, vol. iii, 149-150). 
He was succeeded by Antonio Jardón, who was appointed early in 1708 
(idem, 153). 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 117 


cisco Maria Picolo writes, and as Father Visitor Hora- 
zio Polize has asserted, He will be able to send in 
His own good time the fathers predestined and chosen 
for so blessed a ministry for the welfare of so many 
souls. For, although here this opposition exists and 
has existed, yet, all these new conversions are always in 
a state of continued peace and quietude, and show con- 
stant perseverance in desiring and asking for mission- 
ary fathers and holy baptism. And, thanks to the sov- 
ereign Lord, the teaching of the holy law of our holy 
Catholic faith is ever prosperously extending more and 
more, and securing in great numbers catechumens and 
those who desire to receive the boon of their eternal 
salvation. 


BOOK I. NEW GOVERNMENT. FATHER 
PROVINCIAL JUAN MARIA DE SALBATIER- 
RA; FIRST ANDSECOND PERSECUTIONS OF 
THESE NEW CONVERSIONS IN THE FIRST 
MONTHS OF THIS YEAR 1705, AND THE 
GOOD SUCCESS WITH WHICH OUR 
LORD, WITH HIS CELESTIAL FAVORS, 
IS PLEASED TO BRING US FORTH 
IN SAFETY FROM THEM 


CHAPTER I. OF THE ARRIVAL OF FATHER JUAN 
MARIA DE SALBATIERRA FROM CALIFORNIA AT 
MEXICO, WHERE HIS REVERENCE ENTERS AS 
FATHER PROVINCIAL OF THIS NEW SPAIN 


One of the principal persons of this province of So- 
nora wrote me the following letter: 


I sent the report which we, the friends of the common good 
and of the province, etc., have made and signed, with a mind 
to present it to the higher authorities, because I believe that 
God our Lord favors the interests of your Reverence and of 
those new conversions, and frustrates the mischievous designs 
of the adversaries. “Therefore I shall now tell you why I ask 
a reward, and it is that Joachin de Mora has just arrived from 
Mexico with the news that the father visitor general, Father 
Manuel Pineyro, has died; and during the illness of which 
he died he wrote to the father rector, Juan Maria, by a mes- 
senger who arranged to meet the courier in Guadalaxara. The 
purport of it was that Father Rector Juan Maria should ac- 
celerate and hasten his journey to Mexico, for he had many 
matters to communicate to him pertaining to and concerning 
the religious and conversions. Although his Reverence went 
post-haste, he found him already dead; but he left in writing 


EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 119 


the disposition of affairs and the order that Father Juan Maria 

should take his place as visitor general and provincial. 

And Father Marcos Antonio Capuz wrote that im- 
mediately a courier was sent out to meet Father Juan 
Maria de Salbatierra, who left Guadalaxara on Octo- 
ber 26. The courier, missing the said father on the 
way, arrived at Guadalaxara on November 1, and im- 
mediately returned to Mexico, where the father pro- 
vincial, Juan Maria de Salbatierra, governed and vis- 
ited the province until he returned again to California. 
And from California he went a second time to Mexico, 
and from Mexico, leaving as his successor Father Pro- 
vincial Bernardo de Rolandegui, he returned a third 
time to California, as shall be written in full in the 
proper time and place. 


CHAPTER II. OF THE FIRST AND VERY GREAT PER- 
SECUTION WHICH OCCURRED IN THESE THREE 
MONTHS OF JANUARY, FEBRUARY, AND MARCH, 
ESPECIALLY AGAINST THIS PUEBLO OF 
NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LOS DOLORES 


An indiscreet lieutenant gave out that from this 
pueblo of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores we had sent 
the justices to draw the Indians from some pueblos 
to add them to others, even ourselves offering gifts 
therefor.” In view of this they accused and persecuted 
and molested us very sorely, and the royal justice, the 
said lieutenant, accompanied by others, came repeated- 
ly, violently and with great harshness, many stripes, and 
serious threats of hanging, of death, etc., and took from 
us many Indians, more than ninety on one occasion 
alone. The justices and the governor of this pueblo 
said that neither by gifts nor in any other way had we 


92 Ortega summarizes the episode on page 315 of the Apostólicos Afanes. 
He calls the lieutenant “equally haughty, greedy, and cowardly.” 


120 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


taken those Indians from other pueblos, but that of 
their own accord, for very good reasons which they al- 
leged, free as they were, they had moved to the pueblo 
of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores. It was decided to 
take them aside and ask them whether they had been 
brought here by gifts, or coaxed, and where or in which 
of the pueblos they would rather live; and all except 
three, two of whom afterward remained, said that no 
one coaxed or sent for them, but that they had all moved 
to this pueblo of their own free will, and asked that 
they be left here in quietude, where they were quite con- 
tent. Nevertheless, after some days many of these poor 
natives were taken away in my absence, with much vio- 
lence and with insults, harsh punishment with stripes 
and threats of death, etc. But most of them, after a 
little time, would return to this pueblo of Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores, where they are found to this day. 

The persecution passed on, even to the interior, where 
we had, and, thanks be to God, we still have in pros- 
perity some very good missions begun, with what is 
necessary for the new fathers, who, by God’s help, were 
living with good beginnings of Christian doctrine and 
of baptisms, with houses in which to live, with cattle, 
sheep, goats, and horses, with fields and crops of wheat, 
maize, beans, etc. Our people were greatly afflicted, for 
this indiscreet lieutenant wished to remove them from 
their very convenient posts and very rich lands, to take 
them for his own interests and prohibited service to 
other posts less convenient for those peoples. This per- 
secution took away from the houses of the new missions 
the provisions, wheat, and maize, the tierce of salt, the 
sheep and goats, and the poor weeping people, the in- 
tention being to go on another occasion to take away 
also the cattle and the droves of mares, and to leave 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 121 


everything destroyed, even to a chapel in which we said 
mass and where the Christian doctrine was taught and 
prayers said morning and evening. Our persecutors 
most rudely burnt it for us, until our Lord vouchsafed 
that, some prudent and Christian persons interposing, 
the people returned to their new missions and our sheep 
and goats were restored to us. 

There was great regret by the righteous over what 
had happened, and among other persons zealous for 
the service of both majesties Father Horacio Polize 
wrote me the following: 

On the one hand, I am greatly grieved by the persecution, so 

iniquitious, and on the other hand I envy your Reverence your 

patience and virtue, so steadfast. 

Thus far the former father visitor; and the actual 
father visitor, Father Antonio Leal, on March 6 wrote 
me the following: 

Yesterday, coming from Arispe, I received your Reverence’s 

letter of the twenty-fourth ultimo, and a little afterward that 

of the third instant. Both grieved me on account of the trials 
of the poor natives as well as for the affliction of your Rever- 
ence, for, as they are children of sorrow, raised up at the cost of 

so many steps, cares, and efforts of your Reverence, their loss 

and molestation or vexation is the more sensible. Already I am 

writing to the alcalde mayor, and I hope in the Lord that 
everything shall be rectified. 

Afterward Father Geronimo Minutili went to the 
Valley of Sonora, and Father Visitor Antonio Leal, 
having investigated everything, his Reverence was 
amazed, yet comforted notwithstanding persecution, 
when the following arose. 


122 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER III. A SECOND VERY GRAVE, UNJUST, 
AND CALUMNIOUS PERSECUTION OF THE 
TWO PRINCIPAL CAPTAINS OF 
THESE NEW CONVERSIONS 


When in these months the indiscreet lieutenant of this 
Pimeria came on to Santa Maria to his bartering for 
their maize (for he said that for this he had requested 
and obtained the lieutenancy of this Pimeria), Captain 
Coro, who in baptism was called and is called Antonio 
Leal, advised him not to vex so often and inflict his ill 
treatment so rigorously upon the poor Pimas, who gave 
him no cause therefor, since he might run the risk of 
their retiring to the hills or to the hostile Jocomes and 
Apaches.” He was so angry at these words, although 
very just, that he accused Captain Coro and the captain 
and governor of Cocospera, called Francisco Pacheco 
(commonly Cola de Palo) before the Sefior alcalde 
mayor, and before the father visitor, and before Gen- 
eral Juan de Retana, who had come on business of the 
presidio of this province, saying that they had revolted 
and were involved in the revolt of the greater part of 
this Pimeria, and that they were on the point of coming 
to attack this province of Sonora. Now they gave us 
these reports, although very incorrect, which caused 
much commotion and gave much concern to all this 
province of Sonora. Again they ordered us to depart 
from the Pimeria and to take away and secure the 
things of the churches, etc.,“ for on the twenty-fifth of 
March Father Visitor Antonio Leal wrote me the fol- 
lowing letter: 


I greatly desired a letter from there, because of the ill 
news which has come that Coro was coming to kill fathers 





93 Summarized by Ortega, idem., 316. 
94 That is, they counseled the missionaries to flee for safety from the 
Pimas. The reference is to Father Leal’s letter just below. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 123 


and whomsoever he might encounter. I heard of this last 

night and immediately I reported to the alcalde mayor, who 

now will believe, and to General Retana. I am awaiting re- 
plies. Your Reverence’s letter has consoled me greatly, for, 
although El Coro may have these feelings, according to your 

Reverence’s letter it is not so bad. God grant that he may 

go no farther. If there is danger, which your Reverence 

may discern, set out immediately and secure the things of the 
churches and whatever is possible, for thus I have already 
written to the Father Rector. Your Reverence, being nearer 

at hand, if you should have any news regarding the matter, im- 

part it immediately to the fathers, and secure their lives and 

whatever is possible. “They have delayed so long in removing 
the cause that the effect which we feared is resulting. May 

God defend us, and guard me your Reverence, etc. Some 

fathers are now saying that the two fathers who were coming 

are in Culiacan. ‘They will arrive at an inauspicious time if 
the Pimeria is so bad, although they say that they °° have come 
from far in the interior to see your Reverence. 

Thus far the very ill-informed Father Visitor Anto- 
nio Leal. And in the same manner the very ill-in- 
formed Captain Juan Diaz de Teran, who a few months 
ago ceased to be lieutenant of this Pimeria, wrote me 
of his very indiscreet successor *® as follows: 

I arrived at this your Reverence’s house in safety, thank 
God. On the way I happened to receive a letter from the 
actual captain-lieutenant of this Pimeria in which he asks me 
for an escort, because El Coro was at the ranch of El Siboda 
killing droves of mares and cattle. And they say he was going 
to kill fathers and do other shameful deeds. Some say that he 
says he has many people from the interior in his following. 
May our Lord hinder them in purposes so evil and guard me 
your Reverence. 

Thus far Captain Theran. But all was a lie, a fiction, 
a chimera, a calumny, as shall soon be seen, and could 

95 The natives. 


96 Kino is very careful not to mention the names of his opponents here. 
Indeed, he usually practiced restraint in this particular. 


124 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


not serve as anything but a trick for the common enemy, 
to hinder, as always, the coming of the missionary 
fathers so necessary, whereby the eternal salvation of 
souls may be obstructed and delayed. 

I omit here many other long letters which Father 
Antonio Leal, as well as General Retana, wrote me, 
and others very incorrectly informed, who insisted that 
I should coóperate to the end that the tumults of these 
captains of this revolted Pimeria should be put down 
and quieted; that the indiscreet lieutenant should be 
removed, that satisfaction should be given to the ag- 
grieved Pima captains, saying that by composing and 
quieting this revolt I should do a thing of much 
honor and glory, to me and to our Lady Mother, the 
Company, etc. But all was no more than a mere chi- 
mera and calumny, as shall be seen in the following 
chapters. 


CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIVE PROOF THAT THERE IS 
NOT THE LEAST TRACE OF THE PRETENDED RE- 
VOLT WHICH WAS REPORTED, EITHER BY THE 
ABOVE MENTIONED CAPTAINS, OR BY ANY OTHER 
OF THIS PIMERIA. THE REFUTATION IS DRAWN 
AND THE CALUMNIOUS FALSITY OF THE AL- 
LEGED REVOLT, AND THE INNOCENCE OF 
THESE PIMA CAPTAINS OF THIS PIMERIA 
ARE SHOWN, FROM THE LETTERS AND 
CERTIFICATIONS OF GENERAL JUAN DE 
RETANA, AS WELL AS THOSE OF THE 
ALCALDE MAYOR OF THIS PROVINCE 


General Juan de Retana, captain of the Presidio of 
San Francisco de Conchos, having come to this prov- 
ince of Sonora, on the twenty-fifth of March wrote 
me the following: 


By Captain Christobal Granillo de Salazar I sent to your 
Reverence and also to the Pima children, and particularly to 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 125 


the chiefs, my very cordial greetings, because I find myself 
engaged in this presidio and province in matters pertaining to 
the service of his Majesty, by order of the most excellent Sefior 
Viceroy, the Duque de Alburquerque.* I thank your Rever- 
ence heartily for the remembrances of the Pimas and also of 
those of the interior, to whom I return them with all affection. 
And because of the news Father Leal gives me, I beseech you 
that when you can, with the zeal which is ever present with 
your Reverence for the service of both Majesties and for the 
good and quietude of those natives, you will despatch on my 
behalf a message to Captain Coro, assuring him on behalf of 
the governor of this kingdom and on mine in his name, that he 
and his shall still be watched over and protected by us. If 
there be any remedy required for any grievance from the 
lieutenant or from other Spaniards, etc., and if it is true that 
some Indians were transferred against their will to another 
pueblo, I am not pleased with the state of things. 


On the second of April the Señor alcalde mayor, 
Don Miguel de Abajo, wrote me the following: 


I have just arrived at this Valley of Bacanuchi, bringing 
with me twelve soldiers, for with the news and letters of the 
very reverend father visitor as well as of other persons, con- 
cerning these countries, it has been necessary for me to leave 
home unseasonably, with distress and disgust enough for the 
great [disturbance] which the report of the revolt of this 
Pima nation has occasioned in all the land. But having ar- 
rived at this valley and found one of your Reverence's letters 
written to General Juan Matheo,* by its news I am very much 
pleased. And because the day after tomorrow I hope to arrive 
to render my obedience to Your Most Reverend Paternity at 
the pueblo of Cocospera, I shall appreciate it 1f your Reverence 
will order Captain Coro summoned, and his chiefs and all the 
other governors, with whom I have a desire to talk, as also to 
see your Reverence with all good health. May our Lord 
preserve it for you. 

97 Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, Duque de Albuquerque, Marqués de 


Cuellar, was viceroy from 1702 to 1711. 
98 Juan Mateo Manje, evidently. 


126 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


And two days afterward, on April 4, his Grace wrote 
me the following: 

I have just arrived at this pueblo of Cocospera, where I 
have received your Reverence's letter; and with that, and 
with seeing the Indians, 1 wish to inform your Reverence that 
I have had especial comfort. 1 am sorry not to have had the 
pleasure of seeing your Reverence, and to obtain this happi- 
ness so much the sooner, I wish your Reverence would grant 
me a favor in behalf of all these soldiers and citizens of the 
Valley of Opodepe and of myself, since, because of my horses’ 
exhaustion and my late arrival, I have not rested, and have 
determined to rest this afternoon; and therefore if tomorrow, 
Palm Sunday, you would do us a favor [by being] at Nuestra 
Señora de los Dolores, I mean Los Remedios, I should have 
more and more spiritual comfort from the mass. Now if we 
could go on to Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores [we should spare 
you] this trouble; but it is impossible. And because we all 
trust in the great charity of your Reverence to grant us this 
favor, we shall pray our Lord to guard us your Reverence many 
years. 

Thus far the Sefior alcalde mayor, and the citizens 
of the Valley of Opodepe, who with the former lieu- 
tenant, Juan Diaz de Teran, also had come in on this 
west side to join him with the soldiers who had come, 
and were to join him on the return from Bazera[ca] 
and Janos to quiet the much talked-of revolt, which 
was found to be chimerical, because, having entered 
Cocospera, I summoned Captain Coro and he came 
immediately with his very friendly people, and with 
Captain Pacheco and the governor of Cocospera. They 
found him there with his people, perfectly quiet, and 
we all came most amicably to spend the Holy Week 
and holy Easter-tide at the pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora 
de los Dolores, which was all celebrated with all solem- 
nity, and with a great concourse of Spaniards and sol- 
diers, as well as of the very numerous people who came 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 127 


from the interior to the Procession of Penitents of 
Holy Week, and to comply with the obligations of the 
Church, etc. And immediately I despatched, with a 
letter from me, the captains who so unjustly had been 
considered as rebels, that they might go personally to 
see the Señor General Juan Fernandez de Retana, as 
they did go;” and his Grace on the twenty-first of 
April wrote me the following: 


Yesterday, the twentieth instant, I received your Reverence’s 
two letters of the seventh and fifteenth, by the captains and 
governors Francisco Pacheco and El Coro, called Antonio 
Leal, by whom I reply to the two above-mentioned letters. I 
appreciate greatly the news which your Reverence is pleased 
to give me, to the effect that all the Pima nation is in all peace 
and quietude. ‘The chiefs, Francisco Pacheco and El Coro, 
give me the same assurance; and without a doubt your Rever- 
ence must have taken great pleasure in the assemblage of the 
Sefior alcalde, the citizens of Opodepe, the soldiers, the numer- 
ous Pimas from round about these pueblos, and the heathen 
from long distances in the interior, for Easter. I thank them 
all for the greetings which they sent me in your Reverence’s 
letter, and to them I beg your Reverence to return them on my 
behalf with all affection; for I will aid them in whatever 
may offer, for the security of both Pacheco and El Coro, 
to whom I have given the advice conducive to their quie- 
tude and continued obedience to his Majesty (God save 
him), giving them the same assurance in behalf of the Sefior 
governor and captain general of this kingdom. We all know 
about most of the many expeditions which your Reverence has 
made to said nation and to others near it, and also of the goodly 
number of which they are composed, and of their disposition to 
receive the water of holy baptism, all results of the great zeal 
and toil of your Reverence for the good of these souls. Like- 
wise I am apprised of the couriers whom your Reverence had 
sent to the nation and captain of Quiquimas who live on the Rio 
Colorado and who sent your Reverence the blue shells from the 
opposite coast, with the news of having discovered a land route 


99 This event is noted by Ortega, Apostélicos Afanes, on page 416. 


128 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


to California, etc., at which I rejoice; and I hope that in the 

Valley of Sonora we shall be able to meet and report, etc. I 

have regaled and bestowed such gifts upon Pacheco and El Coro 

as this remote situation permits; and I only regret that they did 

not find me in my presidio, that I might have made my cus- 

tomary demonstration with such chiefs, regaling them, etc. 

Thus far General Retana; and the said general with 
much charity and with very Christian breeding re- 
galed these two Pima captains, as well as the other sons 
who came in his company, with much clothing, cloth, 
skirts, hats, knives, ribbons, baize, etc., and they re- 
turned very contented, consoled, and edified, they as 
well as all the nation. In many other letters his Grace 
wrote me a thousand courteous things, and said that the 
indiscreet lieutenant should be removed, on account 
of the great importance of obviating chimeras that dis- 
turb the children, as his Grace says, to the hurt of their 
souls, through impeding the coming of the father min- 
isters of the gospel. Besides, there were the juridical 
certifications by the Sefior alcalde mayor and by the 
same lieutenant, of the good state of the Pimeria, and 
that in it there is not the slightest trace of the much and 
falsely talked-of revolt. 


CHAPTER V. LETTERS OF TWO FATHER VISITORS 
WHICH CONFIRM THE ABOVE REFUTATION, 
AND TELL OF THE GOOD STATE OF 
THIS PIMERIA 


With the new government of the Father Provincial 
Juan Maria de Salbatierra came the Father Visitor 
Francisco Maria Picolo to succeed the Father Visitor 
Antonio Leal, both of whom, being very well and very 
truly informed by the royal justices as well as by dif- 
ferent fathers, wrote me the two following letters: The 
Father Visitor Antonio Leal, on the first of April 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 129 


wrote thus from Banamichi, it being already night, he 
said, because the following day*” he was going to cele- 
brate the feast of Our Lady of Sorrows: 


I give your Reverence many and many times repeated thanks 
for this letter containing such good, joyful, and pleasing news, 
for we here and all of the province were greatly concerned 
over what they had written about El Coro. May God recom- 
pense your Reverence and keep El Coro in His holy grace and 
holy faith. The Sefior alcalde mayor writes me that he was 
already sending to remove the lieutenant. The Pimeria being 
quiet, I have no doubt the new Father Visitor, Francisco Maria 
Picolo, who is probably at Matape this Holy Week, will place 
there the two new fathers, although according to the previous 
news that they already have probably arrived at the Real de los 
Frayles, in Sinaloa, they are probably coming with some mis- 
givings. Many times again I thank your Reverence for the very 
good news that so many children are on the point of coming 
to observe Easter with your Reverence, whom our Lord grant 
as joyful and good news as Christmas has given me and as your 
Reverence gives. And I pray you that in your holy sacrifices 
you will commend me to our Lord. Banamichi, April 1, 
Night, etc. 


Thus far Father Visitor Antonio Leal. And the 
new father visitor, Francisco Maria Picolo, from 
Matape on April 14 wrote me the following: 


Today with how great pleasure and comfort I have received 
the two most delightful letters from your Reverence, because of 
the news which they give me of your Reverence's health (may 
our Lord prosper it for you for many happy Easters) and be- 
cause of the pleasure which your Reverence gives me in regard 
to the state of the Pimeria; for the sinister rumors which have 
been current have given me some concern, although 1 had been re- 
assured by the letters of Father Antonio Leal. Now with those 
from your Reverence 1 am consoled, blessed be God; and may 
He grant me the favor of seeing your Reverence in health and 
our Pimeria glad and quiet. In spite of the Devil, who seeks 
confusion, those apostolic missions are going to be founded and 


100 El día siguiente is repeated in the original. 


130 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


advanced. Have fortitude, your Reverence, and patience, for 

I trust in the Lord that all will be adjusted and composed, and 
that the machinations of all Hell against the Pimeria shall not 
prevail.'** “Tomorrow, Wednesday, God willing, I shall go to 
Los Ures. I take that route in order as soon as possible to be 
with your Reverence and with my Father Geronimo Minutuli, 
whom I salute heartily. 

And on April 29 his Reverence writes me from Gue- 

paca the following: ) 

I would fain not write, but instead would speak face to face 
with my beloved Father Eusebio Francisco Kino. I am very 
busy, but I rejoice that my dear Father Geronimo is a bearer of 
news, and that I am apprized of what has happened. God dear- 
ly loves those souls, and the Devil, for all the tumults he stirs 
up, shall not prevail. Father Poni writes that Father Juan 
Maria de Salbatierra will go in June to California, having first 
visited the province. I await General Juan de Retana, who 
has summoned me for the seventh day of March. 


In view of this letter from his Reverence and of an- 
other from General Juan de Retana, I went to the 
Valley of Sonora to meet his Reverence on May 7 and 
to give report of everything and of the pleasing and 
solemn Easter and Holy Week which we had had, and 
of the fathers whom we needed. And they were prom- 
ised to us, but the accustomed and continual opposition 
has prevented their coming to this day, for the space of 
twenty-three years, as I shall set forth in the following 
chapter. 


101 Nom prebaleynti. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 131 


CHAPTER VI. OF THE VERY GREAT AND SERIOUS 
HINDRANCE TO THE WELFARE OF SOULS WHICH 
THE CALUMNIOUS, SINISTER REPORTS AND 
FALSE TESTIMONY HAVE CAUSED IN THE 
NEW CONVERSION 


At the end and conclusion of the preceding Chapter 
Four of this Book One, of this Fourth Part of these 
Celestial Favors, [General Juan Retana] says very 
Christianlike in his most prudent letter, that it is very 
important to obviate chimeras which perturb the chil- 
dren, for, as his Grace in very Catholic fashion says, 
they are a detriment to their souls, and impede the com- 
ing of the ministers of the gospel. And it is the naked 
truth that in the midst of a thousand celestial favors 
which in other ways in these new conquests and new 
conversions our Lord has continually vouchsafed us, 
we have experienced this grievous hindrance that, be- 
cause of these incorrect reports and because of their 
perfidious contradictions and very unjust opposition, 
there have not come to us now during these twenty- 
three years the missionary fathers who are so much 
needed, and whom so many times and so repeatedly the 
higher authorities have promised and even sent us, as 
I shall state: 

I. First, by these chimeras, contradictions, and cal- 
umnious reports of feigned revolts which 1 have just 
related, and which the letters which I cite in these pre- 
ceding chapters mention, they have grievously hindered 
the coming of the two fathers who were sent to us, and 
who, as the letter of the father visitor, Antonio Leal, 
mentions in Chapter III of this Book First, were on 
the way and were already in Juliacan,*” but none of 
whom arrived in the new conversions. 





102 Culiacán. 


132 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


II. It has been said, and it is true, that it is because 
of like contradictions and false reports and law-suits 
which the disaffected have brought against us, that all 
this extensive Pimeria, etc., is not already well settled 
with missionary fathers. 

III. Very many fathers have been sent to us in the 
times of all the father provincials who have held office 
in these twenty-three years, but always the above-men- 
tioned contradictions and the opposition, through the 
false reports of the disaffected, have hindered them. 
Thus the Father Provincial Diego de Almonazir sent us 
seven missionary fathers*” for these new conversions, 
as his Reverence wrote to our Father General Thirso 
Gonzales of Rome, and his Reverence wrote me from 
Rome to these new conversions, but the fathers did not 
arrive here. 

IV. When, thirteen years ago,** I went to Mexico 
to secure fathers for this Pimeria, the father provincial, 
Juan de Palazios, assigned and gave me five fathers, 
and very good hopes that afterward he would send me 
others besides, as soon as they should finish taking or- 
ders and complete the third year of probation, etc. 
But we have remained without them and lack them to 
this day. 

All the other father provincials have sent us mis- 
sionary fathers and have named them for me in their 
holy letters, but they have not arrived here. A few 
years ago a father provincial sent me four new fathers 
at one time for these new conversions,*” who came with 
good fortune as far as Sinaloa and Conicari. The ac- 
customed opposition sent the false reports that Pimeria 
had revolted, as I was informed from Conicari. 


103 See volume i, 116. 
10%In 1695. See volume i, 158-160. 
105 See volume i, 302. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 133 


With regret for so great a misfortune at the time of 
the coming of four missionary fathers, I despatched to 
Conicari a messenger, an eye-witness, who had just 
made with me a journey of a hundred and seventy 
leagues,*” to report that there had not been the least 
trace of the slightest revolt. But meanwhile the four 
fathers had already been assigned to other places there, 
and a report of it had been given to the father provin- 
cial; and, because of the accustomed false reports of the 
continual opposition, none of the four fathers whom 
the father provincial had sent us arrived at these new 
conversions, which need them so much. 

Our Father General Miguel Anjel Tamvurini, in a 
very fine and most courteous letter, which I received 
within the last few months, tells me that for two years he 
has had fathers ready to send to these new conversions, 
but they are detained by the wars and dangers of the 
seas, etc. Notwithstanding, they tell me that some have 
now arrived in Mexico, where already there are persons 
to send, but that the outfit for them for the journey was 
lacking; and we are now arranging here to send some 
mules and some silver to help pay these expenses, for 
here we have missions begun, provided with houses, 
with wheat and maize, cattle, sheep, and goats, etc., and 
lands suitable for breadstuffs, and most fertile, etc. 
And we hope in the very loving and great providence 
of our Lord that in view of the missionary fathers who 
have failed to come hitherto, and since our Lord is 
pleased lavishly to give us harvests so full, so copious, 
and so seasoned, and so ripe, of new nations so exten- 
sive, which spread over two hundred and more leagues 
of this North America, the greatest and most complete 
number will come in His own time. 


106 This was the journey made in September and October, 1700. 


134 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


We were not far wrong, Father Visitor Manuel 
Gonzales and I, when, twenty-two years ago, we said 
that we were going to need fifty missionary father labor- 
ers for these very extensive fields of this North Ameri- 
ca, which we had then seen here; and now, thanks be 
to the lord, we have it very well subdued under our 
hands. And since that time twenty-two years ago 
when from Opossura, the district which said Father 
Manuel Gonzales administers and whither I went to 
see and discuss things with his Reverence, we wrote this 
point to our father general at Rome, and said that in 
His time we should need fifty missionary fathers, it 
appears that, thanks be to the Lord, our desires for the 
most part are being fulfilled; especially since with the 
greatest comfort to us our Father General Anjel Tan- 
burini has just written us that we must not conclude 
that, when in times so depressed our Lord gives us the 
happy discoveries of so many nations and of so many 
souls, it is in order that we shall see them lost, that is, 
condemned, but rather to give us means and forces to 
bring them from their forests and place them in pueb- 
los, with churches, and that they may be saved. 


BOOK II. THE COMING AND VISIT OF THE 
NEW FATHER VISITOR, FRANCISCO 
MARIA PICOLO, TO THESE 
NEW MISSIONS 


CHAPTER I. THE COMING OF THE FATHER VISITOR, 
FRANCISCO MARIA PICOLO, TO THIS FIRST PUEBLO 
OF NUESTRA SENORA DE LOS DOLORES, WHERE 
HE HOLDS THE FEAST OF THE ASCENSION 
OF OUR LORD 


I having gone to the Valley of Sonora, on my return 
the father visitor, Francisco Maria Picolo, came with 
me to this valley of Opodepe and of Nuestra Sefiora de 
los Dolores, and his Reverence, having spent some days 
inspecting the three pueblos of Father Rector Melchor 
de Bartiromo, Opodepe, Tuape, and Cucurpe, he wrote 
me on May 18 the following letter. 

With much pleasure I received the very welcome letter of 
your Reverence, because of the news which it gives me of your 
safe arrival at your holy house and mission. May our Lord 
prosper it for you according to my desires and for the great good 
of those dearly beloved children. I hope to see them Wednes- 
day morning, God willing, and to place myself at your Rev- 
erence’s disposal. I shall set out, then, at Vespers of the 
Ascension of our Lord. 

Accordingly, his Reverence came to this pueblo of 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, where we welcomed 
him with great pleasure and with a great concourse of 
many natives, captains, and governors, some of whom 
had come from far in the interior to the feast of the 
Ascension of Our Lord, on which his Reverence chant- 


136 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


ed the solemn mass, accompanied by the good choir of 
singers which was here. In the chapel he preached to 
the children a fervid sermon in the Pima tongue. We 
discussed the conversion of this extensive nation and of 
its neighbors, and the succor of California, his Rever- 
ence promising us many fathers. His Reverence was 
pleased to see this good and large church with good 
bells and ornaments, a good house, a good garden, etc. 
After three days we went to the neighboring mission of 
San Ygnacio, which then was and still is admin- 
istered by Father Agustin de Campos, who came to 
meet us more than half way. And in his second pueblo, 
that of Santa Maria Magdalena, where he was build- 
ing the church and the house, they welcomed us with 
all kindness. And, I returning to this pueblo of Nues- 
tra Sefiora de los Dolores, the father visitor, with Fa- 
ther Agustin de Canpuz, went fifteen leagues to the west- 
ward to the mission of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tu- 
butama, which was and is administered by Father Ge- 
ronimo Minutil[i], whose second pueblo is Santa Tere- 
ca de Caborca, and whose third is Antonio del Uqui- 
toa. In all these places building was going on, I hav- 
ing undertaken at my charge the building of the church 
of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama because, 
thanks be to the Lord, I had now finished the three 
churches of the three pueblos of my administration. 
From San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama on May 
31 the father visitor wrote me the following letter: 


May our Lord, according to my desires, prosper the health 
of your Reverence, at whose orders mine is ready to serve your 
Reverence. I have received letters from the father provincial, 
and we must have a talk. Father Rector Bartiromo tells me 
that at present the meeting of which we had spoken cannot be 
held, although his Reverence may come for the feast of Corpus 
Christi to Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, and Father Agustin 
will go also. On Wednesday, God willing, we shall be at 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 137 


Santa Magdalena, on our return trip. Father Agustin and 
Father Geronimo salute your Reverence heartily. I shall re- 
joice if your Reverence has held Pentecost with satisfaction. 
So be it for many years, etc. Vale mey memor% ‘Tubutama, 
May 31, 1705. Your Reverence’s humble servant, and alto- 
gether yours, Francisco Maria PicoLo. 
Afterward, his Reverence came to the pueblo of San- 
ta Maria Magdalena, whence on June 3 he wrote to 
me that he, as well as Father Agustin, desired to come 
to see my new churches and to hold the feast of Corpus 
Christi, and he did go to the middle pueblo, which is 
San Ygnacio, and to the third pueblo, which is Sefior 
San Joseph de Ymiris,'” whither I went to meet his 
Reverence, and whence in company with Father Agus- 
tin he came to the second and third pueblos under my 
administration, namely, Nuestra Sefiora de los Reme- 
dios and Santiago (or Nuestra Sefiora del Pilar) de 
Cocospera, where the fathers rejoiced to see the two 
good and spacious new churches, both having tran- 
septs and both of which had been dedicated in the same 
week a little more than a year before.” We came to 
this pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, whither 
came also Father Rector Melchor Bartiromo; and with 
the concourse of many Spaniards besides, who came 
from the neighboring mining camps, and of many na- 
tives from near here and from the interior we held a 
solemn feast and procession of Corpus Christi, with a 
reliquary of gilded silver which in these past years 
Father Phelipe Esgrecho has presented as a gift to this 
new mission of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores. In the 
following year I bought at Matape another very good 
reliquary or ceryl with wheat from this productive 
mission. 
107 “Farewell, do not forget me.” 


108 Ímuris. 
109 See volume ii, 81-83. 


138 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA _ [Vol. 


CHAPTER II. RETURN OF THE FATHER VISITOR TO 
THE VALLEY OF SONORA; AND MOST COUR- 
TEOUS LETTERS WHICH HIS REVERENCE 
AND HIS PREDECESSOR WRITE ME 


After this inspection of these new missions and the 
solemnity of the feast and procession of Corpus Christi, 
the father visitor turned back to Sonora and to the in- 
spection of the other missions of this province, and we 
four fathers set out to hold the same feast on Sunday 
within the octave*® at the neighboring pueblo of 
Cucurpe. Father Agustin and I returning to our 
Pimeria, the father visitor went on to Saracachi, a 
ranch of Cucurpe, whither I sent him some trifles; and 
his Reverence on June 15 wrote me the following let- 
cer: 

I am in receipt of your Reverence’s most welcome letter tell- 
ing of your arrival at your most beautiful mission of Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores, which I bear graven upon my heart, to- 
gether with all the other missions of the Pimeria. May our 
Lord prosper your Reverence’s health for many and great 
things for his greater glory. I am ready to serve your Rever- 
ence in any respect whatsoever, being very grateful to you, not 
so much for favors, caresses, and kindnesses which I have re- 
ceived in those holy houses of your Reverence, as for the love 
which I owe and have in my heart for you; and your Rever- 
ence’s rare and most religious talents deserve it. I received the 
wine and the fruit from the fertile garden; may your Reverence 
live for me many years. Your Reverence’s gifts still accom- 
pany me, and your garden, it seems, follows me with its choicest 
fruits. In truth, its apricots have come to me at Saracachi, 
perhaps for the farewell. 

Thus far the father visitor, Francisco Maria Picolo, 
as he was travelling toward the Valley of Sonora. And 
his predecessor, Father Antonio Leal, on June 27, wrote 
me the following: 

A few days ago I wrote to your Reverence in great haste, 


110 Dominica infra octavam. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 139 


although very gladly, and now I receive the same pleasure and 
comfort both because of what your Reverence wrote you had, 
and because the father visitor told me that all the Pimeria was 
like a peaceful sky, as a volition and a non-volition of all the 
wills of my best-beloved fathers, and that your Reverence was 
very pleased and happy, which in truth has consoled me greatly. 
I hope in God that now the Christian labor of my happy nation 
will make long strides, even though the Devil, who hinders it, 
may seek and find other means and ways, with a view to win- 
ning his point. But I hope in God that nothing will prevail 
but the blood of Christ, shed for that end, and obtained by your 
Reverence’s travails and efforts; and for everything I give your 
Reverence hearty congratulations, and especially for the pleas- 
ing fact that the father visitor has come. And greatly should I 
have rejoiced if your Reverence had been able to come hither. 


Thus far Father Antonio Leal. And as in this in- 
spection of Pimeria by the Father Visitor Francisco 
Maria Picolo, a letter had come to him from the Mari- 
anas Islands with another from Great China, and about 
those missions, I shall give the news, which they con- 
tain, combined in two chapters with the news of these 
new missions here. 


CHAPTER III. LETTERS WHICH ARRIVE AT THE NEW 
PIMA MISSIONS FROM THE MARIANAS ISLANDS ** 
AND GREAT CHINA, AT THE VERY TIME OF 
THIS ABOVE-RELATED VISIT OF THE 
FATHER VISITOR 


Father Antonio Cundari, missionary of the Marianas 
Islands, on May 9 of the preceding year, 1704, wrote 
me ”” the following letter: 

My FarTHER Francisco Marta Picoto, Pax Christi: At 
last, after so many years, I have had the pleasure of seeing the 


111 The same as the Ladrones Islands. For the early work of the Jesuits 
there see Le Gobien (Charles), Histoire des isles Marianes, nouvellement 
converties a la religion chrestienne; & de la mort glorieuse des premiers 


112 The me of the Ms. must be a slip of the pen, for the letter was not 
written to Kino. 


140 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


first letter from one of the many beloved fathers of the province 
of the City of Mexico; and it is your Reverence’s, which I re- 
ceived at the passing of the China ship last year, its date Octo- 
ber 12, 1700. Great was my pleasure at hearing of your Rev- 
erence’s good health and the rewards for your labors in that 
mission, which, it seems, must be a younger daughter of the 
Marianas missions, judging from the opposition and the difficul- 
ties which I with my poor judgment and inexperience met in 
establishing them. I greatly approve of the time which your 
Reverence has considered it expedient to delay the baptisms of 
the adults, in which respect a great mistake was made in those 
missions, and it caused many doubts and great confusion in re- 
moving them. At the same time, we have undeceived ourselves 
in other respects, having seen the inconstancy of the natives, so 
ready to leave everything and return to the same condition, 
particularly when ministers are taken away from them or are 
lacking. I appreciate the news of the fathers of my acquaint- 
ance, with the remembrances of Father Salbatierra and of 
Captain Don Juan Romero, whose memory is not forgotten 
here. We were all rejoiced, and we return them most ten- 
derly. I have written your Reverence’s remembrances to 
Father Muscati, who for some time has been alone in the island 
of Rotas, ministering to those Islanders. After my fashion I 
pass the time in good health (I mean good enough for the min- 
istry) with a touch of a disorder which our Lord has sent upon 
me in my old age, I may say, for I am almost fifty years old, 
which age I never imagined I should reach, because of gall 
stones. 

Some vessels of the natives with a Spanish commander and 
some soldiers have probably set out at this hour from the Barra 
de Agoña,'*?* to make a cruise to the remote Islands of Gañi, 
now depopulated, to make a clean sweep with the people, who 
since then have been known to have hidden or to have returned, 
and who will probably amount to some three hundred souls. 
May our Lord prosper the journey. 

Last year on Holy Thursday, after the sermon of the Pas- 
missionaires que y ont préché la foy (Paris, 1700). Letters dealing with the 
Jesuits in the Marianas Islands are in Stócklein, Der neue Welt-Bott, Theil i, 
98; Theil ii, 1; Theil iii, 1; Theil iv, 1; Theil vii, 3. See also Lettres 
Edifiantes. 

112a A village in Guam. 


two] . EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 141 


sion, Father Basilio, minister of Umata, died, a person of great 
gifts, and singularly meritorious in his relations with this mission, 
and of great virtue. He was succeeded by Father Anttonio de 
Arias,*** who, with two other fathers from Mexico, came in the 
ship for the Philippines; and Father Arias alone remained to 
supply his place. 1 heard from the country-folk, also last year, 
on Corpus Christi day, that the governor having come to in- 
spect the land of Ynsahan, a new church, erected by Father 
Juan Firmaizen, of excellent timber and well made, was con- 
sumed by the fire from a small mortar which was discharged at 
the Gloria; and that the father barely escaped with the reli- 
quary. The misfortune and the loss were very considerable in 
these parts, and especially in the present hard times, owing to 
the tender’s *** not having come from Manila for two years in 
succession, which has caused us many lacks. Captain Romero 
continues to enjoy learning about the country. The married 
soldiers now number a hundred, and there will be a colony of 
half-breeds. A house for the governor is on the point of com- 
pletion, so large that in time of need it will serve as a fort and 
a military plaza for everybody, all of wood and fic, which is 
like iron, and the roof of asbestos, that it may not take fire from 
projectiles. 

A church and a house for the fathers are also being con- 
structed of the same material. “The cows, which are very gen- 
tle, exceed five hundred; there are sufficient oxen for carting, 
horses, she-goats, etc.; and finally, the burros have multiplied to 
such an extent that they are being distributed; and I have 
chanced upon a she-mule, with which I can visit all the eight 
pueblos which I administer within a short distance, without the 
old-time pain of going on foot. 

In this mission there are ten priests, distributed as follows: 
in the Island of Ceypan one, another in Rota, and five in as 
many residences of this Island of Guahan.*** One looks after 
the college for boys and girls, and after the country district. 
The Father Vice-provincial, who at present is Father Gerhardo 
Boubens, is now more than seventy years old, but is stronger 
113 Concerning Father Antonio Arias’s work in Nayarit, Mexico, at a later 

date, see Stócklein, Der neue Welt-Bott, Theil viii, 40. 


114 Patache, a small vessel. 
114a Guam. 


142 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


than all the rest combined. One man, as alcalde, has the im- 
mediate command in each district. All are Spaniards, retired 
from military service, there being no other soldier. ‘The sol- 
diers are all in the capital, the sergeant-major occasionally going 
out with a few to make a turn through the pueblos. I have 
written because I have no other occupation, for all are baptized. 
Help us, your Reverence, to continue advancing them, with 
your holy sacrifices and prayers, to which I commend myself, 
praying our Lord to guard your Reverence for me many years. 
Merizo, May 9, 1704. Your Reverence’s humble servant, 
ANTONIO CUNDARI. ~ 
At this same time also there came to these new mis- 
sions the letter of Father Vanhame,”” the famous mis- 
sionary and mathematician of Great China, which he 
wrote to us, Father Adamo Gilg and the other fathers 
of his acquaintance. A few years ago, when he was 
sent by the superiors from these our new American 
missions of “Tharaumares to the Asiastic mission of 
Great China, he said good-bye by writing me a very 
fine letter, in which he addressed us, the American fa- 
thers, his acquaintances and friends. His Reverence 
gave us to understand that he had arrived in safety in 
that great empire of Great China; that, however, the af- 
fairs of our holy faith had their difficulties and delays, 
both on account of discord with the bishops and the 
ministers of the Propaganda, and because it was neces- 
sary to have some gifts, such as pieces of rich fabric, for 
example, for the mandarins, in order to secure permis- 
sion to preach our holy Catholic Faith. He informed us 
also that what he had accomplished with his great toil 
during all that year, in the space of more than one hun- 
dred and sixty leagues of very populous cities, reduced 
itself to his having converted to our holy Catholic Faith 
and baptized an old Tartar woman. And with reason 
the father visitor, Francisco Maria Picolo, made the 


115 Father Van Hame. See “Index.” 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 143 


remark that here, by the divine grace, in these new 
American conversions, in particular when the necessary 
fathers came, each one will be able to solemnize about 
a thousand baptisms each year; and therefore I shall 
insert the following chapter. 


CHAPTER IV. COMPARISON OF THESE NEW AMERI- 
CAN MISSIONS OF THIS UNKNOWN NORTH 
AMERICA WITH THE ASIATIC MISSIONS 
OF THE MARIANAS ISLANDS AND OF 
GREAT CHINA 


Although, as the saying goes, omnis comparatio est 
odiosa,” my intention here is only to compare some 
celestial favors over here with those which also our 
Lord concedes over there, for, as all come from one 
most divine hand, all are very friendly, and without 
the least mingling of hatred, or jealousy, or bitterness ; 
and the greatness and glory of so many and so apostolic, 
heroic, and holy Asiatic missions with so many and 
glorious martyrs and most sublime triumphs of our 
Holy Catholic Faith, are always very well known, very 
undeniable, and very enviable; and to us will remain 
only the very just and useful command, Emulamini 
carismata meliora,™ and the desire and prayer that 
also to these extensive new harvests the necessary labor- 
ers may come, seeking the fulfillment of the obligation 
which belongs to us all: Rogate Dominum messts ut 
mitat operarios in messem suam,”* and quia parvuli pe- 
tierunt panem et non erat qui frangeret ets.” 

We have then: J. The greater opportunity and 


116 “Every comparison is odious.” 

117 “Be zealous for the better gifts” (1 Cor., xii, 31. Aemulamini autem 
charismata meliora). 

118 “Pray ye the Lord of the harvest that he send laborers into His har- 
vest” (Luke, x, 2. Rogate ergo, etc.). 

119 “Because the little ones have asked for bread and there was none to 
break it unto them” (Lam., iv, 4). 


144 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


the greater nearness of these new conquests and new 
conversions and new American missions of this un- 
known North America to Europe, to Cadiz, to Seville, 
Madrid, Paris, and Rome; and they may serve as a 
port of call on the way to the very great Asiatic mis- 
sions of the Marianas Islands of Great China, and, 
when God is willing, to those of Japan and Great Tar- 
tary, etc., just as the new conquests and new conversions 
of New France, being farther eastward, will be able to 
aid these our more western ones by land, and then the 
triumphal car of our Holy Catholic Faith will travel 
with the sun from east to west, until by the divine grace, 
all the world shall be converted, Et fiat unum ovile et 
unus Pastor,” and we shall say with the royal prophet, 
pleased, and contented, and happy, Domine Dominus 
noster, quam admirabile est nomen tuum in universa 
terra” and Anunciate inter Gentes gloriam etus in 
omnibus populis mirabilia ejus. try 

IT. In these new conversions we have many tem- 
poral means and conveniences, for, with his celestial 
favor our Lord is giving us every day with full hands 
so many provisions, wheat, maize, beans, etc.; lands 
as fertile for everything as the best of Europe; Indians, 
industrious, docile, and affable, and now, 

ITI, very friendly, so that the father visitor, Anttonio 
Leal, was accustomed to say, as he wrote me in a letter 
of his, 

We fathers of the Company of Jesus always seek lost souls in 

all the world; and now that in these new conversions they seek, 


call, and pray with insistence, it will be a shame if we do not 
hear them. 


120 “And let there be one fold and one Shepherd” (John, x, 16). 

121 “Lord, our Lord, how admirable is Thy name in all the Earth!” 
(Psalm viii, 1). 

122 “Declare his glory among the Gentiles, his wonders among all peoples” 
(Psalm xcv, 3). 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 145 


IV. It is necessary for the missionary fathers to re- 
gale the mandarin in Great China with various gifts 
and presents in return for permission to preach our Holy 
Catholic Faith, whereas, as Father Daniel Angel, who 
was rector, visitor, and missionary of Matape (the com- 
mission as provincial which came to him from Rome 
found him dead) was accustomed to say, when some 
nations had failed to secure the fathers whom they re- 
quested, here they asked him, as they have asked me, 
how much a father would cost, in order that, as in their 
simple discourse they put it, with the silver which with 
their maize and mines they might assemble, they could 
buy a missionary father, to baptize them and minister 
to them for their eternal salvation. 

V. The Indians of these new American conversions 
of this North America, because of not having other 
ministers, are like a blank tablet, or white paper, on 
which with ease one may write or paint any good thing 
whatsoever, or imprint the good teaching of our Holy 
Catholic Faith, whereas the people of Great China and 
Japan are like a paper already written upon with the 
evil teaching of their priests, and which, before it is 
cleansed of blots, usually costs centuries of impos- 
sibilities, as we have experienced. 

VI. In Japan they have the gates cruelly shut 
against our holy Catholic Faith, wishing that in order 
to enter to preach it we should tread under foot a Holy 
Christ; while in the new conversions here they come 
to hurl themselves at our gates to ask for the holy faith, 
and holy baptism, and preachers of the gospel, with all 
humility and with insistence, traveling for this purpose 
one hundred, one hundred and fifty, three hundred, and 
more leagues. 

VII. In Great China and Japan with resistance so 
great for so many years, they have their gates, their 


146 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


cities, and their houses closed to the preaching of the 
- gospel; while here in the new conquests and new con- 
versions, where I am writing this, even the natives from 
far in the interior, voluntarily come to call us and to 
invite us in the most friendly manner, except when we 
enter to see them in their rancherias, and even while 
they are still heathen they receive us with all kindness, 
with crosses placed on the roads, with which they put 
to flight the devils, and with festive arches, and with 
dances and singing, and provisions, with the greatest 
generosity and most singular love and desire to be 
Christians. I do not claim for this reason that the very 
evangelical holy Asiatic conversions of Great China of 
the Marianas Islands, Japan, etc., shall not be carried 
on with the accustomed holy fervor of the heroes so 
apostolic of so many centuries, but my desire is and shall 
be Haec facere et tlla non omitere.”* 


CHAPTER V. LETTERS OF THE FATHER VISITOR, 
FRANCISCO MARIA PICOLO, FROM OPOSURA AND 
MATAPE, WITH NEWS THAT THE FATHER PRO- 
VINCIAL JUAN MARIA DE SALVATIERRA GOES 
FROM MEXICO TO CALIFORNIA 


Father Francisco Maria Picolo, having departed 
from the inspection of this rectorate, or mission, of 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, and having gone on 
inspecting the mission, or rectorate, of San Francisco 
Xavier of the Valley of Sonora, and having passed on 
to the inspection of the mission, or rectorate, of the 
Holy Martyrs of Japan,'”* wrote me from Oposura, on 
July 24, the following letter: 

With much pleasure and comfort, as always, I received the 
very welcome letter from your Reverence with the news of your 
good health. May our Lord prosper it for your Reverence, ac- 
cording to my desires and according as that blessed Pimeria 


123 ““To do this and not to omit that.” 
124 Los Santos Martires de Japón. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 147 


needs the person and presence and apostolic zeal of my well- 

beloved Father Kino. Although far from Pimeria, I am there 

in heart, and O that my necessary occupations would permit me 

to labor and aid your Reverence in something! The will of the 

Lord be done, etc. 

And when his Reverence arrived afterwards in his 
holy inspection at the mission, or rectorate, of San Fran- 
cisco de Borxa, he wrote me the following from Matape 
on August 29: 

I shall rejoice if your Reverence has had a joyful feast of 

Our Lady of the Assumption, in company with the children 

from the interior and from the outside. May you be spared for 

many feasts of the great Lady. God willing, I shall set out from 

San Joseph de Guaimas after the feast of the Nativity of Mary 

Most Holy. And, although there is no news from the father 

provincial, I always hold it for his Reverence in California 

throughout September. What the father provincial requires of 

me is a little flour, which our California needs at present. I 

salute your Reverence’s governors and all the children. God 

grant me grace to return as soon as possible to see them all and 
your Reverence in perfect health, and may you be so for many 
long years, etc. 

And when his Reverence arrived afterwards at the 
mission, or rectorate, of our Holy Father San Ygnacio 
de Hiaqui, from San Joseph de Guaymas, his Rever- 
ence, in the postscript of Father Provincial Juan Maria 
de Salvatierra, writes me these words: 

I send this letter of the provincial which he writes me now from 

California, whither I shall soon go, Deo Favente,*?* to be with 

his Reverence to give praise. 

Thus far the letter of Father Visitor Francisco Maria 
Picolo. And I sent this year, as every year, thanks be 
to the Lord, fifteen loads of flour, with other trifles, of 
what our Lord is pleased to give us in these new Pima 
conversions; and I place the letter from the father pro- 
vincial in the following chapter. 


125 “God willing.” 


148 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER VI. ARRIVAL OF FATHER PROVINCIAL 
JUAN MARIA DE SALVATIERRA FROM MEXICO IN 
CALIFORNIA, AND A LETTER WHICH HIS 
REVERENCE WRITES ME OF THIS EVENT 


As soon as the father provincial, Juan Maria de Sal- 
vatierra, arrived from Mexico in California, although 
no one ever heard that another father provincial had so 
apostolically come to such remote new missions, his 
Reverence wrote to the fathers that which he imparts 
to me, with his accustomed very great generosity, in the 
Italian tongue. He was pleased to write me on August 
30 and I received it on September 17, day of the Most 
Holy Stigmata of the Seraphic San Francisco, great 
favorite of the most glorious apostle of the Indies, San 
Francisco Xavier. It is as follows: 


I have received all your Reverence’s letters; and remember, 
your Reverence, that Si Deus pro nobis quis contra nos? *?8 
And in everything, 41 nostro buen Gest, e no pensi a pit. Ama 
Dio e no fallire, fa pur bene e lacia dire, lacia dire chi dir vuole, 
fa pur bene di buon cuore.*?? 1 have received the table of con- 
tents of the relations of the expeditions which your Reverence 
has made in these new lands and new nations, as our father 
general asks it of your Reverence, and it is good. I thank your 
Reverence for the gift for the poor province. May God recom- 
pense your Reverence therefor. ‘This note and letter are for 
the father visitor, Manuel Pineyro, and the other letters for me. 
And God will recompense your Reverence for the aid for these 
poor fathers, whom I should have found dead of hunger and 
other travails if I had not arrived in person. 


Thus far the father provincial, Juan Maria de Sal- 
vatierra, who afterwards, with his paternal and great 


126 “Tf God be for us, who can be against us?” (Romans, viii, 31). 

127 “Think on our good Jesus and think not of aught else. Love God and 
do not sin. Do good and let him speak, let him speak who wishes to speak, 
and do good with ready heart.” It is not quite clear whether the Ms. reads 
Al nostro buen Gesú or Al nostro buen pensi. I have accepted the former 
reading. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 149 


prudence and his holy zeal, set in order many things, 
in California as well as in these missions of Sonora and 
Cinaloa; and more and more aid in the way of provi- 
sions and everything kept coming to the fathers of Cali- 
fornia, so that even Father Geronimo Minutuli, new 
missionary of the very new mission of San Pedro y San 
Pablo, sent his loads of wheat and flour from here to 
Hiaqui for California. But, although there were a few 
persons concerned in this matter, others were less inter- 
ested in this pious succor of California, yet our Lord with 
his very great loving kindness never allowed what was 
necessary to fail. At this same time, on August 15, the 
father rector of the mission of Our Holy Father Ygna- 
cio de Hyaqui, wrote me the following letter: 


I have received the fifteen loads of wheat, for which I thank 
your Reverence beyond measure; and I can say with truth that 
it is through your Reverence that I eat bread this year. May 
our Lord be your recompense, etc. 


CHAPTER VII. LETTERS FROM THE VERY REVEREND 
FATHER KNIGHT COMMANDER, FRAY NICOLAS BER- 
NARDO DE RAMOS, FATHER RECTOR PEDRO YGNACIO 
DE LOYOLA, AND CAPTAIN DON MIGUEL DE 
TURIZES Y CANO, WHICH, WRITTEN IN DIF- 
FERENT PLACES, ARRIVE AT THE SAME 
TIME IN SUPPORT OF THESE NEW 
CONVERSIONS 


The Very Reverend Father Fray Nicolas Bernardo 
de Ramos, knight-commander of his holy convent of 
Teocoaltichi, of the Sacred Order of Nuestra Sefiora 
de la Merced, Redemption of Captives, on the twenty- 
fifth of July of this year, 1705, wrote me the following 
letter: 


I have received with due appreciation your Reverence’s letter 
which Fray Francisco Ruiz de Belmar *?* brought, its date May 





128 Concerning Fray Ruiz de Belmar see volume i, 109; volume ii, 76-77. 


150 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





30, 1704, and I rejoice heartily at your good health. May our 
Lord prosper it for many years. It brings comfort in regard 
to all your children in that mission, and the increase of Chris- 
tianity in those extensive parts and nations, for it has been very 
pleasing to me to see the desires which they manifest (as your 
Reverence tells me) to receive holy baptism, and the need there 
is of laborers in proportion to the great harvest. May our 
Lord move the hearts of the superiors to make provision in a 
matter and business of so great importance, for which I, al- 
though sinful, will pray and clamor to His Divine Majesty, as is — 
my duty, and the fathers of this your convent will do the same, 
for it is in this that we can aid your Reverence and your good 
desires; O that God may hear us! 

I am very grateful for your Reverence’s favors, the bezoar 
and the mule, but I am very much ashamed that without my 
having deserved it or served you you treat me so liberally. 
These favors remain deeply imprinted upon my memory and I 
shall serve you, and so in the little which my poor person may 
avail, I shall greatly appreciate your Reverence’s setting me to 
work with the frankness of father to son, and you shall be 
obeyed with the exactitude which my great obligation requires, 
for thus your Reverence honors so greatly my religion. For 
there is no religious who goes to those districts that does not ex- 
perience it; even we who live far away also experience it; and 
for the honors which your Reverence does Fray Francisco Ruiz 
de Belmar I must return you due thanks, etc. 


Thus far Father Knight Commander Fray Nico- 
las Bernardo de Ramos, asking that I baptize him 
many Bernardos. Father Rector Pedro Ygnacio de 
Loyola, master of our novices in the City of Mexico, 
on September 21 wrote me the following letter: 


Your Reverence, having a father provincial all Pima and all 
missionary, will, no doubt, secure whatsoever you may desire 
for the great good of those your beloved missions. I received 
a letter from your Reverence at Easter, but I have not seen the 
other to which your Reverence refers; neither have I ever seen 
the index, or compendium, of the Relation; but quid quid sit.*?? 


129 “Whatever is is right.” 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 151 





Let me say, Father, that with all truth your Reverence will 
have me at your service, although, as 1 have said, Father Juan 
Maria de Salvatierra being provincial, little intervention will be 
necessary now; for our Reverence's zeal, so well known, being 
combined with such detailed reports of those nations, all the 
missionary fathers may promise themselves happy success in all 
their affairs, etc. 


Thus far the Father Rector Ygnacio de Loyola. The 
captain, advocate, and licentiate, D. Miguel de Turices 
y Cano, who was sent by the Señor viceroy of this New 
Spain from Mexico on business of this province of So- 
nora, from the Real de San Juan Bauptista on Septem- 
ber 30 wrote me the following letter: 


Before entering this real, and while many leagues from it, I 
learned how much your Reverence has labored and labors in 
seeking souls for the Lord, and the good which your pious and 
Christian zeal is accomplishing; and I hope in God that He 
will long spare you that you may see all those poor dear crea- 
tures reduced to our holy Catholic Faith. And so I said that 
nothing more was necessary than a hint and, in so far as I may 
be of use, I would serve your Reverence in what you might 
command me. And as soon as our Lord permits me, I shall re- 
port at Mexico to the superiors in regard to your Reverence, 
with great emphasis, and in particular to his Excellency, who, I 
should think, will listen to me, and will rejoice in the docility 
of these poor creatures, and at the fact that they clamor to re- 
ceive holy baptism. And your Reverence may be assured that 
the letters which have been written have not been given to his 
Excellency, nor has the notice come to him; for since his royal 
Majesty charges in repeated laws the propagation of our holy 
Faith among these heathen for the extirpation of their infidelity, 
I doubt not he by now would have been ready with the aid so 
insisted upon and so desired by your Reverence. But I hope in 
God that it will be granted very shortly, for I shall inform his 
Excellency of everything with great detail, and to him, if it shall 
be necessary, I shall show your Reverence’s letter. Besides this, 
I shall tell what I have seen personally. And since some re- 
ports current in Mexico are contrary to what your Reverence 


152 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


says in your letter, when it is seen by his Excellency from the 
report which 1 shall make to him, I think that God will grant 
that what your Reverence so much desires shall be accomplished. 
And I pray His Divine Majesty to let me place myself at your 
Reverence’s feet, etc. 


Thus far Captain Don Miguel Turices y Cano. 
Besides the three above mentioned letters which 
came at this same time from the outside, here in this 
same rectorate Father Rector Melchor de Bartiromo 
wrote me in this month of September the following: 


I have already requested fathers for these new conversions, and 
now I shall again ask them, with all assiduity and emphasis, 
and I shall write in favor of our Pima children, as an eye- 
witness of the fact that they have come to ask fathers, etc. 


Thus the father rector. 


CHAPTER VIII. LETTER WHICH THE FATHER PRO- 
VINCIAL, JUAN MARIA DE SALVATIERRA, WRITES 
ME AT HIS DEPARTURE FROM CALIFORNIA 
ON HIS RETURN TO MEXICO 


When the very grave affairs of the province of New 
Spain called the father provincial, Juan Maria de Sal- 
vatierra, from California to Mexico, his Reverence 
wrote me from Nuestra Sefiora de Loreto Concho on 
October 15 the following letter: 


Your Reverence’s two letters, one of the first and the other 
of the nineteenth of September, I have received with much 
pleasure and comfort in this Real de Loreto, and greater 
pleasure has been given me by the reports which the visitor, 
Francisco Maria Picolo, made me, of the good state of these 
missions of the Pimeria, of the labors which have been and are 
being performed therein, and of the harmony and charity with 
which at present the fathers thereof deal one with another. For 
this I have given thanks, hoping now that each day we may 
make progress, because, all being united in God for one and the 
same end, one can better advance the service of God and the 
welfare of souls. And, moreover, finding these so disposed as 
your Reverence signifies to me in both letters, I give thanks to 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 153 


God and to the indefatigable application and zeal of your Rev- 
erence, which extends to the spiritual and the temporal, as well 
for the welfare of those poor creatures as for the aid of the 
Californias. These now have fathers as far as the places which 
they call Las Virgenes, thus drawing each day nearer on the 
north, whereby in part can be facilitated what your Reverence 
so greatly has desired, and I at present, of continuing along that 
route the journey to the Rio de la Azencion. 

In future, as circumstances may offer, your Reverence may 
communicate with the father visitor, who, as one who keeps in 
mind all the present circumstances and those which may arise, 
will give the necessary counsel. I thank your Reverence for 
the flour which your Reverence sends here, and for the codpera- 
tion which Father Rector Melchor de Bartiromo has lent in 
this region, for whom I desire all happiness and relief. The 
fathers over here, who recognize your Reverence as their bene- 
factor and apostolic model in your indefatigable labors, salute 
your Reverence. I am now on the point of setting out for 
Mexico, where, according to the mood in which I find the 
Sefior viceroy, I shall treat of the promotion of these new con- 
versions, because with these wars and the suspension of news 
from Spain he usually has his difficulties. I desire nothing else 
than the progress, in the undertaking so noble and profitable, of 
these new conversions, etc. 


Thus far Father Provincial Juan Maria de Salva- 
tierra. 


CHAPTER IX. LAST LETTERS WHICH AT THE END 
OF THIS YEAR 1705 FOUR DIFFERENT PERSONS 
WRITE ME, WITH NEWS OF AFFAIRS OF 
CALIFORNIA AND OF THIS SIDE 


The father rector of Matape, Marcos Anttonio Cap- 
pus, on October 4 and 21 wrote me the following: 

Our father provincial, Juan Maria de Salvatierra, is prob- 
ably now on his way to Mexico, having embarked for Matan- 
chel, as we are told by Father Rector Adamo Gilg who has 
just come from California; and Father Visitor Francisco Maria 
Picolo remains now in Beleem, of Hyaqui, whence he will pass 


154 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


to Tepague, and by way of Movas and Onabas will come to 
Matape, to equip himself to continue the inspection of the east. 
Brother Jaime Bravo, whom the deceased father visitor-general, 
Manuel Pineyro, brought from Spain, and whom the father 
provincial took to California, remains there looking after the 
temporal matters. “Two Californian boys died of smallpox in 
Mexico, under the care of the father provincial. Captain Juan 
Bauptista de Escalante will return to these regions, because the 
former captain of California, Estevan Rodrigues, came with the 
father provincial, confirmed by his Excellency, etc. 


NOVEMBER 13. Thus far the father vice-rector, 
Marcos Antonio Kappus. Father Geronimo Minutili, 
from his new mission of San Pedro y San Pablo del 
Tubutama, on November 13 wrote me the following: 


I am very grateful to your Reverence for the great generos- 
ity which your Reverence shows me each day; may God recom- 
pense your Reverence therefor once and a thousand times. 
Now, only thirty-eight of the forty head of cattle which were 
sent have arrived, because two remained on the road, one ex- 
hausted and the other having fled. I have received the baize 
which the caporal brought to buy maize for the building of the 
church, and the other cloth for the other fanegas, which have 
been bought, and are being consumed by those who are making 
adobes. I thank your Reverence heartily for everything, as 
also for the guazinques, or carpenters, who are now cutting the 
timbers. One of them has charge of the hauling and an- 
other is going to bring the other carpenter’s tools, which they 
lack. Also, I am very grateful for the coming of your Rev- 
erence’s alcalde, who is overseer of the adobes. I pray that 
your Reverence will come as soon as possible. “The case is 
urgent, for I am expecting many people from the rancherias 
near by to make many adobes, etc. And I pray your Reverence 
to please let me know what number we must provide, and that 
you may come in person, which I greatly desire, so that through 
your presence and authority and the love which the children 
have for you the work may proceed with zeal. 


NOVEMBER 18. Thus far Father Geronimo. Fa- 
ther Antonio on November 18 wrote me the following: 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 155 


I owe your Reverence thanks for many things; first and prin- 
cipally for the very great charity which your Reverence is be- 
stowing upon Father Geronimo. It can not be denied that well 
says the prayer of San Geronimo and of Heronimus, son of 
Eusebius.1°° Regarding both laborers and cattle, provisions, 
clothing, etc., and for your personal work in his aid, your 
works, your practical charity, may God recompense your Rev- 
erence, etc. 

Thus far Father Antonio Leal. The captain and 
advocate, Don Miguel de Torizes y Cano, on December 
4 asked me for a map of these new nations in order to 
report to Mexico in favor of these new conversions, in 
order that the laborers so necessary may be sent to us. 
In view of that and other reports some were sent to us, 
but always with the accustomed contradictions, and at 
times with the dearth of missionaries, we have kept on 
asking and supplicating Dominum messis, ut mitat 
operarios in messem suam*” that our Lord may be 
pleased, when it is most expedient, to aid us with the 
laborers necessary for the total conversion of all this 
North America and of all the universe. 


130 Heussebi filius, 
131 “Supplicating the Lord of the harvest that he send laborers into His 
field” (Luke, x, 2. Rogate ergo Dominum messis ut mittat operarios in 


messem suam). 


BOOK III. NEW CONQUESTS AND NEW 
CONVERSIONS OF THE YEAR 1706, IN 
PARTICULAR THROUGH TWO EXPEDI- 
TIONS, OR MISSIONS, TO THE COASTS 
OF THE SEA OF CALIFORNIA 


CHAPTER L A);VERY RECENT (LETTER) FROMP TEE 
FATHER VISITOR, FRANCISCO MARIA PICOLO, 
WHICH, WITH ANOTHER SOMEWHAT EARLIER 
FROM OUR FATHER GENERAL, THYRSO 
GONZALES, INSPIRES US TO PERSEVERE 
IN THESE NEW CONVERSIONS 


On January 19 of this year 1706, the father visitor, 
Francisco Maria Picolo, wrote me from Batuco the 
following letter: 


I have received two most pleasing letters from your Rev- 
erence, with appreciation and pleasure, as always. May our 
Lord grant your Reverence perfect health, and that you may be 
on the eve of the fulfillment of your great and apostolic de- 
sires. I should like to serve your Reverence with a muleteer 
on your apostolic journeys, as I hope they will be, leaving that 
happy and very glorious Pimeria well provided with apostolic 
men, like those who at present work in that vineyard of the 
Lord.. And, those missions being the gateway to nations and 
peoples so extensive, it is mecessary, my best beloved Father 
Eusebio, to put all our care upon them, and afterwards, God 
giving us life, to pass on, and die toiling for God and the wel- 
fare of those souls, whom I love more than myself. I heartily 
salute all your Reverence’s children, and I would personally 
shed all my blood for them and for those poor heathen who live 
so far distant. But your Reverence will see them and they 
will come to see your Reverence and ask of you holy baptism. 
Although I realize and confess that His Divine Majesty is not 


EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 157 


pleased with my labors nor with my blood, so ill have I fulfilled 
and now fulfill my vocation, God grant me His grace that 
apostolic missionaries may come and that they may do what I, 
although useless, desire and have desired to do. May Mary 
Most Holy recompense your Reverence for your generosity and 
care in helping the poor fathers of California, all of whom 
salute your Reverence, and are very grateful to you. From 
Santa Maria de Bazeraca I would fain return to those glorious 
missions of the Pimeria, yet I do not know whether I can do so 
or not. 


Thus far the father visitor, Francisco Maria Picolo. 
And just at the time when I am writing this Book II 
of this Part IV of the Celestial Favors, almost by 
chance I come upon the holy letter of our father gen- 
eral, Thyrso Gonzales, which, although somewhat old, 
gives us all very singular stimulus for a thousand good 
things. It being dated in Rome, December 27, 1698, 
is of the following tenor: 


I have received a letter from your Reverence dated June 3, 
1697, with the extraordinary pleasure with which I always re- 
ceive and read your letters, always full of matters for rejoicing, 
because our Lord coóperates in your labors for the extension of 
our holy faith among those Pimas, as is seen in the seven 
churches which are being built for the missions or pueblos which 
had newly been formed and assembled in the faith. Blessed be 
God that He thus bestows His blessing upon your Reverence’s 
labors. Although your Reverence was ready to go to the Cali- 
fornias with Father Juan Maria de Salbatierra, yet by later 
letters which I have from Mexico I have learned that it has not 
been possible for your Reverence to go now to the Californias, 
because your Reverence’s presence has been adjudged necessary 
to pacify the revolted nations near by and to see to it that some 
of the Pimas, as recent converts, do not follow the bad example 
of the others. I hope that all will have been pacified and that 
your Reverence will have had an opportunity of following the 
footsteps of Father Salbatierra. I grant your Reverence the 
license which you ask, to spend six months of the twelve in the 
year in the Californias and the other six among the Pimas, be- 


158 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


cause it seems to me very expedient for the conservation and 
promotion of both missions that you do so; and I am writing to 
Father Visitor Juan Maria de Salbatierra that your Reverence 
may do whatever you may judge best for the stable conservation 
of that mission of the Californias, because from the prudence 
and experience of you both I am sure you will most certainly 
provide what is most expedient. 

‘The map of that country of the Pimas where the servant of 
God, Father Francisco Xabier de Saetta, was murdered by the 
heathen, which your Reverence sent me with this letter, has ar- 
rived, but the eulogy, or life, which your Reverence com- 
posed 18 has not come, nor the deeds, etc. The reason plainly 
is that the coming of Brother Simon de Castro to Spain having 
been countermanded, it was necessary that a little box should go 
back from Bera Cruz to Mexico. I hope that they will send 
everything on the first occasion. The map shall be taken care 
of so that if the life is printed, the map may be also. 

Your Reverence says that three of the principal caciques or 
petty kings, captains of the Pimas, were offering to send some 
alms for the sepulcher of our Father San Ygnazio; and I know 
not what to say, save that Father Kino thinks on all good, and 
that he has his holy Father very much at heart. Know, 
your Reverence, for your comfort, that the altar and sepulcher 
of our Holy Father is advancing well, and will be as splendid 
as anything of the sort in Rome. ‘The cost is very great, the 
sum already expended exceeding a hundred thousand crowns. 
I send your Reverence the sketch and the description of what it 
contains, etc. 


Thus far the letter of our Father General Thirzo 
Gonzales, who has always encouraged us greatly in 
these new conversions. And with these two letters, 
to which this chapter refers, we were animated, Father 
Geronimo and I, to the journey, or mission, which we 
made, of more than a hundred leagues to the southwest 
or between south and west, to the new land of the coast 
of the Sea of California, as I shall relate in the follow- 
ing chapters. 


132 For a reference to this work see volume i, 130. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 159 


CHAPTER II. EXPEDITION OR MISSION OF MORE 
THAN A HUNDRED LEAGUES TO THE NEW HEA- 
THENDOM OF THE SOUTHWEST,* OF THE SEA 
OF CALIFORNIA, AND THE JOURNEY OF 
FATHER DOMINGO CRESCOLI TO HIS 
NEW MISSION OF LA CONZEPCION 


On the occasion when the superiors sent us Father 
Domingo Crescoli, who was assigned to the new mis- 
sion of Nuestra Señora de la Concepzion del Caborca, 
and father provincial, Juan Maria de Salbatierra, ap- 
pointed me procurator of these new missions of this 
Pimeria, in the middle of January, on going to place 
this new laborer in his new mission, passing by the 
mission of San Y gnazio, where Father Agustin de Can- 
puz is, we passed also by the mission of San Pedro y 
San Pablo del Tibutama, where Father Geronimo Min- 
utili was, and who many days before had desired to 
make with me a mission, or expedition, to the new 
heathen and new lands farther in the interior. 

On this occasion we both went down twenty-two 
leagues with Father Domingo Crescoli to leave him in 
his new mission of Nuestra Señora de la Concepzion 
del Caborca, where we were welcomed with all pleas- 
ure on the part of the more than a thousand Indians, as 
well as on ours. They were waiting with arches and 
crosses placed along the roads, and had ready a house 
in which to live, a church which the venerable servant 
of God, Father Francisco Xabier de Saetta had built, 
with foundations and walls of the sanctuary, the altar 
of a great and very capacious church, with the good 


133 Ortega describes this journey in Apostélicos Afanes on page 320. See 
Bancroft, North Mexican States, vol. i, sor, where he says that Kino “was 
perhaps half way between Libertad and Tepoca, though he called the latitude 
3r°.” A hundred leagues would have taken Kino to Guaymas, which he did 
not reach. From the description of the island it might be Tiburon. He was 
among the Seris, of which the Tepocas were a branch. 


160 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


and large hall, store room, bakery, oven, kitchen, be- 
ginnings of a garden, with maize ready for harvest, a 
good field of wheat sown and sprouted, and also cattle, 
sheep and goats, saddle-horses, droves of mares, etc. 
We solemnized many baptisms of little ones and adults, 
CIC, 

Having delivered this new mission to Father Do- 
mingo Crescoli, Father Geronimo and I undertook 
another mission, to the part and district and heathen- 
dom which appeared to us the newest and most needy, 
and whither as yet no white man, perhaps, had ever 
entered. Having sent friendly Christian messages and 
guides in advance, on January 19 we also set out with 
our servants to the southwest, or between south and 
west, Father Geronimo and I, and, travelling more 
than a hundred leagues over many level plains, peopled 
with many heathen Pimas in the neighborhood of the 
other heathen, we arrived at the very Sea of California, 
and even caught sight of the mountains of California. 
On this journey or mission we found more than fifteen 
hundred Indians, very affable and gentle; for many of 
them had in these preceding years come to us at Nues- 
tra Sefiora de la Concepzion del Caborca, and some 
had come even to Nuestra Señora de los Dolores. Ev- 
erywhere they received us with all friendliness, in 
many places with crosses and arches placed along the 
roads and with little houses provided in which to live 
and say mass with decency. And we having in all parts 
preached the principal mysteries of our Holy Faith, 
they promised us what we counseled and asked of them, 
namely, that inasmuch as these coasts were somewhat 
sterile, they should go to live in the very fertile and 
very convenient fields of Nuestra Sefiora de la Concep- 
cion, since now we had brought them a father mis- 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 161 


sionary. They gave us many infants and some sick 
adults to baptize. And as, even without this, most of 
these natives, called by the justices of La Concepzion 
de Caborca, had come to the tasks of sowing, harvest- 
ing, and building at La Concepcion, they agreed that 
little by little they would join themselves completely 
to said settlement, or mission, of Nuestra Sefiora de la 
Concepcion. 


CHAPTER III. DISCOVERY OF THE NEW ISLAND OF 
SANTA YNES, AND OF THE NEW CAPE OF SAN 
VIZENTE, ON THE GULF OF THE SEA OF CAL- 
IFORNIA, IN LATITUDE THIRTY-ONE 
DEGREES NORTH 


Father Geronimo Minutili, having labored with much 
fervor in this expedition, afterward gave an account 
of our mission, or journey, to the fathers of California. 
God granted that jointly we should discover in this lati- 
tude thirty-one in this Gulf of the Sea of California a 
great island, which must be about three leagues in 
width from east to west, and about seven or eight 
leagues in length from north to south, and no more 
than about six or seven leagues from this our terra 
firma, or coast. Because we discovered this new is- 
land on the twenty-first of January, we named it the 
Island of Santa Ynes.*** 

To the northwest of this island of Santa Ynes about 
three leagues we very plainly discovered, on the next 
day, January 22, from a slight elevation, another large 
piece of land, apparently a part of California. Al- 
though we were in some doubt whether it was also 
an island or land contiguous and continuous, or main- 
land, with California itself, we concluded that it must 





13% Apparently Tiburon Island. To this day a bay and a point on the 
coast near this island bear the name of Kino. 


162 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


be that part of California which, as Captain Fran- 
cisco de Ortega states in one of his relations, extends 
in these places very far toward the east and toward 
these coasts of New Spain. We saw that it was no 
more than nine or ten leagues from us. What we knew 
to be very certain from all the surrounding natives, 
now, in this journey, as well as on many other occasions 
when we have inquired of these Pimas and maritime 
Zeris, with repeated and minute examinations of this 
Gulf of California, was and is that all this point and its 
environs are very thickly settled with many people, for 
by night fires are continually seen from this side, and by 
day their smoke. As we discovered this point, so near 
by, on January 21, day of the Glorious San Vizente, we 
named it the Point or Cape of San Vizente, with apol- 
ogies to the inhabitants and owners and commanders of 
San Bizente in Europe. 

On this coast of the Sea of California the spring was 
now beginning, after its fashion, for many of those 
plains were beginning to grow green and blossom. 
There were many birds which lived on the very many 
fish with which this coast very greatly abounds. There 
was much medicinal jojoba, which is like the almond, 
and a very salutary and effective remedy for different 
kinds of sickness, and is in demand as far as Mexico, 
Pueblo, Parral, New Mexico, etc. On this coast it 
usually bears all the year, and in fact we found it on 
this occasion, for on some shrubs it was now ripe, on 
others still somewhat tender, and on others. 
[We returned with] all prosperity, thanks be to the 
Lord, to the new mission of Nuestra Sefiora de la Con- 
cepcion del Caborca, where with all kindness Father 
Domingo Crescoli received us, with all his children. 
We solemnized some baptisms and marriages. 


135 An omission occurs in the transcript at this point. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 163 


CHAPTER IV. MY RETURN TO NUESTRA SENORA DE 
LOS DOLORES, AND A LETTER WHICH THE FATHER 
VISITOR, FRANCISCO MARIA PICOLO, WRITES 
ME IN REGARD TO THE FINDING OF THE 
NEW ISLAND OF SANTA YNES 


Having left Father Domingo Crescoli to all appear- 
ances well content at his new mission of La Concepzion 
del Caborca, all the children also being greatly pleased, 
we came to San Pedro y San Pablo del ‘Tibutama, 
Father Geronimo and I. Afterward, passing by the 
district, or mission, of Father Agustin de Canpuz, I ar- 
rived with my servants, thanks to the Lord, with good 
fortune, at this pueblo of Nuestra Señora de los Do- 
lores. Finding letters from different persons, I an- 
swered them, giving some account of my absence from 
this house and of our journey to La Conzepcion and to 
the Sea of California, and the father visitor, Francisco 
Maria Picolo, wrote me the following letter from Baca- 
deguych on February 17: 

They are calling me to mass and to give ashes to the children 

of this pueblo of Bacadeguych, and, the function over, I shall 

set out, God willing, for Saguaripa.**? I rejoice that your 

Reverence has been the companion of Father Domingo Crescoli, 

and that you have left him well and sound in his new mission. 

Your Reverence is procurator not only of the Pimeria, but of 

the whole country, and the comfort of the souls and of the 

fathers. God grant me of His grace to see and enjoy the fruit 
of your apostolic toils, although it be in passing, as I expect. As 
soon as possible I shall write to Father Xavier de Mora, that he 
may extend his charity to Nuestra Sefiora de la Concepcion del 

Caborca, so that in every respect Father Crescoli may be relieved. 

I rejoice at the finding of the new Island of Santa Ynez, but in 

regard to this point I shall write to your Reverence hastily, be- 

cause now I am ready to set out, and I do not wish to delay the 
courier. God willing we shall see the father of this district 
and speak to him and arrange for what can be done, etc. 


136 In the Yaqui River Valley. This was the native town which de- 
stroyed Coronado’s settlement of San Gerónimo. 


164 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


Thus far Father Visitor Francisco Maria Picolo. 
Father Horacio Polize, who has always been most in- 
terested in these new discoveries and new conversions, 
wrote me from Baseraca on February 21 that the father 
visitor, with great pleasure to himself, had been with 
his Reverence for the space of ten days. All those who 
look with favor upon the new conquests and new con- 
versions of this Pimeria as well as of California have 
considered it very fortunate that this point of San 
Vizente should be so very close and this island of Santa 
Ynes in this convenient half-way latitude of thirty-one 
degrees, to promote the communication, which, God 
willing, in His time can be opened in California be- 
tween the fathers who actually live in the Real and in 
the missions of Nuestra Señora de Loreto Concho, in 
the latitude of twenty-six and twenty-seven degrees, and 
the fathers who, by the Divine Grace, also in His time, 
will be able to live in the land passage to California, 
and in the very populous missions which can be had on 
the very populous and large volumed Rio Colorado, 
which will be in thirty-five and thirty-six degrees of 
latitude, where there is also a land passage to the op- 
posite coast and the South Sea, and where every year 
the ship from China and galleon from the Philippines 
is accustomed to pass, coming to the port of Acapulco 
of this new Spain, and from Asia to this America. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 165 


CHAPTER V. LENTEN MISSION OF MORE THAN 
FIFTY LEAGUES TO THE NORTHWEST AND TO THE 
WEST, FROM FEBRUARY 27 TO MARCH 20, 1706, 
PENETRATING TO SAN AMBROSSIO DEL BU- 
SANIC, TO EL TIBUTAMA, AND TO NUES- 

TRA SENORA DE LA CONCEPCION 
DEL CABORCA ** 


After having given ashes and confessed the greater 
part of the people of this pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de 
los Dolores, on the twenty-seventh of February I set out 
with my servants to go to give ashes to and confess the 
people of the interior. I went first to the other pueblos 
of my administration, to Nuestra Señora de los Reme- 
dios, and to Santiago de Cocospera; and while during 
these three days 1 gave the children the accustomed in- 
struction in the Christian doctrine, heard some con- 
fessions and performed some baptisms, my servants 
planted in each pueblo a good garden of quinces, pome- 
granates, fig trees, peaches, grape-vines for wine for 
masses, and many kinds of garden stuff, in all of which 
the garden of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores greatly 
abounds. 

MARCH 2. On the second of March I went down, 
summoned by Father Agustin de Canpos, to Santa 
Maria Magdalena, fifteen leagues distant, and viewed 
the timbers and arches of the”*. 

4th. On the fourth I arrived at the ranch of San 
Simon y San Judas Tadeo del Siboda, fourteen leagues’ 
journey. 

5th. On the fifth I gave ashes to about thirty per- 
sons in the little new church, and after mass there was a 
discourse and Christian instruction and explanation of 


137 This journey is given brief mention by Ortega, Apostélicos Afanes, 321. 
138 Two lines here can not be read as they have been cut off in the 
original. 


166 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


the holy function of the ashes and of lenten confession. 
There were several confessions by people here and by 
various outsiders, for some had come from San Am- 
brosio del Busanic and from San Xavier del Bac. 

6th. On the sixth, after sixteen leagues’ journey, we 
arrived at San Ambrosio del Busanic, despatching from 
El Aquimuri to Santa Gertrudis del Saric the drove of 
twenty mares, with their jack and burro, which were 
being taken to Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepcion for 
California. We arrived at midnight, in order not to 
fail to say the mass the following day, the third Sunday 
of Lent, to the children in their little church; for we 
had notified them before hand that I would give ashes 
and hear confessions of holy Lent. 

7th. On the seventh ashes were given, there were a 
discourse and confessions by the Christian people, and, 
as I took with me the guacingues, or carpenters, from 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, there was some building 
on the church, which 1 shall tell of in the following 
chapter. In the afternoon we passed on to Santa 
Gertrudes del Saric, three leagues distant, for the same 
Lenten functions, etc. 

8th. On March 8 there were ashes, mass, a discourse, 
confessions, and twenty-seven baptisms, of infants and 
three sick people, and ten marriages according to the 
forms of the church. In the afternoon I went on to the 
pueblo of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama, ten 
leagues’ journey, where I found Father Geronimo 
Minutuli, who, with his accustomed great charity wel- 
comed us with all kindness; and, I having told him that 
I came with my guasinques to build on this new church 
and to go on to Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepcion del 
Caborca, his Reverence said to me that he would go on 
with me to aid in the confessions, etc. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 167 


oth, roth, 11th, and 12th. On the ninth and tenth we 
built on the new church. On the eleventh, setting out at 
midday, after a seven leagues’ journey, passing by the 
new pueblo of Santa Thereza, we arrived at San An- 
ttonio del Uquitoa; and on the twelfth, passing by the 
new incipient pueblo of San Diego del Pitquin, we ar- 
rived at Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepcion, where the 
very courteous children received us very affectionately. 

On the thirteenth we gave ashes to the people and 
heard many confessions. We inspected the building 
and garden with which in the preceding expedition we 
had charged these children; and insomuch as on the 
twelfth of this month many letters had come to me, and 
among them one from Father Visitor Francisco Maria 
Picolo, saying that his Reverence would shortly come 
to this Pimeria, as he said, to give thanks for the discov- 
ery and finding of the new island of Santa Ynes, and of 
the new cape of San Visente in the Gulf of the Sea of 
California, I arranged to return quickly to this pueblo 
of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores. And on the four- 
teenth, having preached with much fervor to the chil- 
dren of La Concepcion and said her mass for them, 
passing on to say it for those of San Diego del Pitquin, 
in the afternoon we all went on to San Antonio del 
Uquitoa and afterward to San Pedro y San Pablo del 
Tubutama, to Santa Maria Magdalena, and to Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores. 


168 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER VI. BY THIS MISSION OR JOURNEY THE 
BUILDING OF SIX NEW CHURCHES IS ADVANCED AT 
THE SAME TIME; AND A RARE EXAMPLE OF THE 
RIPENESS OF THE HARVEST OF SOULS, EVEN 
AMONG THE DISTANT QUIQUIMAS OF 
CALIFORNIA ALTA 


At this same time, in this nearer Pimeria, we had in 
hand the building of the churches of Father Agustin de 
Campos’s pueblo of Santa Maria Magdalena, and of 
San Ambrosio del Busanic, Santa Gertrudis del Saric, 
San Pedro y San Pablo de Tibutama, San Diego del 
Pitquin, Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepcion del Cavorca, 
and others. ‘Through the mission set forth in the pre- 
ceding chapter it was attempted to advance the build- 
ing of these six; and to this end I took with me the 
guasinques, or carpenters, now somewhat expert, of this 
pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores; and so on 
March 2, and on my return after the month of March, 
I was in Santa Maria Magdalena, seeing to the cutting 
and squaring of the timbers for the building and the 
arches of the sanctuary of the very good church which 
Father Agustin de Campos was building. 

On March 7, as they already had in San Ambrosio 
del Busanic a good supply of adobes and some timbers, 
we raised the walls of a good, capacious church. We 
wrought and placed on the doors of the church and of 
the sacristy and of the baptistry the entablatures of very 
good timbers, and arranged that they should continue 
on the building of the church of San Ambrosio del 
Busanic, and on the neighboring one of Santa Gertrudis 
del Saric, since for both there were crops of maize, and 
cattle, and sheep and goats, and whatever else was 
necessary. 

On the ninth, tenth, and eleventh of March on the 
journey or mission to Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepcion 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 169 


del Caborca, and afterwards on the return, we also 
built on the new church of San Pedro y San Pablo del 
Tubutama, laying the foundations of a good sacristy 
and of the baptistry, and of a good, capacious hall, as 
well as raising the walls of the same church, and 
especially of the sanctuary, and cutting and working 
the timbers, brackets, beams, and arches, or lintels, 
etc. Also, we looked after the very good garden of 
Castilian fruit trees, vines for wine for masses, and all 
kinds of garden-stuff, etc. 

On the thirteenth and fourteenth of March, and be- 
fore and after, we worked on the church of Nuestra 
Sefiora de la Consepcion del Cavorca, laying the foun- 
dations of its buildings and raising their walls and 
those of the sanctuary, and on the church of San Diego 
del Pitquin. And at the time when, on the seventh of 
March, we were working on the church of San Am- 
brosio del Busanic a very rare thing happened to me, 
from which may be inferred the great ripeness of the 
very extensive harvests of the very many souls that the 
celestial favors of our Lord are continually giving us 
with full hands. It was that the captain of this incipi- 
ent pueblo of San Ambrosio del Busanic, called Don 
Marcos, whom Father Visitor Oracio Police baptised 
at the time of his holy visit, as has been set forth in its 
place, gave me a scalp which the captain of the Qui- 
quima nation of the land passage to California, or to 
California Alta itself, had just sent me. This scalp 
was one of the other neighboring nation, Noabonoma,*” 
and was that of a priest, or ponze,'*” of theirs, and the 
only one who opposed himself to the good Christian 
teachings which we had taken to these new nations in 





139 See Hoabonoma. Ortega spells it Abobonoma (Apostólicos Afanes, 


321). 
139% Bonze, a Buddhist priest. 


170 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


our journeys, and therefore the captain of this extensive 
Quiquima nation had killed him as malevolent and a 
sower of darnel. With this and with other gifts of blue 
shells from the opposite coast, etc., he sent to tell me 
that we could well go to baptize all those people, for 
now there was none that would try to oppose us, since 
they had killed the only man who made opposition, and 
that as a sign they were sending his scalp. 


CHAPTER VII. SOME DEPREDATIONS WHICH HOS- 
TILE APACHES COMMIT IN THIS PROVINCE OF 
SONORA, BUT WITHOUT HINDERING THE QUIET, 
AND, THANKS BE TO THE LORD, THE VERY 
PACIFIC AND GOOD PROGRESS OF THESE 
NEW CONVERSIONS 


General Juan Matheo Manje, who a short time be- 
fore had been alcalde mayor of all this province of So- 
nora, on the twenty-seventh of March wrote me from 
the Real de Bacanuchi the following letter: 


I am writing to inform your Reverence that yesterday at sun- 
set many hostile Apaches made an attack on the house of Juan 
de Baldes, which is two leagues down the river from here. 
They killed an Indian, Ysidro, of Arispe, and shot the pardo 
Blas, who was a servant of Captain Peralta, and if it had not 
been for Miguel Bernal, who had an arquebus, all the people 
of the house would have perished. ‘They took all the horses, 
and the same day they carried off the drove of horses of Baso 
Chuca and Monte Grande. At the same time they attacked 
the corral of Arispe; all the arrows that they shot, which were 
more than two hundred, are those of Apaches and Jocomes. 
I wish that your Reverence might advise and incite the Pima 
rancherias to overtake them and take away from them these 
droves of horses, for we are without horses and isolated. God 
defend us and guard your Reverence; there is no help; the land 
is lost; we now wish to abandon it, etc. 


On the twenty-fifth of April the said General Juan 
Matheo Manje wrote me the following: 
The nineteenth day of last month the enemy killed two 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 171 





Christian” Indians here near Bacanuche, and on the twenty- 
second of the month day dawned with the house of Captain 
Peralta, of Basochuca, surrounded by enemies, whence they car- 
ried off eighteen horses. On the twenty-fourth near Cumupas 
they shot two Indians of the pueblo, whence they carried off a 
number of horses. On the twenty-sixth they made an attack on 
the house of Baldes; in this valley we have just buried the 
pardo Blas, etc.; and there is no help, for they only report, but 
falsely, that all is at peace, etc. 


Thus far General Juan Matheo Manje. Anditisa 
fact that at this very same time, at the end of March, 
in Holy Week, they came to make attack even upon this 
wheat and the fields of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, 
but as these Pima children saw it, as soon as they gave 
a cry as if calling their people, the three hostile Apaches 
took flight in such fear that they dropped everything 
they had and were carrying. One threw away even the 
quiver for his arrows, and his bow, and the boots or 
shoes which the Apaches use, and the tail of a beef 
which they had killed. As the bow which one of them 
threw away was of medium size, Father Agustin Cam- 
pos, when told of this visit of the Apaches, wrote that 
this little Apache must be still a novice. 

And so it is that the common sorrow of all the prov- 
ince is that for so many years it has not been helped nor 
freed from so many and continued invasions, robberies, 
and murders by so many hostile Hocomes, Apaches, 
and Xanos, etc. It is true, however, meanwhile, in 
these new conquests and conversions, that in the midst 
of the many contradictions and such opposition on the 
part of the natives of more than two hundred leagues of 
new lands and new nations, His Divine Majesty is 
pleased, with his most merciful and paternal provi- 
dence, to conserve us in the utmost peace and quietude 
with continual new discoveries of more new peoples 
and nations, who each day with more fervor are desir- 


172 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


ing and asking our Holy Catholic faith and father min- 
isters and holy baptism. And many baptisms are being 
solemnized, and new churches and very good settle- 
ments of new Christians, with new progress in spiritual 
and temporal matters, are being made, lacking nothing 
but the necessary father ministers; whom, however, 
thanks be to His Divine Majesty, the higher superiors 
promise us now, and whom the loving providence of 
our Lord will give us when it is best. 


CHAPTER VIII. TWO MISSIONS OR EXPEDITIONS TO 
THE NORTH, AFTER EASTER AND AFTER THE MID- 
DLE OF APRIL, FOR CONFESSIONS, BAPTISMS, AND 
MARRIAGES, AND TO BEGIN WORK UPON THE 
HOUSES AND LITTLE CHURCHES OF SANTA 
MARIA BUGOTA AND SAN LAZARO ** 


Having held Holy Week and Easter here with a 
great concourse of Spaniards and of natives from the 
interior, among whom, on Holy Saturday, April 3, the 
captain of San Xavier del Bac came with three other 
Captains, sixty leagues’ journey, I made a mission, or 
expedition, to the north, setting out from here on April 
7, and taking with me the captain of the pueblo and the 
governor of Nuestra Sefiora de Los Remedios, a temas- 
tian, three quasinques, or carpenters, and three other 
servants. I entered by way of Los Remedios, Coco- 
spera, and San Lazaro, to Santa Maria Bugota; and 
having in all places heard confessions and instructed 
the catechumens, and solemnized the baptisms and mar- 
riages that offered, we began work at the same time on 
the house of Santa Maria Bugota, which is in a very 
pleasant valley, and on that of San Lazaro, in Santa 
Maria,“ which is about twenty-two leagues distant 
from here. 





140 This chapter is briefly summarized by Ortega, ibid., 321-322. 
140a He means, evidently, in the valley of the Santa María [Santa Cruz] 
River. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 173 


We laid the foundations of a good, capacious hall 
and of two good lodges, and we began to raise their 
walls, for already some little storerooms had been made, 
with a little hall; and the foundations were also already 
made of a good and large church, with its transept, 
for which the quasinques cut twenty pine beams and 
forty oak brackets, and other wall timbers for the 
house; and an order was left that they should continue 
making adobes and building and finishing the capacious 
hall, that it might serve as a little church in which to 
say mass with decency while the great church was being 
built. And also at San Lasaro, which is three leagues 
this way, we began another little hall with two lodges. 
It is a post very suitable for a good pueblo and for a 
very good ranch, and, indeed, some corrals had already 
been made. We left at that post twenty-three beef 
cattle with their cow-boys; and, since four leagues far- 
ther to the northwest, at the opening of the very pleas- 
ant valley of Guebavi, there is another very good post 
and rancheria, with its little church and earth-covered 
house of adobe, which might be the third pueblo of a 
very good district, or mission, the first father whom our 
Lord shall be pleased to bring for the eternal salvation 
of so many poor creatures will have a very convenient 
administration. On January 24 I made another mis- 
sion, or expedition, to Santa Maria and San Lazaro; 
and while I was engaged in this building at Santa 
Maria, I received a letter from Father Geronimo 
Minutuli from San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama 
in regard to the Quiquimas, which I shall place in the 
following chapter. 


174 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER IX. LETTER FROM FATHER GERONIMO 
MINUTULI SAYING THAT THE QUIQUIMAS WERE 
SENDING ME GIFTS, AND THAT THEY WERE 
SENDING FOR ME TO COME TO 
BAPTIZE THEM ** 


On April 17 Father Geronimo Minutuli wrote me 
the following letter: 

Fernando, he of Nuestra Señora de la Consepcion del Ca- 
vorca, brings to your Reverence thirteen curious [blank], and 
other gifts, of blue shells, from the opposite coast as a memento 
of them. “Taking your Reverence's consent for granted, I am 
keeping three, and so they go to your Reverence. May God be 
pleased to dispose things in such a way that their conversion to 
our Holy faith may not be greatly delayed, etc. 

Thus far Father Geronimo Minutuli. Many of 
these Quiquimas had come from their lands of Cali- 
fornia Alta to the neighborhood and vicinity of San 
Marzelo del Sonoydag, travelling more than forty 
leagues’ journey for the purpose of coming personally 
to see me and call me to this pueblo of Nuestra Señora 
de los Dolores. But, as some became wearied and 
others had some fear and suspicion of going through 
such different peoples and new lands, they determined 
to send those gifts and to send for me to go to San Mar- 
zelo to meet them. Meanwhile they were sustaining 
themselves at the sea near by with scant provisions of 
fish alone, and lacking for the space of more than two 
months their accustomed good maize, beans, pumpkins, 
etc., with which all the year this Quiquima nation 
abounds in their own lands. And as during all this 
time, with my very many occupations, I did not go and 
was unable to go to see them, they returned to their 
lands very disconsolate, and only the coming of the 
necessary fathers will be able to assuage such pitiful 
grief. Parvuli petierunt panem et non erat qui fran- 


141 The contents of this chapter are briefly summarized by Ortega. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 175 


geret eis.” J sent to console them as best I could, say- 
ing that, God willing, we should set out on the journey, 
and that when shortly in the next month of May I could 
go to the wheat harvest of Nuestra Sefiora de la Con- 
sepcion we would see and speak with one another. 


CHAPTER X. MISSION OR JOURNEY TO THE WEST- 
WARD, TO NUESTRA SENORA DE LA CONSEPCION 
DEL CAVORCA; BUILDING, FEAST, AND SOLEMN 
PROCESSION OF CORPUS CHRISTI IN THE 
PUEBLO OF SAN PEDRO Y SAN PABLO 
DEL TUBUTAMA ** 


On May 13 I set out on a mission, or journey, of 
about fifty leagues to Nuestra Señora de la Consepcion 
del Cavorca, and at the same time I tried to advance the 
building of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama as 
well as those of La Consepcion. On the 23rd of May, as 
the walls of the church, and particularly those of the 
sanctuary, were already high, we adorned and roofed 
them with branches, straw, and flowers, as best we 
could, and held the feast and solemn procession of 
Corpus Christi, carrying therefor from Nuestra Señora 
de los Dolores the good choir of singers, and the orna- 
ments, hangings, canopy, censer, clarion-players, wax, 
etc. There was a great concourse of people, Christians 
as well as catechumens. There were many baptisms, 
among them that of the governor of the very great 
ranchería del Humucan, who promised that with his 
many people who were present and were accustomed 
always to assist at the tasks of the building of the 
church, he would come and live in some pueblo, where 
some father missionary should minister, especially be- 
cause that ranchería of Umucan, like the others of the 


142 “The little ones have asked for bread and there was none to break it 
unto them” (Lam., iv, 4). 
143 The contents of this chapter are omitted by Ortega. 


176 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


coast in general, has lands less fertile and lacking in 
water-holes, etc., and as farther inland, to the eastward, 
we usually have valleys more fertile and very pleasant, 
with abundance of rich, good lands, rivers, excellent 
pastures, champaigns, fields of wheat, and of maize, 
and ranches, etc. Father Geronimo Minutuli cate- 
chised and instructed all those children very well, be- 
fore baptism and at the time of baptism. 

After this feast of Corpus Christi I came with my 
people to this pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores 
to hold here also on the following Sunday, the same so- 
lemnity and feast of Corpus Christi, to which many 
Spaniards came with many natives of this vicinity and 
of the interior, and from the mining camps near-by. And 
all rejoiced that now also in the interior at the pueblo 
of San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama there should 
have been this first feast of our Lord and of Christ 
crucified, and that as the triumph of our holy Catholic 
faith had come far inland, with well founded hopes 
that the necessary father ministers were coming, our 
holy Catholic faith must triumph in all this North 
America. 


CHAPTER XI. THE FATHERS OF CALIFORNIA DESIRE 
AND ATTEMPT TO OPEN COMMUNICATION AND 
COMMERCE WITH THE PIMERIA BY WAY OF THE 
RECENTLY DISCOVERED ISLAND OF SANTA YNES, 
AND BY THE NEW CAPE OF SAN VICENTE OF 
THIS CALIFORNIAN GULF IN THIRTY- 
ONE DEGREES OF LATITUDE 


Father Geronimo Minutuli on June 7 wrote me the 
following letter. 

I have just received letters from California from Father 
Ugarte and Brother Jaime Bravo, who salute your Reverence 
by name, etc. And Father Rector Juan Ugarte has rejoiced 
greatly at the discovery which your Reverence made of the new 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. Lye 


Island of Santa Ynes and of the Cape of San Vicente of the 
Sea of California, and at the other things concerning this mat- 
ter, for I wrote to his Reverence that you had seen it and his 
Reverence says that when he has enough provisions he will go 
on to explore it; but that the succor which is detained in Guai- 
mas had not yet arrived. ‘Therefore he greatly desires the com- 
merce and nearer aid of the Pimeria, etc. This is in substance 
what his Reverence says, which it has seemed to me well to im- 
part to your Reverence as soon as possible, that your Reverence 
continuing with your great charity and zeal, this Pima-Cali- 
fornia gate may be opened soon, etc. I shall greatly rejoice if 
your Reverence has had a very joyful feast of Corpus Christi. 
May he pay your Reverence for the toils which the material 
and spiritual foundation of this church costs you. I write at 
no greater length on account of the bearer’s haste. 


Thus far Father Geronimo Minutuli. And although 
I have always recognized and now recognize that this 
passage and commerce by way of the Island of Santa 
Ynes and of the Cape of San Vicente at thirty-one de- 
grees latitude can not give particular difficulty, and can 
be the means of great relief and advancement to the 
new conversions and new missions of California Baxa, 
where already so gloriously the fathers above men- 
tioned are toiling, as well as of California Alta, which 
is the nearest and closest to the land passage to Cali- 
fornia, my very many occupations, and especially the 
total lack of the father missionaries necessary for so 
great a harvest of souls as we have in hand together 
with the accustomed contradiction and opposition of 
some disaffected ones, have prevented and now prevent 
me from continuing the search for the very easy discov- 
ery of this new and very short passage to California. 
For, as it is no more than eight or ten leagues across a 
very peaceful and sheltered sea, even with some good 
canoes, or launches, or medium-sized vessels, this way 
and commerce can be opened and continued. And if, 


178 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


as Father Visitor Oracio Police had determined at the 
time of his holy visit, a father companion had been 
given me, who at the time of my absence would have 
supplied my place in these my three pueblos of my ad- 
ministration, that way, as well as others, with other 
good things, could have been opened long since. But 
perhaps it is not yet too late and that this and much 
more shall be done when it is most expedient, for Non 


enim abbreviata est manus Domin:.** 


CHAPTER XII. LETTER OF GENERAL JUAN FER- 
NANDES DE LA FUENTE, WHO, FAVORING THE 
ABOVE MENTIONED MISSIONS, OR JOURNEYS, 
WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE, GIVES ASSURANCE 
THAT MORE WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED AND 
GAINED BY THE RELIGIOUS CHARITY OF 
THE FATHERS THAN BY THE MILI- 
TARY WEAPONS OF THE SOLDIERS ** 


The very experienced and valorous general Juan 
Fernandes de la Fuente, from the Real de Quisuani on 
the fifth of July wrote me among other points the fol- 
lowing: 

More than any one else I rejoice at the prosperity with 
which that new Christendom is increasing, and at the many 
nations which are asking fathers to minister to them, and 
especially the Cocomaricopas. Your Reverence has done very 
well to bring them to the presence of the Father Rector Mel- 
chor, who, it may be, will give his approval to our Father Pro- 
vincial, that he may send the fathers. And I can see that if all 
the fathers who today are in that Pima nation and the environs 
are united, your Reverence’s glorious purpose will soon be ac- 
complished. God grant that so it may happen, and that soon 
the very short way by the sea *** and the passage by land to the 
Californias may be secured, which will be a means of much re- 
144 “The hand of the Lord is not shortened” (Jsaias, lix, 1). 


145 The contents of this chapter are omitted by Ortega. 
146 The reference is to the proposed route by the Island of Santa Inez. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 179 


lief for all; and in fine, my Father, if God grants that all the 
nations that your Reverence tells me have come to see you be 
reduced, we may promise ourselves a more than splendid Chris- 
tendom. And with the expeditions which your Reverence is 
making to their lands, and with your invitations, feasts, and 
processions, and charitable treatment, the drawing of them to 
the true knowledge will be accomplished with more facility 
than if one entered with many arquebusiers. I know that if that 
communication by sea and land be opened there will be many 
who will go and come to the Californias, etc.; and as to the 
journey which your Reverence is determined to make after the 
summer, may his Divine Majesty grant that all may result in 
his honor and glory and the reduction and salvation of so great 
a number of souls for whom Christ our Lord shed His most 
precious blood. “They must not be permitted to lack holy bap- 
tism; and by the context of the letter of my Father Geronimo 
Minutuli, I recognize that he is contented in Tubutama and 
that he is encouraging your Reverence and the reverend fathers 
who are in the Californias, that this gate to the Californias by 
sea and land may be opened shortly. God grant that it may 
come to pass in your Reverence’s time and that in all you may 
see the glorious end of your labors accomplished, for which you 
will have the reward of his Divine Majesty. May He guard 
me your Reverence, etc. 


Thus far General Juan Fernandez de la Fuente. 
And with this letter, so Christian, I close this book in 
regard to the first months of this year 1706, and pass on 
to Book Four, dealing with the other six months. 


BOOK IV. OF THE LAST SIX MONTHS OF 
THIS YEAR, 1706, AND PRINCIPALLY OF 
THE MISSION, OR EXPEDITION, WHICH 
WAS LEGALLY MADE BY ORDER OF GEN- 
ERAL DON JACINTO DE FUEN SALDANA, 
CAPTAIN FOR LIFE AND MILITARY 
COMMANDER OF THIS PROVINCE OF 
SONORA, WITH ALFEREZ JUAN MA- 
THEO RAMIRES, COMMANDER 
JUAN DURAN, AND FRAY MAN- 
UEL DE LA OYUELA, OF THE 
SACRED ORDER OF THE SERA- 
PHIC SAN FRANCISCO 


CHAPTER I. WITH THE NEWS THAT FATHERS ARE 
COMING FROM EUROPE, LABORERS ARE PROMISED 
US FOR THESE NEW CONVERSIONS, AND REPORTS 
ARE ASKED OF US AND ARE GIVEN IN REGARD 
TO THE NUMBER OF THE FATHERS THAT 
ARE NEEDED IN THEM 


Father Visitor Francisco Maria Picolo on July 18 
wrote me from Belen de Guaimas the following letter: 


I have answered all your Reverence’s letters. Now I be- 
seech your Reverence to please inform me by a messenger how 
many are the missions founded by the king our Lord in the 
Pimeria, how many fathers are necessary, and must be placed 
in missions. Let the report be made with all detail, because I 
desire very much to see the Pimeria advanced in my time; and 
it will not remain backward so far as my efforts, labors, and 
sweat may avail, for personally, God giving me strength, I 
shall place the fathers in their districts. 


Thus far Father Visitor Francisco Maria Picolo. 


EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 181 


And Father Rector Melchor Bartiromo, asking a re- 
ward for the good news, on July 29 writes me the fol- 
lowing: 

I have just received a letter from the father visitor with 
these words: “Your Reverence will advise me at once how 
many fathers are necessary for the Pimeria and how many mis- 
sions the king our Lord has founded. Report them with the 
names of the places and posts as well as of the saints to whom 
they are dedicated.” I now ask your Reverence that you, as 
more experienced, inform me thereof, in order at once to an- 
swer the father visitor, for it is of importance because persons 
are coming from Spain. 

Thus far the father rector. In virtue of these two 
letters [ immediately made the reports which were 
asked of me, one of which I despatched by a messenger 
to San Joseph de Guaimas to the father visitor, who 
sent it to Mexico to the father provincial. As his Rev- 
erence wrote me, he despatched it to Rome to our 
father general. This report was accompanied by the 
long relation of all the posts suitable for very good dis- 
tricts and missions in this Pimeria, with a very clear 
map of the nine pueblos which we three fathers who 
have lived in this Pimeria are actually administering, 
Father Agustin de Campos at San Ygnacio, Santa 
Maria Magdalena, and San Joseph de Ymires, Father 
Geronimo Minutuli at San Pedro y San Pablo del Tu- 
butama, Santa Thereza, and San Anttonio del Uquitoa, 
and I here at Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, Nuestra 
Señor de los Remedios, and Nuestra Señora del Pilar y 
Santiago de Cocospera; an account of the other five 
alms which his Royal Majesty, God save him, had 
granted for five other new fathers and five new missions; 
and the opinion that therefore immediately, besides us 
three missionary fathers who were here in our three al- 
ready settled districts, or missions, at least five others 


182 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


could come for five other good districts, or new mis- 
sions; and that accordingly the fourth Pima father could 
come for Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepcion del Caborca, 
San Diego del Pitquin, and San Valentin, the fifth for 
Santa Maria, San Lazaro, and San Luys; the sixth for 
San Ambrosio del Busanic, Santa Gertrudis del Saric, 
and San Bernardo del Aquimuri; the seventh for San 
Xavier del Bac, San Agustin, and Santa Rosalia, of the 
Sobaipuris; the eighth for Santa Ana del Quiburi, 
San Juachin, and Santa Cruz, where lives the famous 
Captain Coro. For in all these posts or pueblos al- 
ready named there are very good beginnings of Chris- 
tianity, houses in which to live, churches in which 
to say mass, fields and crops of wheat and maize, and 
the cattle, sheep, goats, and horses, which the natives 
for years have been tending with all fidelity for the 
fathers whom they ask and hope to receive. 


CHAPTER II. LETTER FROM THE FATHER VISITOR, 
FRANCISCO PICOLO, IN REGARD TO THE RECEIPT 
AND DESPATCH TO MEXICO OF THE REPORT 
AND THE MAP OF THE NEW MISSIONS, 
FOUNDED AND TO BE FOUNDED, 

OF THIS PIMERIA 


As soon as 1 had with all possible speed made the re- 
port, map, and relation of the posts most suitable for 
the good and convenient missions and districts of this 
Pimeria, I despatched them by messenger to the father 
visitor, Francisco Maria Picolo, who had asked me for 
them; and his Reverence wrote me from Belen the fol- 
lowing letter: 

On my return from San Marcial I am in receipt of your 
Reverence’s most delightful letter with the map and detailed re-. 
ports of the missions of our Pimeria. God grant us the boon of 
seeing it animated with zealous fathers like those who are apos- 
tolically toiling in it now. I had set out to visit your Rever- 
ences and discuss in your presence the condition of the missions 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 183 


which need fathers; but it was not possible to pass on because of 
the rains, bogs, rivers, heat, and my lack of strength, and I re- 
turned on the Vesper of our Lady. Now if your Reverence’s 
courier and messenger had asked for me on the road from Los 
Ures he would have found me at San Marcial with Father 
Rector Fernando Bayerca and Father Manuel Gonzales, who 
went on to Movas.**%2 As the father provincial asked me for 
the reply with all promptness, I have answered his Reverence 
telling him that the missions founded in the Pimeria were seven, 
but from your Reverence’s report I find there are eight. I am 
again writing to the Father Provincial, sending him your Rev- 
erence’s letter, etc. 


Thus far the father visitor. As I said above, I after- 
ward had a letter from the father provincial stating that 
these papers had been sent to Rome; and [ shall add an- 
other letter by a secular gentleman who at this same 
time was taking the same measures to secure missionary 
fathers. 


CHAPTER III. LETTER FROM GENERAL JUAN MA- 
THEO MANJE STATING THAT THERE HAVE BEEN 
ASKED OF HIM AND THAT HE IS ARRANGING TO 
PRINT RELATIONS AND REPORTS CONDUCIVE 
TO THE COMING OF THE NECESSARY MIS- 
SIONARY FATHERS TO THIS PIMERIA ** 


On September 15 General Juan Matheo Manje, who 
shortly before was alcalde mayor of this province, wrote 
me the following letter: 


The licenciate and advocate, Don Miguel de “Torrises y 
Cano, has an order from the Sefior viceroy to add, if it shall be 
necessary, thirty other soldiers; and said licenciate has employed 
humble me to send by his hand to the viceroy all the diaries 
and itineraries of the discoveries of nations which I have made 
with your Reverence.** I have already copied five and set 


146a Movas is on the Rio Chico about thirty miles above its junction with 
the Rio Yaqui. 

147 Contents of this chapter omitted by Ortega. 

148 This paragraph seems to explain the circumstances of the compila- 
tion of Manje’s Lux de Tierra Incógnita, or at least the beginning of it. 


184 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


forth the advantage which may follow for God and the King 
from the thirty soldiers and father laborers for the reduced na- 
tions, the Sobas, Pimas, Sobaipuris, Cocomaricopas, and the 
Yumas of the Rio Colorado, where, 1 state, a villa can be 
founded which will serve as a haven and ante-mural and refuge 
for reducing the other nations, the Moquis, the Apachis, and the 
nations of the north, northwest, and west, as far as the South 
Sea, and a refuge for the navigators from China, with well- 
founded hopes of minerals; and that this squadron will serve not 
only for these frontiers, but also to visit the nations which shall 
be reduced to our holy faith and to punish any malevolent na- 
tion that may disquiet the others, in order that the father la- 
borers whom I ask can be secure in preaching the law to the 
Holy Gospel. I have already written about one hundred 
sheets, and I am still writing the rest; but the itinerary of the 
journey which we made with your Reverence and Father 
Anttonio Leal is lacking.**? Let me ask your Reverence to send 
it to me, and if you do not find it please send me a short ac- 
count from the day that we set out until we returned, the num- 
ber of leagues which we traveled and the souls that we counted, 
for I remember the rest of the course, the country, etc. 


Thus far General Juan Matheo Manje, who always 
with very Christian zeal is very fond of these new con- 
quests and conversions, as he has always given us to un- 
derstand by his journeys, his writings, and his maps. 


CHAPTER IV. AT THIS SAME TIME THE PRINCIPAL 
NATIVES AND CACIQUES, CAPTAINS, AND GOVERN- 
ORS OF THE NORTH AND NORTHEAST AS WELL AS 
OF THE NORTHWEST, SENT MESSENGERS WITH 
A HOLY CROSS AND OTHER GIFTS, AND 
WITH URGENT PRAYERS TO ASK FOR FA- 
THERS AND HOLY BAPTISM ** 


SEPTEMBER 8, 1706. On September 8, feast of the 
Nativity of Mary Most Holy, Captain Coro, who in 


149 In his Luz de Tierra Incógnita Manje gives a full diary of this ex- 
pedition. It may be based on one borrowed from Kino. 

150 The contents of this chapter are omitted by Ortega. See Apostólicos 
A fanes, 323. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 185 


baptism was called Anttonio Leal, came to this pueblo 
of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores. He brought with 
him many natives of the interior and with them the 
Governor of Cocospora, who is called Francisco Pache- 
co. Captain Coro told us in public that this past month 
of August, as soon as the rains had slackened, he with 
some of his people had penetrated to the northward as 
far as the Sobaipuris of San Xavier del Bac, about fifty 
leagues beyond his rancheria of Santa Ana del Qui- 
buri, and toward the northeast as far as the other Sobai- 
puris of the Valley of San Salvador, at a distance of 
more than sixty leagues, and that all those governors and 
captains in all parts had come to see him; and with all 
the other very many natives of those districts which he 
penetrated, they asked him to come to see me and to ask 
me to go to see them and to baptize them, for with all 
their hearts they wished to be Christians. 

Also, they sent very friendly messages and remem- 
brances to all the other fathers of these missions and to 
the alcalde mayor and to all the lieutenants, to the cap- 
tain of the presidio, to all the Spaniards, and to the 
other natives and to Christians, sending me at the same 
time therefor a holy cross, and upon it noted the prin- 
cipal sixteen great rancherias which with urgency were 
asking me for holy baptism. At this same time, on 
August 28, I found out from the governor of San Mar- 
zelo, a rancheria or incipient pueblo of the northwest, 
ninety leagues distant from here, from the justices of 
this pueblo of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, and from 
Spanish witnesses, that the Yumas and Quiquimas of 
the northwest and of the land passage to California, had 
sent requests, and gifts of blue shells from the opposite 
coast, asking me to come to see them and baptize at least 
their infants. 


151 San Salvador del Bai-cat-can, in the San Pedro River Valley. 


186 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


Now the messages from the Pimas were from one 
hundred and seventy leagues’ journey, and those from 
the Quiquimas were from two hundred leagues; and the 
blue shells, which occur only on the opposite coast of 
California and the South Sea, came almost three hun- 
dred leagues. And at the same time that they are call- 
ing us by the land passage to California Alta, in a long 
letter from Father Rector Juan de Ugarte, which I shall 
place in the following chapter, they are also calling 
me by the short sea passage to California Baxa. I 
shall only add here that at this same time a disaffected 
person made a spiteful, malicious report against Cali- 
fornia, in regard to which Father Rector Melchor 
Bartiromo wrote me the following, on the 7th of Sep- 
tember: 

‘The iniquitous report against California makes no difference 

to me, because the Devil will hinder as far as the Lord will al- 

low, and he avails himself of men; but God is above all. Re- 

member, your Reverence, that they have spoken against the 

Pimeria, but notwithstanding, God is sustaining it and ad- 


vancing it until it may all become Christian. Non est Con- 
cilium Contra Dominum.**? 


Thus far Father Rector Melchor Bartiromo. 





152 “There is no counsel against the Lord.” 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 187 


CHAPTER V. LETTER FROM THE FATHER RECTOR 
OF CALIFORNIA, JUAN DE UGARTE, IN REGARD TO 
A LAUNCH FOR THE MORE IMMEDIATE COMMUNI- 
CATION OF THESE MISSIONS OF THIS PROVINCE 
WITH CALIFORNIA BY THE SHORT PASSAGE 
OF EIGHT OR NINE LEAGUES AT MOST, 
IN THIRTY-ONE DEGREES LATITUDE; 
HE INVITES ME TO CROSS OVER 
TO CALIFORNIA ** 


SEPTEMBER 7, 1706. From Loreto Concho, Cali- 
fornia, Father Rector Juan Ugarte wrote me the fol- 
lowing letter on September 7: 

I am in receipt of two letters from your Reverence, one of 
June 20, the other of July 2, both very gratifying because of the 
news of your Reverence’s health (God prosper it for His great 
glory and the good of many souls), as well as because of what 
they both contain in regard to the laudable zeal and purpose of 
your Reverence and of the fathers for the opening of communi- 
cation through a port near to that province, from which succor 
has been plentiful. Taking for granted the determination of 
your Reverence and of the fathers, it is necessary for me, as 
one who at great cost has had experience with vessels, to advise 
your Reverence, so that your worthy desire and its fulfillment 
may not be delayed, but rather facilitated. Let me say, then, 
that although your Reverence may have timbers, and people, 
and even artisans to build, although you may have iron, sails, 
cables, tow-ropes, bars, and on the beach a good place to launch 
the vessel, there would necessarily always be anxiety and expen- 
diture of time; and, after all, since the vessel comes out at your 
expense, what appeals to me as best is that, in any case, the fa- 
thers who wish to codperate in the building be urged to buy a 
launch already made, with anchors, cables, and sails. They will 
save more than half the expense and, what is the most necessary 
and precious, time. It cost General Resava[1] to make his little 
sloop, they say, fifteen thousand pesos and more than four years 
of time, while the little launch which Captain Martin de Sera- 
stigui purchased cost only two thousand pesos. I can arrange it 





153 The contents of this chapter are omitted by Ortega. 


188 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


so that this year your Reverence may have a vessel by raising 
that amount, and with that, we shall await only the good season 
for ascending to that latitude of the Seris and of the Pimeria, 
for in the rainy season it can not enter even though it be a large 
vessel, for the mariners say that as the seas are unknown it is 
necessary that the seaman be ready for any contingency. 

Your Reverence will see by this letter of General Andres de 
Resaval, his plan to cross over here with his bark in search of 
pearls to trade, as we have always desired. And your Rever- 
ence, besides the fish, will have the salt in the Bay of La Con- 
sepcion, without going down to the Island of El Carmen. Like- 
wise the mariners will cost, for they are very expensive, and now 
we are as much lacking in them as in vessels. Part are Chinese 
and part Californian, three Chinese and four Californians, even 
Indians of Xalxocotan, and a son of Basil the Pima. Since 
there are three diving vessels, all are looking for them, and they 
are not all capable of directing building. The cost to us of re- 
pairing only one launch in Acapulco was more than a thousand 
and four hundred pesos, after the China ship had given to us 
her launch, only to repair, because it will amount to building, 
although it be only a launch. Consider it, your Reverences, and 
advise me; thereupon the launch will be arranged for, and per- 
haps there will be people who will deliver it at Guaimas. One 
cable alone usually cost forty pesos, and there will be two.*** 
It was cheaper for us to buy a Peruvian vessel at Acapulco than 
to repair the one which we had, and so it went to the bottom. 

Perhaps with a vessel we shall see accomplished what has not 

been possible by land. If these two here had not been in use, 
for one went to New Spain, I should have made it a point to 
ascend as far as thirty degrees, following an itinerary of Or- 
tega.*** In the months from November to March the northwest 
winds are so strong that no bark can ascend even though it be 
Galician. It can be done only in the beginning of April and 
May, when also the currents set inward; so that the launch be- 
ing there for the crossing, it at all times only remains to go and 
return. ‘This is my opinion, but your Reverence, being more 
experienced, will decide what may be according to your pleasure 
154 The manuscript is corrupt at this point and the translation uncertain. 


155 The reference is to the Ortega who attempted settlements in California 
in the seventeenth century. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 189 


and for the greater service of God. May he guard me your 
Reverence, to whose holy sacrifices I commend myself; and if it 
were allowed there, and your Reverence could give us a little 
look over here, you could arrange what you might consider 
best and would see what there is here in this California, which 
was the first theatre of your Reverence’s apostolic labors. I be- 
seech you to salute for me my Father Geronimo Minutuli. I 
expect soon the reply in regard to the buying of the launch, 
which is called San Pedro de Alcantara. 

Thus far Father Rector Juan de Ugarte, whom I an- 


swered what I shall say in the following chapter. 


CHAPTER VI. REPLY TO THIS CALIFORNIAN LETTER 
SAYING THAT HERE IN THIS PIMERIA WE HAVE AL- 
READY A SUPPLY OF WHAT IS NECESSARY FOR THE 
LITTLE VESSEL, OR LAUNCH, FOR THIS SHORT 
PASSAGE AT THIRTY-ONE DEGREES LATI- 
TUDE, AND THAT WE LACK ONLY THE 
NECESSARY FATHER MISSIONARIES 
AND A PAIR OF SHIP-BOYS OR 
CHINESE, #9 


Many persons were of the opinion that at this latitude 
of thirty-one degrees also we should undertake imme- 
diately the conquest and conversion of California, since 
it occupies a middle position between the missions 
which are already so gloriously in operation in Califor- 
nia Baxa, at twenty-six and twenty-seven degrees, and 
the new conversions which, God willing, if father mis-. 
sionaries come, can be established in the land passage to 
California and in its neighborhood, in California Alta, 
at thirty-five and thirty-six and thirty-seven degrees of 
latitude. Therefore, inasmuch as [ agree with the 
above very prudent holy Californian letter of Father 
Rector Juan de Ugarte, I answered and I answer as 
follows: 





156 The contents of. this chapter are omitted by Ortega. 


190 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


In regard to securing a small but adequate vessel for this 
very short crossing, of eight or nine or ten leagues of quiet and 
sheltered sea of this Californian Gulf, by the favor of Heaven 
we shall not have great difficulty, for I have here on hand in 
this pueblo of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores the greater part of 
the timbers prepared for a little bark, already squared, which 
we shall be able, with some good pack-mules, easily to carry to 
the shore of this gulf, together with the other planks which I 
have at Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepcion del Cavorca, already 
very near the sea. I have been preparing these timbers since 
the time of the visit of Father Visitor Manuel Gonzales, who, 
with our Father General Thirso Gonzales and with Father 
Provincial Diego de Almonacir, was a great lover of these new 
conversions.**? And his Reverence having conferred in regard 
to passing over to the neighboring California also at this lati- 
tude of thirty-two degrees, for we have it plainly in view, they 
immediately gave me at Oposura the silver necessary to buy, 
and I immediately bought, at the Real de San Juan, sufficient 
coarse canvas for the sail of the little bark, although, since after- 
wards our Lord was pleased that we should discover a land pas- 
sage to California, I suspended the building of the little bark. 
But there are here the supplies of this sail, and of the timbers 
which they call ribs, futtocks, and top-timbers, in one piece to 
save part of the nails; the rudder and the oars and their sort, 
of ash, and the necessary thread of Hoqui for a hank and for 
the tackle, with sufficient hemp, and a forge for the nails, and 
what is needed for the rigging, and much pine from which to 
obtain the necessary pitch, and fat cows for the tallow, and 
very rich and fertile champaigns, for the provisions, with which, 
thanks be to the Lord, we are accustomed to have our larders 
full every year. Also, in order to be able with all love to aid 
therewith the well beloved California, which is Tenerrima soror 
nostra," we eat nothing except we divide with her, Soror 
enim nostra parvula, et ubera non habet°® “They still 
lack the very fertile, rich fields in California. But your 
Reverence is coming and will discover them. Blessed sisters 
are Marta and Magdalena. Over here, content with the 
157 The visit of Gonzalez was made in 1689. See volume i, 115. 


158 “Our most tender sister.” 
159 “For our sister is little, and hath no breasts” (Cant. of Cant., viii, 8). 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 191 


ministry of Martha, we shall happily serve the fathers who 
over there in happiness enjoy the blessed lot of Magdalena. 
And so far as it is possible for us we shall procure fathers by 
many different ways, by that land passage at thirty-five degrees, 
and by this short sea passage at thirty-one degrees latitude, not 

forgetting what in so many ways we owe the Redeemer of the 
World, who has bought us as he has redeemed so many poor 
creatures, and who says to us: J/lis solvite [quae] mihi debetis,** 
and we shall pay it if we aid our needy neighbors. In this way 
we shall set fire to the plain of California in different places 
with fresh memories of the admirable post communion which our 
Holy Mother Church gives in her mass to our Holy Father 
Ygnacio: Ignem veni mittere in terris et quid volo nisi ut 
acendatur? 1° 

In regard to the vessel for this short passage and crossing, 
the difficulty is exaggerated also when we know that there is 
still in existence, grounded on this our coast of these Pimas and 
of these Seris, very near to the same latitude above-mentioned of 
thirty-one degrees, the great canoe in which Juan de Errera, 
one of the sailors of the Admiral Don Ysidro de Atondo y An- 
tillon, with two companions, set out from the port of Masat- 
lan in search and pursuit of those of us who were in the Real de 
San Bruno of California, and having passed us by without see- 
ing us and searching for us in a higher latitude without finding 
us, came with his canoe from California to this new Spain and 
to these coasts of the Seris and Pimas, where he left it ground- 
ed, and passed on to Mexico to report everything to different 
persons, and to me in the house of the Casa Profesa.**? 

Thus the principal and only difficulty consists in the lack of 
missionary fathers, one or two to come to live in and admin- 
ister the new missions and pueblos which we have prepared for 
them, and one who in my absence, ministrations, ceremonies, and 
peregrinations, might help me to take care of these three pueblos 
of my administration, and others for other new missions which 
we have in hand. For, these father laborers so necessary being 
160 “Pay to them what you owe to me.” 

161 “I have come to cast fire on the earth and what will I but that it be 
kindled” (Luke, xii, 49). 


162 This was at the time of the abandonment of California by Atondo, 
after which Kino went to Mexico. 


192 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


here for these missions, soon, God willing, with all ease we shall 
be able to go to the short passage at thirty-one degrees of lati- 
tude and to the new conquests and new conversion of its en- 
virons and to the succor and conversion of the already estab- 
lished missions of California, and to many others of all this 
North America. A pair of ship-boys, or Chinese, for the direc- 
tion of the little bark, or launch, or large canoe for this very 
short crossing, are to be found in Cinaloa and in its neighbor- 
hood, for at least some are accustomed to come out of Cali- 
fornia, etc. May Our Lord guard me your Reverence, as I 
desire, for very happy years. I commend myself to your holy 
sacrifices, and send my tenderest greetings to my best beloved 
fathers of California. Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, No- 
vember 4, 1706, your Reverence’s humble servant in Christ, 
Eusevio Kino. 


BOOK V. NEW MISSION, OR JOURNEY, TO 
THE LAND PASSAGE TO CALIFORNIA,” 
WITH FRAY MANUEL DE LA OYUELA, OF 
THE SACRED ORDER OF THE SERAPHIC 
SAN FRANCISCO, AND BY ORDER OF GEN- 
ERAL JASINTO DE FUEN ZALDANA, MILI- 
TARY COMMANDER AND CAPTAIN FOR 
LIFE FOR HIS MAJESTY OF THE FLYING 
COMPANY, OR PRESIDIO, OF THIS PROV- 
INCE OF SONORA, WITH ITS ALFEREZ 
JUAN MATHEO RAMIRES, AND ITS 
COMMANDER JUAN DURAN, 1706 


CHAPTER I. LETTER WHICH GENERAL DON JACIN- 
TO DE FUENZALDANA WRITES ME IN REGARD TO 
HIS HAPPY RETURN FROM MEXICO TO THIS 
PROVINCE OF SONORA AND TO HIS FLYING 
COMPANY OR PRESIDIO OF THIS PROVINCE 


We have always found that General Jacinto de Fuen- 
saldaña was very Christianly well-disposed: to these 
new conversions and new conquests and to this Pimeria, 
and in his campaigns against the hostile Hocomes and 
Apaches he availed himself with pleasure and with 
satisfaction of these Pima natives and of their captains 
and governors. And they in turn had for him very 
friendly, very favorable, and, as it were, filial re- 
gard. And although the very troublesome lawsuits 
with which the common enemy is accustomed to try to 
prevent all good things furnished the reason why said 


163 This journey is summarized by Ortega (4postólicos Afanes, 323-326). 


194 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





General Don Jacinto went personally to the court of 
Mexico for the settlement of the affairs of this presidio, 
on his return from the above mentioned city his Grace 
wrote me while on the way from the neighboring pre- 
sidio of Xanos on the twenty-sixth of June the follow- 
ing letter: 

My BELOVED FATHER: It is now time to give some com- 
fort to my friends, and I call to your Reverence’s notice my 
arrival at this presidio of Xanos, on the road to mine, restored 
with all my men, and with my salary paid for the whole time 
that I was despoiled of it, all the charges which General Retana 
made against me having been nullified. Your Reverence knows 
my affection, and moved by it I spoke at length to my beloved 
Father Provincial Juan Maria in regard to your Reverence and 
our Pimeria, and he told me that now the opposition of the dis- 
affected was being very well adjusted and quieted. “Thereupon 
I told him that your Reverence had always been a great example 
of virtue and religion and apostolic zeal. I say no more, but 
wait until I see you, meanwhile asking God to spare me your 
Reverence for happy years, etc. 

Thus far General Jasinto de Fuenzaldaña. After- 
wards I went to the frontiers to see his Grace and speak 
of the advancement of these new conversions; and | 
drew from his store three thousand, three hundred pesos 
in clothing for the supply of these my new missions, 
in exchange for provisions, flour, maize, horses, mules, 
etc., with which these new conversions generally abound; 
all of which he gave me with very good will, without 
asking me for a single peso in silver, which they are ac- 
customed to demand in the stores of other traders.*™ 
As we spoke principally of the promotion of these new 
conversions, and as I showed him a certificate which a 
few days ago the lieutenant of this Pimeria had given 
me in regard to its good state in the midst of the accus- 


164 This transaction illustrates the mercantile position of the commander 
of a frontier presidio. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, $.)J. 195 


tomed contradictions and of some opposition on the 
part of some ill-affected in regard to. the land-passage 
to California, his Grace, considering as certain that 
which was very certain, that California was not an 
island, decided to furnish me some soldiers to go with 
me to be eye-witnesses and inform themselves of every- 
thing for the purpose of reporting juridically in Mex- 
ico, and to despatch a courier at his own expense, in 
order also to secure and bring the fathers so necessary 
for these new conversions. And as also by other means 
and even as an eye-witness he was convinced of the 
many very good things of this Pimeria, his Grace re- 
quired of his alférez an exact daily account of every- 
thing, in order afterwards to authenticate it with a cer- 
tificate of his own, and despatch it to Mexico. 


CHAPTER 11. AUTHENTICATED CERTIFICATE OF 
THE CAPTAIN DEPUTY ALCALDE MAYOR OF THE 
GOOD STATE OF THESE NEW CONVERSIONS, AND 
DECLARING THAT EVEN THE QUIQUIMAS OF 
THE LAND PASSAGE TO CALIFORNIA SENT A 
HOLY CROSS AND TO ASK HOLY BAPTISM 


Although there have always been very favorable cer- 
tificates by different alcalde mayors and by other royal 
officials of the good state of this Pimeria, and that the 
very friendly natives ask and deserve the missionary 
fathers necessary for its administration, I shall place 
here this more recent one which I took with me by 
chance among my papers when recently I went to see 
and to speak with General Don Jacinto de Fuen Sal- 
daña. Itisas follows: 


SEPTEMBER 7, 1906. On the seventh of the month of Sep- 
tember, 1706, in this pueblo of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, 
in the presence of Captain Juan Dias de Theran, deputy al- 
calde mayor of the valley of Opodepe and its jurisdiction for 


196 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


his Majesty, having come in company with some citizens of said 
jurisdiction for the purpose and aim of hearing mass on the day 
of Mary Most Holy, we found in this said pueblo Captain 
Francisco Pacheco, otherwise called Cola de Palo,**% Governor 
of Cocospora, and Captain Anttonio Leal, otherwise called 
Captain Coro, captain-general of said Pima nation, who had 
come from the interior and had brought to Reverend Father 
Eusevio Francisco Kino messages and signs of friendship, 
crosses, and blue shells from the opposite coast of California, 
and other things used in those rancherías, in which they ask 
the friendship and protection of the Spaniards, and the comfort 
of their souls, asking with insistence holy baptism and mis- 
sionary fathers to minister to them; and at present there is in 
this pueblo of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores a captain of San 
Marcelo, ninety leagues distant, who came with his children 
and wife asking the same as the others asked, a father to min- 
ister to him, etc. And being personally present at all the above 
mentioned, at the request of the said Reverend Father Eusevio 
Francisco Kino, 1 certify and declare in testimony of having 
seen and spoken through an interpreter to the said captains and 
governors of said nations. And they likewise said that the 
Yuma and Quiquima nations to the northwest are also calling 
the Father Eusevio Francisco Kino with the same purpose of 
being Christianized. In testimony thereof 1 have certified it 
and authenticated it as a judge actuary, and with the witnesses 
who were present. Done in said day and year, and executed 
on common paper because there is no stamped paper, which is 
supplied by the ordinary justice of this province. 
Juan Dias DE THERAN. 
[Witnesses:] JUAN DE La Riva Y ZALAZAR 
ANTTONIO DE La VEGA CAMACHO 
Dieco MuNos 
FRANCISCO DE CASTRO 


165 Literally, “brush tail.” 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 197 


CHAPTER III. DIARY OF THE JOURNEY TO THE 
LAND PASSAGE TO CALIFORNIA, FROM OCTOBER 13 
TO NOVEMBER 16, 1706; DEPARTURE FROM THE 
PRESIDIO OF SANTA ROSA DE CORODEGUACHI,?* 
AND ARRIVAL AT THE PUEBLO OF NUESTRA 
SENORA DE LOS DOLORES 


Inasmuch as General Don Jacinto de Fuenzaldaiia, 
by word as well as in writing, gave wise orders and very 
Christian instructions to his alférez, Juan Matheo 
Ramires, for this journey, requiring of him among other 
things an exact daily account of everything, signed by 
the Father Eusevio Francisco Kino, and by Fray Man- 
uel de la Oyuela, of the Order of San Francisco, who 
also came to this journey, and by his companion, the 
commander Juan Anttonio Duran, and authenticated 
by his hand, that it might go to Mexico and even to His 
Royal Majesty, God save him, I shall give here the ac- 
count of this journey as it is given in the diary of the 
said Alférez Juan Matheo Ramires, and the letter 
which he writes to his lord and captain of the presidio, 
Don Jacinto de Fuen Saldaña, which is as follows: 

“My Señor General Don Jacinto de Fuen Zaldaña: 
Obeying your orders that I should accompany Father 
Eusevio Francisco Kino in his journey, I have to report 
that, having set out from the presidio on the thirteenth 
of October, we arrived at Quiquiarachi,*” where until 
very late at night said Father Eusevio Francisco Kino 
and the father of the district, Bacilio Javier de Molina, 
talked at length of the great good which could be done 
with ease, in the service of both Majesties, in the vicin- 
ity of these frontiers, as well as in other more remote 
parts of these new conversions. 





166 Santa Rosa de Corodeguachi (Fronteras) is on the Nacozari railroad 
about thirty-five miles south of Douglas, Arizona. 
167 Cuquiárichi (Quiquiarachi) is about ten miles southwest of Fronteras, 


198 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


“On the fourteenth we arrived, after a fourteen 
leagues’ journey, at the pueblo of Bacoachi,’* whence | 
sent the two companions as your Grace ordered. 

“15. On the fifteenth, after a ten leagues’ journey 
we arrived at the Real de Bacanuche. 

“16. On the sixteenth, after a twenty leagues’ jour- 
ney, we arrived at nightfall at the pueblo of Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores, where we were welcomed by the 
domestics of Father Eusevio Francisco Kino, as well as 
by the many outsiders who had come from the interior 
with a holy cross and with other good gifts of blue 
shells from the opposite coast, with a holy cross which 
the people of the Quiquima nation sent, when sending 
for Father Kino to go to baptize their little ones, at 
least. In the company of those who brought these mes- 
sages came other natives of the coast, who brought not 
only many tamales of dried pitajayas but also some little 
boxes*® of fresh pitajayas, which are produced on this 
coast in great abundance in October, in November, and 
even in December, whereas in other parts they are pro- 
duced in June and July. | 

“17. On the seventeenth Father Kino answered the 
many letters which he found here, and we provided 
ourselves with what was necessary for our journey, with 
biscuit, with pack-animals, etc. 

“18. On the eighteenth the father sent forward to 
the governor of San Marcelo a despatch to notify his 
relatives, as well as the rest in the vicinity of the land 
passage to California, that we, two fathers and two sol- 
diers, were making an expedition past there. 

“19. On the nineteenth we saw a great number of 
little crosses and blue shells, curious balls, and other 





168 Bacoachi is on the Río de Sonora about twenty-five miles north of 
Arizpe. 
169 Cacaste, a box or crate. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 199 


gifts, which on various preceding occasions the Qui- 
quimas of California Alta and the other nations of 
the land passage had sent Father Kino, sending always 
to call him to go to baptize them. 

“20. On the twentieth, while we were equipping 
ourselves here for the journey to the northwest, Father 
Kino despatched messages and gifts to the Sobaipuris 
of the north and of the northeast by the captain of this 
pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores. 

“21. On the twenty-first, in the afternoon we set out 
from Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores for Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Remedios, to provide some sumpters and 
other things for our journey to the passage by land to 
California.” 


CHAPTER IV. MISSION OR EXPEDITION TO THE 
LAND PASSAGE TO CALIFORNIA, FROM OCTOBER 22 
TO NOVEMBER 16, 1706, TAKEN FROM THE DIARY 
OF ALFEREZ JUAN MATHEO RAMIRES, WHO 
WENT ON THE EXPEDITION 


“OcT. 22, 1706. On October 22 Father Eusevio 
Francisco Kino came from Nuestra Señora de los Do- 
lores to Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios, and with his 
Reverence Fray Manuel de la Oyuela, of the Sacred 
Order of the Seraphic San Francisco, who was asking 
alms for the founding of the novitiate of Guadalaxara. 
When Father Kino set out this morning for Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores, he met with his Reverence after 
the first quarter league’s journey, and, returning to the 
pueblo to give him chocolate, both fathers arrived at 
noon at this pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios. 
Fray Manuel having decided to enter to ask alms of the 
other Pima fathers, he was pleased to accompany us on 
the expedition and to view the land passage to Cali- 
fornia. 


200 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


“23. This being agreed upon, on October twenty- 
third we went all together to the pueblo of Santiago de 
Cocospora, where, as also in Nuestra Señora de los 
Remedios, we saw the two very good churches, many 
cattle, sheep, and goats and the store rooms very well 
supplied with wheat and maize, all for the very good 
succor of the other new missions which in their time 
might be founded. 

“24-25. On the twenty-fourth we passed the ranch 
of San Simon y Judas del Siboda, which Father Kino 
had founded for the aid of new missions. After about 
fifteen leagues’ journey, passing by the good field of 
Bavasaqui,”” we arrived at nightfall on the twenty-fifth. 
We found that the cowboys whom Father Kino had sent 
forward from Nuestra Señora de los Dolores had pro- 
vided four dried beeves for the journey and for the 
building of the church of El Tubutama, and forty pack- 
animals, horses, and mules, for our journey, which we 
took for our expedition, with the twenty-five sumpters, 
which we had brought from Nuestra Señora de los Do- 
lores. “There were provided also twenty-five other 
beeves, which were taken to San Ambrosio de Busanic, 
in place of as many other very tame ones which had 
been taken from there and had been driven to San Mar- 
zelo, by which we had to pass. 

“26. On the twenty-sixth we set out for Santa Bar- 
bara del Sonoydag, which is a little ranchería with very 
good land, where they had wheat and maize ready for 
harvest for the Church, and where the natives received 
us with all kindness; and we continued, to sleep two 
leagues farther on, travelling today about fourteen 
leagues. 

“27. On the twenty-seventh, arising early, we went 


170 Westward from Cocóspera. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 201 


to say and to hear mass at San Ambrosio del Busanic, 
travelling four leagues. All the justices of this new 
pueblo came out to welcome and to meet us with their 
captain called Don Marcos, whom Father Visitor 
Oracio Police a few years before had baptized in his 
church of Santa Maria de Baceraca, on the occasion 
when twenty-five governors, captains, and justices of 
this Pimeria had gone thither to ask for the necessary 
fathers and for holy baptism, some of them travelling 
more than one hundred and fifty leagues. In this pueb- 
lo or incipient mission, to which belong two other very 
good posts, Santa Gertrudes del Saric and San Bernardo 
de Aquimuri, we found a house in which to live and a 
little church with its altar in which to say mass, and a 
large church begun. We found wheat, maize, and 
beans, cattle, sheep and goats, more than two hundred 
head, and droves of mares, all of which the natives are 
tending very well for the father whom they ask and 
hope to receive. Here and in all places we gave good 
instruction, Christian and secular, as your Grace com- 
manded me, and it was very well received. Four in- 
fants were baptized and a confession of the sick wife of 
Captain Don Marcos was heard. We killed a very fat 
sheep, despatched twenty-five beeves directly to San 
Marzelo, and set out for Santa Gertrudes del Saric, 
three leagues’ journey, in the course of which they gave 
us an infant to baptize, who was named Juan Matheo 
Ramires, for he was my godson.™ 

“28. On the twenty-eighth, having baptized five in- 
fants, and having seen the good field of wheat which 
they had just sown for the Church, we set out for El 
Tubutama, where we arrived at midday and were re- 
ceived by Father Geronimo Minutuli with all kindness. 

171 Aijado. 





202 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


We encouraged the people in the work of building 
a church, many adobes were made, and the governor 
and guasinques of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores 
worked on the timbers and arches of the sanctuary. At 
the same time we supplied ourselves for our journey, on 
which Father Geronimo Minutuli also desired to ac- 
company us, but his many occupations, the building, 
the sowing of wheat, the branding, and the fact that he 
had some sick people, prevented him. But his Rever- 
ence with great generosity and love supplied us with 
wine for masses, with wax candles, chocolate, bread and 
biscuit, pzno/e, mutton, and beef, and even with his own 
saddle-mule.” 


CHAPTER V. OUR DEPARTURE FROM SAN PEDRO Y 
SAN PABLO DEL TUBUTAMA AND ARRIVAL 
AT SAN MARCELO DEL SONOIDAG | 


“October 29. On October twenty-ninth, after de- 
spatching in the morning our baggage, the relay, and 
more than forty sumpters, we set out at midday from 
El Tubutama, and arrived at San Attonio del Uquitoa, 
the third pueblo of Father Geronimo, having passed 
by his second pueblo, which is that of Santa Thereza de 
Cavoricani 

“30. On the thirtieth we arrived, after a thirteen 
leagues’ journey, at Nuestra Señora de la Consepcion 
del Cavorca, having passed by San Diego del Pitquin, 
where they were making adobes to finish their little 
church until there should be an opportunity to make a 
large one. At La Consepcion we found many people; 
and a pueblo of more than two thousand souls can be 
established here, on account of the very good lands and 
the many people in this vicinity. ‘There are already 
made a decent house with a capacious hall and store- 
1712 Commonly called Adid, or Atil. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, $.J. 203 


room, a bakery with an oven, a kitchen, a little church 
with an altar, and a large church begun, in imitation of 
but larger than that of Matape. Here are cattle, sheep, 
and goats, and two droves of mares, with which we 
counted more than twenty colts, horses, and mules. 
There are wheat, maize, and beans, all of which these 
natives are tending very well for the father whom they 
with such insistency ask for and hope to receive. 

“31. On the thirty-first, after good discourses and 
baptism of infants, and after a sixteen leagues’ journey 
over level road along the coast, the captain and the 
fiscal mayor of Nuestra Señora de la Consepcion accom- 
panying us, we arrived at sunset at the great ranchería 
of San Eduardo del Baipia, where the very friend- 
ly natives had provided for us a little house of poles and 
straw in which to say mass with decency, with an altar, 
and with crosses and arches placed along the roads; 
and with all punctiliousness they took care of us and 
pastured our horses. On November first we set out for 
San Luys Bertrando del Bacapa, and after a twenty 
leagues’ journey we arrived at Vespers, the natives here 
having also provided for us a little house, or hermitage, 
in which to say mass, etc. Fray Marcos de Niza, as 
Torquemada asserts, reached this post of Bacapa.””* 

“2. On the second, after a fourteen leagues’ journey, 
we reached San Marcelo, arriving by this road from El 
Tubutama and from La Consepcion about four in the 
afternoon. At the very same time the cowboys were 
coming with the cattle which we had despatched the 
preceding week by a different and more direct road, 
from San Ambrosio del Busanic. More than seventy 
Indians also came at the same time with their Justices, 


172 Consult Torquemada, Tercera Parte de los veinte i un Libros Rituales 
i Monarchia Indiana, 358-359. 


204 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





governors, and captains, from different rancherías by 
which our cowboys had passed. The natives of San 
Marzelo welcomed us with roads cleared, with crosses 
and arches placed thereon for the space of more than a 
league, and with all kindness. We found here the cap- 
tain and the governor of the Yumas and the governor 
of the Cocomaricopas, who, being informed that we 
were coming, came more than seventy leagues to see us, 
the former from the Rio Colorado, to the northwest, and 
the latter from the Rio de Hila, to the north. There 
came also, with our vaqueros, the captain of San Am- 
brosio, Don Marcos, who, together with the captain of 
Nuestra Señora de la Consepcion, aided with great 
kindness and Christian zeal in giving Catholic instruc- 
tion to the rest of the numerous natives who from all 
directions all that afternoon and night and all the next 
day kept coming to hear the Word of God and to see 
us. And since the Quiquimas of the Passage and from 
California had not yet arrived or been notified, we sent 
to get them a Pima governor of this partly formed 
pueblo of San Marcelo, where there was already a little 
church, with its very neat altar, white-washed and 
painted, and where they tended for Father Kino his 
forty head of cattle, and wheat, maize, beans, etc., for 
the Father whom these very affable and friendly na- 
tives were awaiting.” 

“3. On the third, after mass and the talks on Chris- 
tian doctrine by Father Kino, and also by me as your 
Grace ordered me, a beef and a sheep were killed, and 
all the people went to sow a good field of wheat for the 
Church. In the afternoon many more people came 
from different near-by and remote rancherias, and there 
was discussion among the natives themselves, some en- 
couraging others to be good Christians, etc.” 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 205 


CHAPTER VI. DEPARTURE FROM SAN MARCELO 
AND ARRIVAL AT THE VERY HIGH PEAK OF SANTA 
CLARA, AND IN VERY PLAIN VIEW OF THE LAND 
PASSAGE TO CALIFORNIA, AND ARRIVAL ON OUR 
RETURN AT NUESTRA SENORA DE LOS DOLORES 


“NOVEMBER 4, 1706. On November*™ fourth, after 
having said mass and despatched the many people very 
contended and comforted by the promise that efforts 
would be made to obtain for them the missionary fathers 
necessary, at midday we set out from San Marzelo for 
the good stopping place which they call El Carrizal, 
which is seven leagues distant. 

“s. On the fifth we set out at dawn, and Father 
Kino went four leagues forward to say mass at a very 
good water-hole. We breakfasted, drank chocolate, 
and mounted on horseback, and, travelling ten leagues 
farther, arrived at a tank*"” with water held in between 
the rocks of a very high peak which they called Serro de 
Santa Clara. ‘There we ate and left the relay horses 
and some boys. Selecting the best mules, we ascended 
this very high peak, which was four leagues more in 
ascent. On this peak three others are piled up. We 
ascended the one which slopes to the south, whence was 
seen the sea, which was exactly to the south of us. As 
far as the eye could reach there was no sea ascending 
toward the north or the northwest, either to the east- 
ward, from which we came, or to the westward; and 
we saw very plainly the connection of this our land with 
that of the west, which consisted of sandy beaches and 
little hills; and we slept on the summit of this hill, com- 
manding a view of land for more than forty and fifty 
and sixty leagues distant. 

“6. On the sixth, day of San Bruno, patron of Cali- 


172a By a slip the manuscript is made to read “October 4.” 
172b Evidently Tinajas de Emilia. See Lumholtz, of, cit., 204. 


206 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


fornia, as soon as day dawned Fray Manuel de la 
Oyuela went down this little southern ridge and ascend- 
ed the other, which was the highest of all; and we kept 
it between north and west, as in plain view we saw clear- 
ly again, with even more detail, what we had seen the 
afternoon before, and that with this continuity of both 
lands there is a passage by land to California. And we 
saw that the Sierra Madre of California runs from 
south to north to where the sea ends, and that a point 
shuts in a bay which Fray Manuel calls the estuary, be- 
cause it is the mouth of the Rio Colorado, at the head 
of the Sea of California. From there the said Sierra 
Madre of California turns off from a north course and 
runs northwest, which is between north and west. Be- 
tween south and west we sighted more than fifty leagues 
of continuous land in California, with its Sierra Madre. 
Between south and east we saw the very great bay, 
which probably is about ten leagues long, and has a 
solitary hill to the eastward, and which we named Bay 
of San Manuel, because Fray Manuel from the higher 
peak which he had ascended saw it more distinctly. 

Satisfied that the sea ascended no farther to the north- 
ward than to the latitude of thirty-five degrees in which 
we found ourselves, we descended to where the mules 
were, unsaddled. We saddled them while Fray Man- 
uel came down the other hill, and together we descend- 
ed the four leagues to the tank where we had left the 
boys with the relay and with the commander Juan 
Anttonio Duran, who, being ill, had not been able to 
ascend the hill with us. There the father said mass in 
thanksgiving for the so plainly discovered certainty of 
the passage. We breakfasted, and after a fourteen 
leagues’ journey we arrived at El Carrizal. 

“7. On the seventh, Sunday, we arose early, and came 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 207 


in time to say and hear mass to San Marzelo, where 
some Indians who had come to see us were awaiting us, 
among them being the captain of the Cocomaricopas of 
the Rio Grande or Rio de Yla, who had come from 
above from the famous and great rancheria of San 
Matias del ‘Tumagacori [’Tutumagoydag]. 

“8. On the eighth we set out from San Marzelo del 
Sonoydag for Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, accom- 
panied by the captain of the Yumas, who had come 
from the Rio Colorado more than sixty leagues with 
many other justices and many other natives of these en- 
virons. On setting out they gave us three infants to 
baptize. After travelling ten leagues by a different 
road from that by which we had come, we arrived at 
San Raphael del Actum, where they gave us ten other 
little ones to baptize; and we passed on four leagues to 
sleep at the water hole of San Martin. 

“9. On the ninth, after going nine leagues we ar- 
rived at the rancherias of Santa Biviana. Here we 
found that with rare loyalty they had taken care of and 
dried for us two of the beeves which had been left them 
by the cowboys, who, passing by here, took the twenty- 
five from San Ambrocio del Saric to San Marzelo. and 
we marveled at such fidelity. We divided among them 
the meat and hides, and, having spoken to them the 
word of God, they agreed that all wished to be Chris- 
tians, and gave us eight infants to baptize, promising 
us that they would assemble wherever there should be a 
father. They gave us many of their viands, pinole of 
maize, beans, pumpkins, and mesquite; and we passed 
on to another rancheria about five leagues farther on. 

“to. On the tenth, upon our departure from this 
place, the governor brought us to be baptized a little 
girl, suffering and dying, and who without doubt would 


208 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


go very shortly to be happy in God. And after a twelve 
leagues’ journey we arrived at San Estanislao del Oot- 
eam, where we found a little church, or chapel, of 
adobe. 

“11-13. There on the eleventh the governor and 
other justices gave us nine infants to baptize, and at 
midday, after an eight leagues’ journey we arrived at 
San Ambrocio del Busanic. We killed a fat beef and 
a sheep, and wrote to the fathers of El Tubutama and 
San Ygnacio. They gave us some infants to baptize; 
we arrived at Tubutama; on the thirteenth we rested 
and built. 

“ta. On the fourteenth we arrived at Santa Maria 
Magdalena, where Father Agustin de Campos treated 
us with kindness, as did Father Geronimo Minutuli at 
El Tubutama. 

“Is. On the fifteenth Father Kino gave orders that 
some timbers should be made for the building of the 
sanctuary of the new church; and in the afternoon we 
set out, to spend the night at San Joseph de Himires, 
third pueblo of the administration of Father Agustin. 

“16. On the sixteenth we arrived at midday at Nu- 
estra Señora de los Remedios, and in the afternoon at 
Nuestra Señora de los Dolores. Having baptized 
more than fifty infants, we have seen, besides the land 
passage to California, beyond the pueblo of El Tubu- 
tama, more than 200[0] Indians, men and women, in 
round numbers. Most of the land is good and fertile, 
with irrigation ditches for making large and good 
pueblos with sufficient water, by gathering together the 
people that are in various rancherias. And because it 
is the truth we have signed it, Father Eusevio Fran- 
cisco Kino and Fray Manuel Oyuela and I, Alférez 
Juan Matheo Ramires, and the squadron commander 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 209 


Juan Anttonio Duran, at Nuestra Sefiora de los Do- 
lores, November 18, 1706.” 

Thus far Alférez Juan Matheo Ramires. And just 
when this diary was to pass to General Don Jacinto 
de Fuenzaldaña, in order that, Christianly authorized 
by his hand, it should pass, for the good of many souls, 
with papers of his to Mexico and even to Spain, we 
found to our great sorrow that God our Lord had just 
taken him to himself. 


CHAPTER VII. SEPARATE CERTIFICATION BY FRAY 
MANUEL DE LA OYUELA, OF THE SACRED ORDER OF 
THE SERAPHIC SAN FRANCISCO, OF HAVING 
SEEN THE LAND PASSAGE TO CALI- 
FORNIA. IT IS AS FOLLOWS 


““I, Fray Manuel de Oyuela, religious of the Order 
of Our Father San Francisco, of the province of Gua- 
dalaxara, declare that, having set out from the mission 
of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores on October 22, 1706, 
in company with Father Eusevio Francisco Kino, mis- 
sionary in said mission, Alférez Juan Matheo Ramires, 
and Squadron Commander Juan Anttonio Duran, sent 
by his captain in company with said Father to see, ex- 
plore, and examine the extremity and head of the Sea of 
California, to make the due report for whatever may 
in future be expedient; and, after having travelled 
long days' journeys, as of fourteen, sixteen, and twenty 
leagues, and having seen incipient pueblos, and in them 
churches begun, some one estado”* high and others 
more or less, and having seen many and very good 
lands, and all with irrigation, an abundance of water, 
and a variety of irrigation ditches, I hereby certify that 
I have never seen so many before with their fields 
of maize and wheat, whereby one recognizes that the 


173 An estado is a unit of measurement the height of a man. 


210 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


natives are very industrious and laborious in compari- 
son with other nations. And in all parts they generally 
welcomed us with all appreciation and reverence, giv- 
ing us of their provisions. 

“We were in Nuestra Señora de la Consepcion del 
Cavorca, where Father Francisco Xavier Saeta happily 
gave his life, paying the penalty for the sins of others 
in imitation of our great Master and Lord. There isa 
large part of the church made, a hall, a lodging and 
kitchen, and a bakery and oven. It is one of the best 
places that I have seen, because its plains are so large 
and so fertile, and carry the water to all parts by means 
of irrigation ditches which they have made for that 
purpose. 

“Next come fifty leagues with little water, because it 
is along the sea coast, which we travelled in three days, 
or a little less, for we arrived at San Marcelo about 
four in the afternoon, where they received us with 
arches and crosses and roads very well cleared for more 
than a league. There is a chapel and a lodge. It is 
a very good place, with a perennial creek of water, a 
field of wheat, and a few cattle, sheep, and goats. 
Hither came many captains of various rancherias and 
of the Yuma and Opa and Cocomaricopa nations, who 
live on the Rio Grande and Rio Colorado, sixty and 
eighty leagues distant. The Indians from the outside 
who assembled here exceeded three hundred, most of 
them being without more clothing than that given them 
by nature. 

“Here as in the other places Father Eusevio Fran- 
cisco Kino made them a fervent discourse. So effective 
was it that two of the captains told him that since he 
had deprived them of so much good he ought to baptize 
them. The father replied that it was necessary first to 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 211 


instruct them, and therefore some went to Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores to be catechised and instructed. 
We were there a day and a half, where I saw a thing 
very worthy of pondering over in a people so ignorant, 
namely, that after the father preached to them one of 
their captains continued warning them with such force 
and energy that it seems that the Lord must have given 
him. words to enable him to speak so long, for he 
harangued them for a space of two hours, a thing diffi- 
cult even for a great preacher. Afterward another took 
up the thread and continued in the other languages. 
In this manner day dawned upon them; and the follow- 
ing night it was the same. | 

“In the afternoon we set out to continue our way, and 
after having travelled twenty-five leagues we arrived 
at a very great mountain called Santa Clara. It is 
large, and at its extreme summit there are three others 
piled up. One slopes to the south, another to the east, 
and the third and largest one to the west, because they 
are in a triangle. ‘The afternoon that we arrived we 
ascended the peak that sloped to the south, because it is 
the easiest to ascend, and from it wesaw the Sea of Cali- 
fornia, its mountain chains, and the great sandy beach 
where the sea ends. We could not see with all detail 
because night soon fell upon us, and there we slept that 
night. The next morning, as soon as day dawned, I 
descended in all haste with a determination to ascend 
the highest peak, which is to the westward, in order to be 
able to see more from its summit. I did so at the cost of 
very great toil, because it was so high, and was a sort of 
rubbish-heap of tlesontle stone, as is all this very great 
hill, so that I seemed likely to end my life sooner than 
the undertaking. Our Lord was pleased that I should 
reach its summit, and from it I saw, looking from this 


212 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


side and to the southwest, a great bay, which is prob- 
ably about ten leagues from west to east, and at the 
east end of it a hill, extending from this bay to the 
northward, which is the way the sea turns to form a 
harbor, as it were, three or four leagues in a circuit, 
with a little ridge to the south and another to the north, 
twenty-five leagues from the bay; and in all this dis- 
tance it forms a sandy beach of half a league wide. 

“To the north and northwest of this coast there is, 
along the head of the Sea of California, a very great 
sandy beach of more than sixty leagues in compass or 
circuit, with some little hills;'"* and to the west of the 
above mentioned port the head of said bay, with an- 
other bay, makes a form like the extremity of the 
right foot of a man, the bay being where the great toe 
is, and being next to the mouth of the very large vol- 
umed Rio Colorado which enters into the sea to the 
eastward and makes a great Ria*”* (for so in our Cas- 
tilian tongue they call the mouths of the rivers), which 
indeed is neither fresh water nor salt. So great is this 
estuary that very large ships can enter, even though 
they be the royal ships of Spain. It afterwards empties 
to the northwestward. The same Rio Colorado then 
forms a very large island more than forty leagues in cir- 
cuit, all of very fertile lands and very thickly populated | 
with Indians, which the Rio Colorado waters as the 
Nile bathes Egypt, giving it very great fertility. And 
looking to the east from said Serro de Santa Clara, at 
more than fifty leagues’ distance one sees the range which 
they call El Gigante, and to the northward some very 
great plains, although with some occasional hills, the 





174 Compare the legend “Medanos de Arena” on the Kino map of 1705. 
175 Estuary. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 213 


view extending about sixty leagues to the northwest. 
Above rises the Sierra Madre of California, and I was 
able to see by that course about fifty or sixty leagues. 
“To the westward, at the end of the sea or beginning 
of the above mentioned estuary, or mouth, of the Rio 
Colorado, the Sierra of California forms, as it were, a 
point which juts out toward the east, and which is at 
the distance of about fourteen or fifteen leagues from 
where I was; for I could estimate them by the sun 
which was reflected from the rocks. Coming down a 
little from the west to the south I was able to see more 
than fifty-eight or sixty leagues of California oversea, 
and that the California of the northwest has a sea to the 
eastward. Therefore California is not an island but 
only a peninsula, as long since very well and correctly 
has been said and written by Father Eusevio Francisco 
Kino who took us that we might be witnesses of this 
truth. From the foregoing I have seen that the heretic 
Drake is author of the lie whereby he will have it that 
this Sea of California ascends to the North Sea, wishing 
to discredit the ancient Spaniards who depicted Cali- 
fornia as terra firma with this land, as it really is; but 
he is well punished in this life and also in the next, dy- 
ing here in Galicia’ at the hand of a Spaniard, and 
paying there in Inferno forever for his evil deeds. 
“Because of this malevolent heretic so many of us 
have toiled so much, and there are even some who, with- 
out more reason than their depraved mind, say that on 
one side the sea enters between the hills and joins the 
South Sea, the reasoning more of a depraved will than 
of a sincere understanding, as if the sea were some 
changeling which can betake itself to hide where it 


176 Father Oyuela was manifestly not well-informed regarding Drake’s 
earthly career. 


214 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


will; but we know that even the above mentioned here- 
tic, in order to make California an island, depicts its sea 
as a continuous strip running to the northwest, without 
making any turn in any direction; but if such a sea did 
flow into the South Sea, those who with care have 
mapped the opposite coast of California would tell 
of it. And always, as Father Kino says, California 
Alta will remain terra firma with this land, for there is 
no printed map which says a thing like this. 

“The next day, which was November 6, we descend- 
ed from the two piled-up hills. Saddling our mules, 
we descended to the tank where the preceding day we 
had left our boys and the relays. ‘The father said mass, 
we ate, and mounted our horses. Turning back to San 
Marsselo, we arrived the next day, Sunday, to say mass; 
and the next day we set out, returning by a different 
route past some rancherias, which gave us some infants 
to baptize. And in this journey there were more than 
fifty baptisms of infants and of dying persons, etc. This 
is the truth concerning everything which I have seen, 
and concerning which I shall be able to swear and will 
swear whenever there may be necessity therefor, once 
and a thousand times. And since it is the truth, I sign 
it at this pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, 
Nov. 29, 1706. 

“FRAY MANUEL DE LA OYUELA Y VELARDE.” 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 215 


CHAPTER VIII. LETTER OF FATHER RECTOR MEL- 
CHOR BARTIROMO IN REGARD TO THE GREAT 
PLEASURE WHICH HIS REVERENCE AND OTHER 
PERSONS HAVE HAD IN THESE ABOVE RELATED 
MISSIONS, OR JOURNEYS, TO THE LAND PAS- 
SAGE TO CALIFORNIA 





As soon as our Fray Manuel de la Oyuela and Al- 
férez Juan Mateo Ramires and I reported our journey 
to the father rector of this mission, his Reverence on 
December 10 wrote me the following: 


With infinite pleasure to myself I am this afternoon in re- 
ceipt of your Reverence’s letter of the fourth instant, and I can 
not write this except in little pieces, because the abundance of 
tears for joy at the good news of the conversion of so many 
souls impedes me at times. And so I can say that it is written 
more with tears than with ink, yet not with tears of pain, but 
of joy, for our Lady of Sorrows wished the sorrows for herself 
and the comfort and pleasure for her children, who are in- 
debted also for the beginnings of the salvation of so many na- 
tions. God reward your Reverence for it, whom with holy 
envy from here I imagine very comforted and very much pleased 
that our Lady permits your Reverence all those labors and the 
steps which you take and took for her holy glory and the good 
of her souls. Dominus sit tibi merces magna nimis."” Per- 
haps some day I too shall have the happiness of being myself 
in those countries, suffering that which I deserve, and laboring 
for the glory of the Lord, although my great sins render me 
unworthy even of these. 


A few days afterward, on December seventeenth, his 
Reverence wrote me the following words: 


I have found a world map which shows California as terra 
firma. It was printed in Rome in the year 1602. ‘The author 
is Arnodo di Alnoldi Tiamengo. Your Reverence shall see it 
over here, for I have put it together with new paper. I had 
it with my books in a chest. 


Thus far the father rector of this mission, Melchor 


177 “The Lord be to thee a reward exceeding great” (see Genesis, xv, i). 


216 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


Bartiromo. Many other fathers and secular gentle- 
men have written other things somewhat similar. The 
father rector at Matape, Adamo Jil,’ on December 30 
adds the following: | 

Father Castner,** who, like Father Vaname** has just 
written me from Great China, has arrived safely at Rome in the 
office of ambassador or procurator of that kingdom of Tartary. 
He is of your Reverence’s province of Bavaria and of upper 
Germany. He is very much beloved of the Chinese and greatly 
beloved as a very zealous, apostolic, missionary laborer in the 
Island of Ssanchon.*** 

General Juan Fernandes de la Fuente on December 
19 wrote me the following: 

I rejoice infinitely at the new journey which you have just 
made to the land passage to California with Alférez Juan 
Mateo Ramires, Commander Juan Anttonio Duran, and Fray 
Manuel de la Oyuela; and that your Reverence and all the 
foregoing persons went, came, and returned in safety, etc. 


CHAPTER IX. OF THE FOUNDING OF A VILLA IN 
THESE NEW CONVERSIONS, WHICH IS CONSIDER- 
ED IN THE LATTER PART OF 1706 AND THE 
BEGINNING OF 1707 


Many persons very zealous in the service of both 
Majesties were of the opinion at this time that [a villa 
should be founded] in these new conversions, for their 
advancement and at the same time for the total relief 
of this province of Sonora, which so many years has 
been so infested by the hostile Hocomes, Janos, and 
Apaches.'* Father Anttonio Leal, who a few years be- 
fore had been visitor of these missions of Sonora and 
formerly had been visitor of the missions of Ssinaloa, 


178 Adam Gilg. 

179 See volume i, 79, footnote 58. 

180 Van Hame. See volume i, 78, footnote 53. 

181 Sanchon, one of the Marianas Islands. 

182 There is apparently an omission in the Ms. here. 





two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 217 


being informed of this plan to found a new villa in the 
vicinity of this province, wrote that if it were accom- 
plished it would be even more advantageous than a pre- 
sidio, and that although it had not been possible to ef- 
fect it hitherto, it would be a most desirable thing and 
extremely advantageous, and that he had tried for and 
sought it for many years.'** 

Many other fathers and also many secular gentlemen, 
alcalde mayors and lieutenants, were of the same opin- 
ion; and there were many persons who offered to go 
personally at their own cost and expense to be colonists 
of the said villa, because the plan was to found it in 
lands very fertile and very suitable for every purpose. 
And many missionary fathers, as well as seculars, of- 
fered very substantial aid in cattle, provisions, clothing, 
silver, etc., for the colonists of the villa and for its 
foundation, and what different well-wishers offered to 
contribute already amounted to more than fifteen thou- 
sand pesos. 

The actual father visitor, Franssisco Maria Picolo, 
on November 10 wrote me from San Joseph de Guay- 
mas the following: 

The founding of the villa seems to me very well worth 
while, and, God giving me health and strength, I shall go, if 
the case requires, to raise the walls and to aid with my hands, 
for 1 love the Pimeria dearly. 

General Juan Fernandes de la Fuente on October 6 
wrote me the following letter from his hacienda of 
Santa Barbara: 


I have seen that your Reverence has received my letters, and 
that Father Rector Melchor Bartiromo approves my advice in 
the matter of the founding of a villa, which it is intended to 
establish among so many and so extensive nations. And I well 
believe that, because of its great importance for the relief of 


183 See ante, page 184, for Manje's opinion on this point. 


218 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





so many millions *9* of souls as are in need of holy baptism, 
all the reverend missionary fathers of this province will take 
heart and rejoice, and that they will aid as much as they can 
and ought toward an undertaking of so great importance, and 
in which the two Majesties are so interested. And, God will- 
ing that the villa be founded, we may promise ourselves that 
the holy Gospel will be propagated through the many nations 
that are discovered and the very many more that will be dis- 
covered in future, for without doubt there will be another new 
world and a very happy Christendom, because of the natural 
good qualities manifested by those discovered, for they are al- 
ready accustomed to sustain themselves by the sweat of their 
brows and: to live in open country *% and in the form of pu- 
eblos, in efforts to secure which most generally consist the toils 
and mortifications of the missionaries and new colonists, where- 
as in those children these arduous difficulties are found already 
conquered. If I had known that your Reverence was com- 
ing to Santa Maria de Basseraca so soon 1 should have gone in 
company with his Reverence, Father Oracio Polisse, who is 
more than full of experience and knowledge of Indians, to wait 
for you, in order to confer in regard to what might appear 
most expedient. 

Your Reverence, with your accustomed Christian and apos- 
tolic zeal, has gained the good will of all the principal men of 
those extensive nations; and well I believe that Captains Coro 
and Pacheco, many others of the interior, and the Ssobaipuris, 
will help us to penetrate to the Quiquimas, who are on the 
land passage to California. And I rejoice more than anyone 
else that at the Feast of our Lady of September 1®°* which your 
Reverence celebrated, so great a number of Christians and 
heathen were present; for it was proposed to me and was very 
proper that the deputy alcalde mayor and royal justice of that 
jurisdiction should certify what number were coming, and were 
present, and what messengers and messages came from remote 
parts with good words, whereby it is recognized that they de- 


184 Millón is used to express an indefinitely large number. 


185 As opposed to dwelling in the mountains, as was the case with the 
Apaches. 


1852 Feast of the nativity of the Blessed Virgin, September 8. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 219 





sire that the holy Gospel should enter into their lands. May 

the Divine Majesty grant that we may succeed in seeing them 

reduced to the royal obedience and to the bosom of our Holy 

Faith, which is what I most desire, etc. And as his Royal 

Majesty aids an enterprise of such consequence with something, 

I shall on my part, immediately sacrifice my life and my es- 

tate in this his royal service, etc. 

Thus far General Juan Fernandes de la Fuente, who 
with this and many other Christian letters manifests 
clearly how great he is, and how Catholic is his zeal for 
the service of both majesties, joined with such long ex- 
perience as he has continually been acquiring in the ser- 
vice of his Royal Majesty, as is well known, he having 
served thirty years in his kingdom of New Galicia and 
in the fleets of Spain, without having asked any reward 
or post, and to all appearance attending only to the 
royal service and to the fulfillment of his duties in the 
extension of the royal dominions, by reducing and paci- 
fying and granting those prayers of Taraumares and of 
other places, etc., for which our Lord will grant that 
his Royal Majesty, God save him, as well as our father 
superiors of our Holy Mother the Company, will be 
pleased to aid us when it is most expedient, particularly 
with the many and very necessary apostolic missionary 
fathers whom we need, since we have already discov- 
ered for them a wealth of souls and since those which 
are being discovered are so numerous and so ripe, for 
they are so many that rightly and well says the above 
mentioned Governor Juan Fernandes de la Fuente (very 
deserving of the government of this kingdom of New 
Navarre, if such should be the pleasure of his Royal 
Majesty, God save him) that in these new conquests a 
new world will be found and a very happy new Chris- 
tendom will be secured. It will be well that it be pro- 
moted, and since said Señor general in another letter 


220 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


which I cited above, recognizes at the same time that 
much more is accomplished through pious and char- 
itable works of apostolic missionaries than by many 
arquebuses, and that in this way at very moderate ex- 
pense to the royal treasury the new conquests and new 
conversions can be perfected, since already they have 
advanced so far, we hope to obtain the boon that by the 
celestial favors of our Lord all this North America is 
to be very happily converted. May his Divine Maj- 
esty grant it. Amen. 


PART V 


OF THE CELESTIAL FAVORS OF 
Jesus and Mary Most Holy, and of the 
Most Glorious Apostle of the Indies, 
San Francisco Xavier, Experienced in 
These New Conquests and New Con- 
versions of These New Nations of This 
Unknown North America. Although 
in This Fifth Part the History of the 
Years 1707, 1708, and 1709 might be 
Continued, in its Place in this Last 
Part is put a Long Report of the Very 
Great Good which, with Immense 
Service to Both Majesties, even at Very 
Little Cost to the Royal Treasury, can 
be Obtained, and of the Many Tem- 
poral Means which Our Lord with His 
Celestial Favors gives us Lavishly in 
These Very Fertile New Lands. 


wR wis 
ue A e 
00 
A 


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A 7 | | 
we ein) it NE ne , 
| | : Syn 
| Lees 
ey 





PROLOGUE TO THE CHARITABLE READER 


It is true that this treatise might continue, and my 
intention was in this fifth part to continue the history 
of the celestial favors experienced in these new conver- 
sions, and to relate what happened in the following 
years, 1707, 1708, and 1709. But as most of it reduces 
itself to the accustomed delays and grievous detentions 
of the missionary fathers and laborers so necessary for 
the harvest of souls, so extensive, so seasoned, and so 
very ripe, which hitherto in the preceding years has 
been noted, it has seemed to me more expedient to place 
in this fifth and last part the long report, divided into 
four books and they into their chapters, which, by sug- 
gestion of my greater superiors and other important 
persons, zealous for the service of both Majesties, I 
have made in the course of recent months, the intention 
being to give a more complete account of what can con- 
tribute most to the total conquest and conversion of all 
this most extensive North America which hitherto has 
been considered as unknown. It will be sufficient for 
the time being to say here that in all these years, thanks 
to His Divine Majesty and to His celestial favors, all 
these very extensive new nations of more than six hun- 
dred leagues in circuit have maintained and now main- 


186 Part V was originally not written as a portion of the Favores Celes- 
tiales, but was incorporated in Kino’s last days as a suitable conclusion. It is 
a report to the king, finished in 1710, the year before Kino’s death, and con- 
sists of an extended argument in favor of the promotion of further conquests 
in California and other parts of the northern country, with a view to the 
establishment of a new kingdom to be called “New Navarre.” 


224 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


tain themselves in very quiet, pacific, friendly and good 
state. 


DEDICATION *% TO HIS SACRED, ROYAL MAJESTY, 
PHILIP V., GOD PRESERVE HIM MANY YEARS 


Your royal Majesty has ordered in your very Cath- 
olic cédula of July 17, 1701, which my father provincial 
of this New Spain, as well as the father visitor of these 
missions of Sonora, sent me in printed form (in it 
being printed my name, though I do not deserve it, and 
the name of Father Juan Maria de Salvatierra), that 
report be made to your royal Majesty of the location 
and state of the heathen communities of this province of 
Sonora; therefore, with this report unknown North 
America places itself at the sacred feet of your royal 
Majesty, for by means of more than two hundred 
leagues of new conquests and new conversions, which 
have a compass or circumference of more than six hun- 
dred leagues and contain very fertile lands and new 
nations already very friendly, discovered in these last 
twenty-three years by the fathers of the Company of 
Jesus in more than fifty expeditions or missions to the 
northeast, northwest, and west, some of which have been 
of fifty, seventy, ninety, one hundred, one hundred and 
fifty, two hundred and more leagues, all these many na- 
tions now remain very well reduced. And they ask 
for fathers and holy baptism, and it would seem that 
they know very well what our Holy Mother, the 
Church, says to them on the first feast day in May, day 
of San Felipe and Santiago, namely Gentiles Salvatorem 





187 This Part V, excepting the title-page and the Prologue, was first 
printed in Bolton, Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542-1706, 433-464. 
That translation is here reproduced, with minor changes, and with the res- 
toration of the chapter headings, which were there omitted. It is seen that 
this report may be regarded as a companion to that of Picolo made just 
eight years earlier, both being in response to the cédula of July 17, 1701. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 225 


videre cupientes ad Philipum accesserunt.** And if in 
those times there was an apostolic Philip to whom the 
Gentiles drew near, it is very notorious that today also 
we have (and we of this unknown North America know 
it) our very grand and Catholic monarch Philip to 
whom these innumerable Gentiles come. 

May the sovereign Lord of the heavens preserve the 
life of your royal Majesty many happy years. Mission 
of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, February 2, 1710. 
The sacred feet of your royal Majesty are kissed by 
your humble chaplain, EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO. 


188 “The Gentiles, desiring to see the Savior, came to Philip” (Roman 
Breviary, lesson tv, Feast of Sts. Philip and James, apostles). 


y i “dy 
' f SS ; 





Report and Relation of the New Conversions of This North 
America,'®® which Comprise more than Two Hundred Leagues of 
Fertile Country, and Extend to the Recently Discovered Land Pas- 
sage 1% to California, which is not an Island but a Peninsula, and is 
Very Populous, and to the Very Large Rio Colorado, which is the 
True Rio del Norte of the Ancients; with New Maps of These 
Nations and of This North America, which hitherto has been Re- 
garded as Unknown. Likewise, of the Very Great Advantage to 
Both Majesties which even at Small Cost to the Royal Treasury can 
be obtained by Sending Father Laborers in the Royal Service to 
These New Conversions, in which, in the Opinion of Prudent Per- | 
sons, can be Formed a New Kingdom, which might be called Kingdom 
of New Navarre. By Father Eusevio Francisco Kino, of the Com- 
pany of Jesus, Missionary for More than Twenty-five *** Years in 
the Missions of California and These New Missions and Conver- 
sions of This Province of Sonora. 

189 That is, of this part of North America. 

190 He refers to his own discoveries between 1699 and 1706. 


191 He came to California in 1683, hence about twenty-seven years before 
writing this report. 


BOOK I. OF THE MOTIVES FOR WRITING 
THIS REPORT AND RELATION 


CHAPTER I. OF THE ROYAL CEDULA OF PHILIP 
THE FIFTH 


For days and years many persons have asked of me 
maps, reports, and accounts of these new conversions, 
and although on various occasions I have given reports, 
at present they are pressing me more urgently, some of 
them alleging first the royal cédula of his Majesty, God 
preserve him, of July 17, 1701, which orders that re- 
port be made to him of the state of California, (which 
has been very well done by the printed report of Father 
Francisco Maria Picolo) and of the “state and location 
of these heathen Indians of these provinces of Sonora.” 


CHAPTER II. OF THE LETTERS OF OUR FATHER 
GENERAL THYRZO GONZALES 


In different letters our father-general, Thyrzo Gon- 
zales, with other superiors, has asked of me reports of 
all edifying incidents that might happen, and of the 
celestial favors of our Lord which we might experience 
in these new conversions, since they are always a source 
of comfort to our people, in Europe especially, and of 
edification to those in foreign lands. 


CHAPTER III. OPINION AND LETTER OF FRAY 
MANUEL DE LA OYUELA 


Fray Manuel de la Oyuela, of the Sacred Order of 
the Seraphic Father San Francisco, having a little more 
than a year ago”” come from his holy monastery of Gua- 





192 Since the incident referred to occurred in October-November, 1706, 


230 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


dalaxara to these provinces of Sonora and to these new 
conversions, to ask alms, went with me on an expedition 
far enough to plainly sight the land route to California 
from the very high hill of Santa Clara, which is north 
of the head of the Sea of California, traversing in going 
and returning more than two hundred and fifty leagues 
of these fertile lands, among Indians so friendly, affable, 
and industrious that his Reverence said that in these 
new conquests and extensive new conversions a new 
kingdom could and should be founded. To this I re- 
plied that if this should come to pass I should rejoice if 
it were called New Navarre, in honor of the blessed 
land of the most glorious apostle of the Indies, San 
Francisco Xavier, my great patron, as other kingdoms 
are named New Viscaia, New Galicia, etc. Afterward, 
while on the way to Guadalaxara, within the last few 
months, his Reverence wrote me that if I did not make 
report of the ripeness of so great a harvest of souls an 
account of them would be required of me in the tri- 
bunal of God. 


CHAPTER IV. LETTER OF THE FATHER RECTOR, 
JUAN DE HURTASSAN 


Two months ago Father Juan de Hurtassan, rector of 
the College of Vera Crus, wrote me the following: 


My FATHER Eusevio Francisco Kino, from Spain persons 
to whom I can not excuse myself are writing me, asking for an 
exact account of the provinces which your Reverence has dis- 
covered, to what degree of latitude and longitude they extend, 
the disposition of the nations, what rivers and lands they com- 
prise, especially those which slope to California from south 
to north, and whether California is an island or a peninsula, or 
which view is more probable; what reports there are of the 
kingdom of La Quivira, in what latitude it is found, how far 





this report must have been begun in 1707 or 1708, though it was not finished 
till 1710. The expedition is described in this volume, pages 193-213. 


' two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 231 





it is to the land of Jesso,*% in that region, whether any rivers 
run into the Sea of the North, or all empty in the Sea of Cali- 
fornia, and, in fine, everything touching this matter; for they 
write me that upon this question there is now much controversy 
in Madrid, with a variety of opinions. If everything can be 
shown on the map, so much the better. I have no doubt your 
Reverence will take this trouble; and, as I conjecture, perhaps 
it will contribute to the glory of God.*** 


CHAPTER V. LETTER OF THE FATHER PROVINCIAL 
JUAN DE ESTRADA 


Some three weeks ago I received a very courteous 
and long letter from my father provincial of this New 
Spain, Juan de Estrada,” in which his Reverence, 
among other things, writes me the following: 


In regard to your Reverence’s coming to Mexico to print 
the map, you will be needed in that Pimeria and new Christen- 
dom and catechumenical heathendom. We see that they print 
relations and maps of less consequence in France; and your 
Reverence may judge whether a map of more consequence and 
novelty, accompanied by some brief relation, with arguments 
and documents showing that the Californias are only peninsu- 
las, will make the printers of France more eager to make the 
map and print the written relation. I have found out that the 
Father Rector, Juan de Hurtassum, asks your Reverence for 
those maps that they may be printed in France, whence they 
are asking for them and for reports of the new conversions and 
lands, to put it all into print. 


- Thus far the letter of my father provincial and the 
reasons for writing this brief report. 


193 For note on Jesso see volume i, 360, footnote. 

194 This passage illustrates the lively interest taken in Kino’s explorations. 

195 Estrada became acting provincial in Nov., 1707. See volume i, 92, 
footnote. 


BOOK II. BEGINNINGS AND PROGRESS OF 
THE NEW CONQUESTS AND NEW CONVER- 
SIONS OF THE HEATHENDOMS OF THIS 
EXTENSIVE PIMERIA AND THE OTHER 
NEIGHBORING NEW NATIONS 


CHAPTER I. OF THE IMMENSE CATHOLIC AND 
LOYAL EXPENDITURES WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE 
FOR ALMOST TWO WHOLE CENTURIES IN THE VA- 
RIOUS NAVIGATIONS AND EXPEDITIONS TO THE 
CALIFORNIAS, WHEREFROM NOW, HOWEVER, 
ARE HAPPILY ORIGINATING THESE NEW CON- 
QUESTS AND NEW CONVERSIONS OF THIS 
NORTH AMERICA 


It is well known that during almost two whole cen- 
turies the royal Catholic crown of Spain has spent more 
than two millions and a half for new conquests and new 
conversions and for the extension of the Holy Evangel, 
and for the eternal salvation of the souls of the Cali- 
fornias; but it appears that, thanks to His Divine Maj- 
esty, the blessed time is now coming when not only the 
conquest and conversion of the Californias is being ac- 
complished, but also at the same time that of these other 
neighboring extensive lands and nations of this North 
America, most of which has hitherto been unknown, 
and when the Lord is providing for the rather poor 
lands of the Californias the necessary aid of these very 
extensive and rich lands, abundant champaigns, and 
fertile rivers and valleys. 

VARIOUS VOYAGES AND EXPEDITIONS TO THE CALI- 
fornias. “The immense but very Catholic expenditures 


EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 235 


above mentioned, which the sovereign Lord always 
most liberally repays, have been those for the various 
navigations and expeditions following: *” 

1533. Inthe year 1533 Don Fernando Cortes, 
eleven years after having conquered Mexico, discov- 
ered California and entered into the port of Nuestra 
Señora de la Paz." 

1535. In1535 Don Anttonio Mendosa, first viceroy 
of this New Spain, sent to California General Fran- 
cisco de Alarcon with twelve other high-decked ships, 
which, however, were all lost.*** 

1597. In 1597 Sebastian Biscaino*” went at his own 
expense to California with five religious of the Order 
of San Francisco. 

1602. In 1602 he went a second time at the expense 
of Philip the Third, with three religious of Nuestra 
Sefiora del Carmen, the Count of Monte Rey being 
viceroy.” 

1606. In 1606 there came to him a royal cédula 
that he should go to colonize the port of Monte Rey, 
which, however, his death prevented.” 

1615. In 1615 Captain Juan Yturbi went with one 
ship. 

1632-1633. In the years 1632, 1633, and a little 
later, Captain Francisco de Ortega went to California 
a first, second, and third time. 

1636. About the year 1636 Captain Carboneli went. 


196 The date numerals in this chapter are marginal in the original, and 
were not reproduced in the translation printed in Bolton, Spanish Explora- 
tions in the Southwest. 

197 Jiménez, sent out by Cortés, discovered the Peninsula of California 
in 1533. 

198 Cortés attempted to found a colony on the Peninsula in 1535; Alar- 
cón's voyage was in 1540. 

199 Vizcaino. 

200 This was the famous expedition during which Monterey Bay was 
discovered. 

200a This is a mistake. Vizcaino lived several years after 1606. 


RO MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


1642. In 1642 Captain Luis Cestin de Cafias went, 
taking with him Father Jacinto Cortes, of the Com- 
pany of Jesus. 

1643-1644. In 1643 and 1644 Philip the Fourth sent 
Admiral Don Pedro Porter Casanate. 

1648-1649. In 1648 and 1649 he went a second time, 
taking with him Father Jasinto Cortes and Father An- 
dres Baes, of the Company of Jesus. 

1664-1667. In 1664, at the expense of his royal Maj- 
esty, Philip the Fourth, Admiral Don Bernardo Ber- 
nal de Pifiadero went the first time, and in 1667 he 
went the second time, with borrowed money. 

1668. In 1668 Captain Francisco Lusenilla went to 
California with two religious of the Order of San Fran- 
CISCO); 


CHAPTER II. IN OUR TIME ALSO ARE CONTINUED 
THE CATHOLIC ROYAL EXPENDITURES FOR THE 
CONQUEST AND CONVERSION OF THE SOULS OF 
CALIFORNIA, AND OUR LORD COMPENSATES 
AND REWARDS THEM 


In the years 1681, 1682, 1683, 1684, and 168s, at a 
cost to the royal treasury of more than half a million,” 
by order of Don Carlos the Second, Admiral Don 
Ysidro de Atondo y Antillon, having built three ships, 
captain’s ship, admiral’s ship, and tender, in the Sinaloa 
River, went with the necessary soldiers and mariners 
to California; at the same time we three missionary 
fathers of the Company of Jesus went also, I going with 
the offices of rector of that mission and cosmographer 
of his Majesty. In pursuance of that enterprise we 
were some months at the post and bay of Nuestra 





201 For accounts of the foregoing voyages see Bancroft, North Mexican 
Noticia de la California, passim; Bolton, Spanish Exploration in the South- 
west, 1542-1706, 1-134, and this work, volume i, 217-222. 

202 Only a quarter of a million in fact. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 237 


Sefiora de la Paz, in latitude twenty-four degrees, and 
more than a year at the Real de San Bruno, in latitude 
twenty-six degrees, whence we went to the opposite 
coast and the Sea of the South, about fifty leagues’ jour- 
ney. We left about four hundred souls reduced. And 
we having come to the harbor of Matanchel, of Nueva 
Galicia, to supply ourselves with some things which we 
needed, the Señor viceroy, Don Thomas, Marqués de la 
Laguna, sent us to meet and warn and rescue the China 
ship, since at the same time the Pichilingues, pirates, 
were waiting for the ship in the port of La Navidad in 
order to rob it. Meeting her within two days, thanks 
be to the Lord, and putting to sea with her, so that she 
might neither come to land nor be seen by the enemies 
who were in the port of La Navidad, we all arrived in 
safety at the port of Acapulco, leaving the pirates 
mocked, and our Lord having rescued four or five mil- 
lions for the royal crown and his loyal vassals, without 
loss, in reward of the very Catholic expenditures which 
the royal monarchy makes in honor of His Divine Maj- 
esty and for the good of countless souls.” 

We have also seen and we now see, at this very same 
time, and in the very years and months of the expendi- 
tures for this above mentioned enterprise of California, 
how God our Lord granted the discovery of the very 
rich mines of the camps which they call Los Frailes, 
Los Alamos, and Guadalupe.”* ‘These posts are op- 
posite, near to, and on the same parallels of twenty-five 
and twenty-six degrees as California, which through 
those Catholic expenditures was intended to be con- 


203 For an account of the efforts of Atondo y Antillén in Lower California, 
see volume i, 37-49. 

204 Los Alamos is on the Rio de Alamos about halfway between the Rio 
Fuerte and the Rio Mayo. Guadalupe was on the Rio Mayo north of present 
town of Alamos. The Real de Los Frailes was about ten miles southwest of 
the present town of Alamos. 


238 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





quered and is being conquered for our holy Catholic 
faith. 

The very richly laden China ship, or Philippine gal- 
leon, having unloaded, most of us went with the ad- 
miral from the port of Acapulco to the City of Mex- 
ico.” There, within a few days, we having conferred 
in regard to the most suitable means for continuing the 
conquest and conversion of California, an appropria- 
tion of thirty thousand pesos was assigned to us; but the 
same week, when eighty thousand pesos had just come 
from Zacatecas and they were about to give it to us and 
let us go, a ship came from Spain, which, with a most 
pressing order, asked five hundred thousand pesos, even 
though it might be borrowed, in order thereby to repay 
at once the damages done to a richly laden French ship 
which a few years before had gone to the bottom of the 
Bay of Cadiz.” Thereupon the conquest and conver- 
sion of California were suspended. 


CHAPTER III. ON THE OCCASION WHEN THE CON- 
QUEST AND CONVERSION OF CALIFORNIA IS SUS- 
PENDED, ALMOST WITHOUT WISH OR WITHOUT 
THOUGHT OF IT A BEGINNING IS MADE OF 
THESE VERY EXTENSIVE NEW CONQUESTS 
AND NEW CONVERSIONS OF THIS UN- 
KNOWN NORTH AMERICA 


As soon as I knew that the conversion of coveted 
California was suspended, I asked and obtained from 
my superiors and his Excellency permission to come 
meanwhile to these heathen coasts nearest to and most 
in sight of California, to the Guaimas and Seris;”* and 





205 Here Kino continues his story of his journey to Mexico after they 
conducted the galleon to Acapulco. 

205a Compare Dunn, W. E., Spanish and French rivalry in the Gulf 
Region of the United States, 1678-1702, 41. 

206 He left Mexico, November 20, 1686. This is the most explicit ex- 
planation which I have seen of Kino’s change of plan. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 239 


I having arrived at the end of February, 1687, in this 
province of Sonora, and gone to Opossura to see the 
Father Visitor, Manuel Gonzales, his Reverence came 
with me to this post of heathen Pimas, as the father of 
Cucurpe, near by, Joseph de Aguilar, was asking of 
him a father for them. We named the place Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores. It is in thirty-two degrees and 
a half of latitude.*” We entered March 12, 1687, 
accompanied by Father Joseph de Aguilar and his 
servants; and the father visitor returning the following 
day to observe Holy Week in his pueblos, I went inland 
two hours after his departure with said Father Joseph 
de Aguilar and some guides, going ten leagues beyond 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, toward the west, to the 
good post and valley which we named San Ygnacio, 
where we found even more people, although they were 
somewhat scattered. We returned by the north through 
the rancheria of Himeres, which we named San Joseph, 
and through that of Doagibubig, which we named 
Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios, which rancherias im- 
mediately, thanks be to the Lord, we began reducing to 
good new pueblos, making a beginning of teaching 
them the Christian doctrine and prayers, by means of a 
good interpreter and a good native helper,” whom I 
procured from the old Pima mission of Los Ures,”” and 
of the building of the churches and house, of crops, etc. 

Afterward I made other missions, or expeditions, to 
the north and farther to the west, and despatched 
friendly messages, inviting all the heathen of these en- 
virons to receive our holy Catholic faith for their eter- 


207 This indicates that in his journey of 1706 he went a degree and a half 
south to 31° —i.e. 90 miles. 

208 He elsewhere gives the date as the thirteenth. See volume i, r10. 

209 Temastián. 

210 This was quite in keeping with the custom of utilizing civilized In- 
dians from the older mission to aid in subduing new converts. 


240 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


nal salvation, in imitation of these Pimas, their relatives 
and countrymen. Soon many came from various parts 
to see me for this purpose, and we arranged for the be- 
ginning of other new missions and pueblos. ‘There 
came to see and to visit us, with great comfort on our 
part and his, Father Manuel Gonzales. He asked and 
obtained, through the Sefior alcalde mayor, four addi- 
tional alms from the royal chest, for four other new 
missions for this extensive Pimeria; and four other mis- 
sionary fathers came to it at the time when I dedicated 
this my first and capacious church of Nuestra Sefiora 
de los Dolores.?” 


CHAPTER IV. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE GOOD BE- 

GINNING IS MADE OF THESE NEW CONQUESTS AND 

NEW CONVERSIONS IN THIS TERRA FIRMA OF THIS 

NORTH AMERICA, THE CONQUEST AND CONVER- 

SION OF CALIFORNIA BY MEANS OF THE INDE- 
FATIGABLE APOSTOLIC INDUSTRY, LABORS, 
AND HOLY ZEAL OF FATHER JUAN MARIA 
DE SALVATIERRA ARE BEGUN AND 
HAPPILY CONTINUED 


1691. Father Juan Maria de Salvatierra having en- 
tered in the year 1691 as visitor of these missions of Sin- 
aloa and Sonora, his Reverence came in December *™ 
from Chinipas to visit us; and, seeing in his holy visit 
to these new missions such fertile, abundant, and pleas- 
ant lands, valleys, and rivers, he expressed the opinion 
that they were the richest he had seen in all the mis- 
sions, to which I replied that it appeared to me also that 
these lands, so rich, might be the relief and support of 
the somewhat sterile and poor California, where we had 
left so many souls scattered and lost, and who were still 


211 The reference is to the coming of Fathers Luis Pineli, Antonio Arias, 
Pedro de Sandoval and Juan del Castillejo. See volume i, 116. 
211a This was December, 1690. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 241 


asking us for holy baptism; and we planned to make 
every endeavor to effect the return with all possible 
haste to continue said conquests and conversions.” 
1697. His Reverence, with his holy zeal, immedi- 
ately, even before setting out from these Pima missions, 
made a very good report to his royal Majesty and his 
royal ministers; and, although in the beginning there 
were difficulties and delays, in the year 1697 said 
Father Juan Maria de Salvatierra, availing himself of 
the alms which he had secured among faithful, pious 
persons, obtained a license from the Sefior viceroy, Don 
Joseph Sarmiento de Valladares y Montesuma, permit- 
ting his Reverence and me to go to California. For this 
purpose his Reverence came from Mexico to the mis- 
sions of Sinaloa and Hyaqui, provided with all that was 
necessary from Mocorito,”* in Sinaloa. He informed 
me of his arrival, and of having accomplished the de- 
sired purpose that we two should go to California, send- 
ing me the very pleasing letter of the father provincial, 
Juan de Palacios, in regard to the matter. Thereupon 
I immediately reported to the father visitor, Horacio 
Polise, and set out to go to Hyaqui and our best be- 
loved California. But, although I was going most 
gladly, they detained me over here as being necessary, 
as the father visitor, Horacio Polise, and the Sefior mil- 
itary commander and alcalde mayor of this province of 
Sonora, Don Domingo Xironsa Petriz de Cruzatt,”* 
wrote me by messenger. Father Francisco Maria Pi- 
colo went in my place to California, and afterwards 
made a glorious report of the good state of California, 


212 Father Salvatierra's visit and the journey with Kino in 1691 are re- 
lated in volume i, 117-121. 

213 Mocorito is located on the Rio Mocorito a few miles east of Casal. 
Casal is on the Southern Pacific Railway, seventy-five miles north of Culiacán. 

214 Governor of New Mexico from 1683 to 1686. 


242 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


which, thanks be to our Lord, goes on being so happily 
conquered and converted that other better pens than 
mine consider and will consider it worth while to write 
of its apostolic missions.*” 


CHAPTER V. WHILE THE CONQUEST AND CONVER- 
SION OF CALIFORNIA ARE BEING CARRIED ON AT 
TWENTY-FIVE, TWENTY-SIX, AND TWENTY-SEVEN 
DEGREES OF LATITUDE, AND OVER HERE COMMUN- 
ICATION WITH IT IS SOUGHT IN THIS OUR LATI- 
TUDE OF THIRTY-TWO, THIRTY-THREE, AND 
MORE DEGREES, I UNDERTAKING FOR THIS 
PURPOSE THE BUILDING OF A VESSEL, BY 
MEANS OF THE MANY EXPEDITIONS IN 
THESE NEW CONVERSIONS A PASSAGE BY 
LAND TO CALIFORNIA IS DISCOVERED IN 
LATITUDE THIRTY-FIVE DEGREES #15 


Remaining, as I did, over here, with the sole relief 
and comfort of the hope that, availing myself of the 
licenses which Father Juan Maria de Salvatierra had 
just brought me from Mexico from the father pro- 
vincial and from his Excellency, I also might be able 
from here to find and open a way to the same California 
and to its reduction, in latitudes thirty, thirty-one, 
thirty-two, thirty-three, thirty-four, thirty-five or more 
degrees, for this purpose I made various missions, or 
expeditions, to the west and to the coast of the Sea of 
California. I undertook the building of a little vessel, 
in sections, part here at Nuestra Señora de los Dolores 
and part at La Consepsion de Nuestra Señora de Ca- 
borca, which is about fifteen leagues distant from the 
Sea of California, and from whose coasts flames and 
smokes in the Californias can be seen. Afterwards, 
however, I suspended the building of the vessel, since 





215 An account of the work of Salvatierra and Picolo in California is 
given by Picolo, ante, pages 46-67. 
2152 Kino here follows his earlier diaries instead of his final conclusions. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 243 


by the divine grace, through different expeditions which 
I made, to the northwest in particular, I discovered 
that in latitude thirty-four and one-half degrees the 
Sea of California ended completely. 

In general, in these twenty-one years, up to the pres- 
ent time I have made from the first pueblo of Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores more than forty expeditions to 
the north, west, northwest, and southwest, of fifty, 
eighty, one hundred, two hundred and more leagues, 
sometimes accompanied by other fathers, but most of 
the time with only my servants and with the governors, 
captains, and caciques of different rancherias or incipi- 
ent pueblos from here and from the interior. 

To THE NORTH AND NORTHEAST. To the north and 
northeast I have travelled ”* on different occasions more 
than one hundred and thirty leagues, to Casa Grande, 
which is a building of the ancients of Montesuma, who 
set out from these lands when they went to found the 
City of Mexico, and to the Rio Grande, or Rio de 
Hila,”" which issues from the confines of New Mexico 
through the Apacheria, and comes to these our Pimas 
Sobaiporis, and afterwards flows more than one hundred 
leagues to the west by the Cocomaricopas and Yumas, 
until it unites with the most voluminous Colorado 
River, which is the true Rio del Norte of the ancients. 
And I have penetrated to the borders and in plain sight 
of the Apacheria, which intervenes between this exten- 
sive Pimeria and the province of Moqui and Zuñi. 

To THE WEST. To the westward of New Mexico 
with different fathers, Father Augustin de Campos, 
Father Marcos Anttonio Kappus, and Father Geronimo 
Minutuli,”* I have penetrated the seventy leagues be- 


216 He encontrado, i.e., entrado. 
218 Campos went in 1693, Kapus in 1694, and Minutili in 1706. 


244 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





tween here and the Sea of California, and far enough to 
get a very plain view of more than twenty-five leagues 
of continuous land of California.”” And now they 
have their missions well founded: Father Augustin de 
Campos at San Ignacio, San Joseph de Himires, and 
Santa Maria Madalena; and Father Geronimo Minu- 
tuli at San Pedro y San Pablo del Tubutama, Santa 
Tereza, and San Antonio del Uquitoa. Besides, there 
are good beginnings of baptisms, building of churches 
and houses, cattle, sheep and goats, horses, sowings and 
harvests of wheat, maize, beans, etc., in the new pueblo 
of Nuestra Sefiora de la Conzepzion del Cabotca, at 
San Antonio de Busanic, and in other parts. 

TO THE NORTHWEST. ‘To the northwest I have trav- 
elled more than two hundred leagues, to the head of the 
Sea of California, where enters the very voluminous, 
populous, and fertile Colorado River, which is the true 
Rio del Norte of the ancients, and the river which Fran- 
cis Drake and his followers called Rio del Coral,” as 
he calls the other, the Hila River, which issues through 
the borders of this Pimeria, Rio de Tizon. It is 
true that on its banks and in its vicinity it has many fire- 
brands,” which the natives in cold weather carry in 
their hands, warming the pit of the stomach to relieve 
their nakedness. At eight or nine in the morning, when 
the sun usually warms up alittle, they throw them away, 
of which I have been an eye-witness. But Drake is 
very much in error in his fabulous demarkation, in 
which he very boldly depicts California as an island, 
saying that its sea extends up to the Sea of the North 
and the much talked of Strait of Anian, for, in these 


219 See the reference map for list of expeditions. 
220 Father Escobar in his Ms. diary of the Oñate expedition to the gulf 


tells of hearing of pearls there, but does not mention Rio del Coral. 
221 Tizones. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 245 


ten years, in fourteen ”* expeditions which I made for 
this purpose, we have plainly discovered that this Sea 
of California extends no further than to thirty-four de- 
grees and a half of latitude, where there is plainly a 
passage to California. By it there continually come to 
us many of those blue shells which are produced only 
on the opposite coast of the above mentioned California 
and South Sea, whereby every year the ship from China 
is accustomed to come. 

On one of these journeys to the northwest Father 
Adamo Jilg went with me to the Yuma”™ nation, by 
order of the Father Visitor Horasio Polise; and Father 
Juan Maria de Salvatierra, who since has been most de- 
servedly father provincial of this Province of New 
Spain, went to San Marcelo del Sonoydag, and far 
enough to observe the closing of these their lands at the 
head of the Sea of California. Father Manuel Gon- 
zales went with me to the very mouth of the large Colo- 
rado River; and only a year and a half ago Fray Man- 
uel de la Oyuela,”* of the Sacred Order of San Fran- 
cisco, went with me to the very high mountain of Santa 
Clara which is exactly north of the head of the Sea of 
California, and from which it is seen most plainly that 
this sea ascends no higher up, and that California has a 
continental connection with this mainland of New 
Spain. Of the truth of this his Reverence, with Al- 
férez Juan Mateo Ramires and Commander Juan 
Duran, gave me a sworn certificate.” 


222 This number is repeated post, page 253. 

223 See the reference map. 

224 Gilg went on the expedition of February-March, 1699; Salvatierra in 
1701; González in 1702; Oyuela in 1706. 

225 Reproduced, pages 209-214. The reference is to the diary by Ramirez, 
reproduced ante, pages 197-208. 


246 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER VI. MORE THAN TWENTY GOVERNORS 

AND CAPTAINS OF THE INTERIOR COME TO NUES- 

TRA SENORA DE LOS DOLORES TO ASK FATHERS 

AND HOLY BAPTISM, AND GO FOR THE SAME PUR- 
POSE TO SANTA MARIA DE BASERACA TO SEE 
THE FATHER VISITOR HORACIO POLIZE, SOME 

OF THEM TRAVELLING IN GOING AND 
RETURNING TO THEIR HOMES FOUR 
HUNDRED LEAGUES 


From two other journeys which I made, one to the 
north and the other to the west, it came about that more 
than twenty governors and captains of this extensive 
Pimeria came from fifty, seventy, ninety, and more than 
one hundred leagues’ journey to this pueblo of Nuestra 
Señora de los Dolores to ask of me fathers and holy 
baptism for all the people of their rancherias. And, I 
having suggested to them that those fathers must be 
asked from the father visitor, who was about one hun- 
dred leagues from here, they asked me to give them 
guides to go with them, that they might go there to ask 
the means of their salvation; so I had to go with them 
for that purpose as far as Santa Maria de Baseraca, 
ninety-six leagues beyond, to see the father visitor, Ho- 
racio Polise, who, particularly since then, has always 
been most sympathetic toward and fond of these new 
conversions.”” He consoled them as best he could, re- 
ceiving them with all affection, promising them that he 
would do his very best to secure for them the necessary 
missionary fathers desired, and they asked them from 
Mexico of the father provincial, Juan de Palacios. In 
his new and large church of Santa Maria de Baseraca 
the father visitor catechised and baptized one of the 
captains, who was named Marcos, after his godfather, 
the governor of Baseraca, and aided us generously, 





226 This was in 1697. For this journey to Baseraca see volume i, 166-168. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 247 


particularly in all the environs of his incipient pueblo 
of San Ambrosio del Busanic. 

The father visitor, Horacio Polise, in thanksgiving 
for the pleasure which he felt at the coming of so many 
new people, although it was in October, chanted a sol- 
emn mass to the three holy kings, who were the first 
to see and recognize and adore the Redeemer of the 
world—Primitie Gentium;”" for some of them came 
more than two hundred leagues, and, with as many 
more which they had to travel in return to their homes, 
the distance was more than four hundred. His Rever- 
ence wrote to the Sefior military commander of this 
province that he also ought to try to inform himself of 
the good state of this Pima nation, since if it were pro- 
moted it would be very advantageous for everything, 
and especially to restrain the enemies of this province 
of Sonora, the Hocomes and Apaches. His Lordship 
therefore sent twenty-two soldiers to Quiburi,”* whither 
we went and found Captain Coro, who with his people 
was dancing over the scalps of some hostile Hocomes 
whom he had killed a little while before. 


227 “The first fruits of the Gentiles.” 
228 In 1697, under Captain Bernal. See volume i, 168-174. 


248 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


CHAPTER VII. ON ANOTHER MISSION, OR JOURNEY, 
OF MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY 
LEAGUES, WHICH I MADE TO THE NORTHEAST, I 
TOOK WITH ME TWENTY-TWO SOLDIERS, THAT 
THEY MIGHT BE EYE-WITNESSES TO THE GOOD 
STATE OF THOSE PIMAS OF THE NORTH AND OF 
THEIR FERTILE VALLEYS, AND WE FOUND SO MANY 
AND SUCH RIPE HARVESTS OF SOULS THAT 
WHEN WE RETURNED FATHER MELCHOR DE 
BARTIROMO CHANTED A SOLEMN MASS 
IN THANKSGIVING AT TOAPE TO 
OUR LADY OF THE CONCEPTION 


On this occasion, when I made a mission, or journey, 
to the neighboring Pimas Sobaiporis, and met the 
twenty-two soldiers and their captain, Christoval Mar- 
tin Bernal, since it was said that in the interior there 
were horses stolen from this province of Sonora, and 
since I knew the contrary to be the fact, and that not 
these Pimas but the Hocomes, Apaches, and Janos were 
the ones who were committing these depredations, 
stealing horses from this province and its frontiers, I 
took them with me, that they might become eye-wit- 
nesses to the very friendly and good state of all these 
Pimas Sobaiporis. Their principal cacique and cap- 
tain, called Aumaric,”” had come with his two sons two 
years before to Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores to be 
catechised and baptized, and he was named Francisco; 
and his elder son was named Francisco Xavier, and the 
other son Horasio Polise. 

We entered together from Santa Ana de Quibori by 
the valley and river of San Joseph de Terrenate,”” Cap- 
tain Coro also accompanying us. We arrived by the 
same river at the very pleasant valley of the Pimas 
Sobaipuris, and at the Rio Grande de Hila, the above 


229 Humaric. 
230 The San Pedro. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 249 


mentioned Captain Francisco Humari coming more 
than thirty leagues to meet and receive us, with his two 
sons, one of whom was governor and the other alcalde 
of his great rancheria of San Fernando.™ In no place 
did we find the least trace of horses stolen from this 
province of Sonora. Everywhere they received us with 
various gifts, and with their many viands. By the Hila 
River we descended more than forty leagues farther to 
the west, to the Casa Grande and to La Encarnacion del 
Tusonimo, where we were received, with much joy 
on his part and on ours, with many crosses and with 
many arches placed on the roads, by the captain of that 
great rancheria, who was called Juan de Palasios, for 
we had given him this name of the actual father pro- 
vincial at his baptism, he being one of those who two 
months before had gone to Santa Maria de Baseraca to 
see Father Visitor Horasio Polise. 

Afterward we returned by the extensive valley of the 
other Pimas Sobaiporis to the west, namely, San Fran- 
cisco Xavier del Baac of the Rio de Santa Maria ;”” and, 
coming by San Caietano, San Gabriel de Guebavi, San 
Luiz de Bacoancos, and Santiago de Cocospera, to this 
pueblo of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, we went also 
to the neighboring pueblos of Cucurpe and Toape, 
where Father Melchor Bartiromo was found. Hear- 
ing that we had found those more than seven thousand 
Pima Sobaiporis so friendly, and disposed to receive 
our holy Catholic faith, and without the very least trace 
of hostilities, or of having stolen horses, and that in al- 
most all places they received us with arches and with 
crosses placed on the roads, and with their many pro- 


231 According to the diaries of 1697 Victoria was Humari’s village. 
232 The Santa Cruz. 


250 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


visions, and that they had given us more than seventy 
little ones to baptize, and that we had given more than 
sixty staffs of office to justices, governors, captains, al- 
caldes, fiscales, constables, etc., and that the principal 
captain of these natives, Humaric, had come more than 
thirty leagues to meet and receive us, said Father Mel- 
chor de Bartiromo chanted another solemn mass at 
Toape to Nuestra Sefiora de la Consepsion, in thanks- 
giving for so happy a result and for the great ripeness 
of that harvest of so many souls. 


CHAPTER VIII. IN ANOTHER MISSION OR JOURNEY 

WHICH THE FATHER VISITOR, ANTTONIO LEAL, 

AND FATHER FRANCISCO GONSALVO AND I MADE 

TO THE NORTHWARD, RETURNING BY THE WEST, 
WE SAW MORE THAN EIGHT THOUSAND OTHER 
PIMAS; AND THE FATHER VISITOR WITH HIS 

PATERNAL HOLY ZEAL SECURED FOR US 
SOME FATHER LABORERS 


In all the more than forty journeys or missions which 
I made into the interior, through the teaching of the 
Christian doctrine and the love and fear of God, in or- 
der that the poor natives may arrive at eternal good 
fortune and escape from the eternal fires, and through 
the charitable, paternal, and good treatment which ac- 
cording to our holy institute we have attempted to give 
these poor Indians, they have always given me many 
little ones to baptize. In the first journey or mission, 
which, coming from the Rio Grande, from the north 
to the south, I made to these coasts of the Sea of Cali- 
fornia,’ where they never had seen any white face or 
Spanish person in the eighty leagues of coast which I 
travelled,”* more than five thousand Indians being sub- 


233 That of 1698. 
234 This is a very good indication that it was commonly understood that 
Kino was the pioneer in that region. The reference is to the journey of 1698. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 251 


dued, four hundred and thirty-five infants were pre- 
sented to me to baptize in the great rancheria alone 
which we named San Fransisco.”” On the fourth of 
October, after mass, they gave me one hundred and 
two little ones to baptize; and in the afternoon, at the 
neighboring rancheria which followed it, and which we 
named San Serafin, they gave me sixty others. 

When, two years afterwards, the father visitor, 
Anttonio Leal,”* in his holy and apostolic visit, pene- 
trated with Father Francisco Gonzalvo and me, more 
than eighty leagues northward and went as far as San 
Francisco Xavier del Baac of the Sobaiporis, and as far 
as San Agustin,” and returned by the westward, he ar- 
rived at San Serafin and San Fransisco, solemnizing 
several baptisms in different places, greatly consoling 
and edifying all this extensive Pimeria and its neigh- 
boring nations; and at San Serafin and San Fransisco 
the little ones whom IJ had previously baptized received 
his Reverence with tiny crosses in their hands, a great 
number of which were afterwards collected, some 
being given to the father visitor and others to me. 
Those which they gave me I took to Nuestra Sefiora de 
los Dolores. The father visitor, with his paternal holy 
zeal, was captivated by, and looked always with his 
very warm love and affection upon, these new conver- 
sions and these holy new Pima missions; and having 
visited this one of Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, that 
of San Y gnacio, and that of San Pedro y San Pablo del 
Tubutama, he aided us to secure some fathers for the 
rest. * 


235 San Francisco del Adid. 

236 In October-November, 1699. See volume i, 203-210. 

237 San Agustin del Oyaur, north of where Tucson now stands. Across 
the river and farther south was San Cosme del Tucson. 

238 They came in 1701. They were Fathers Juan de San Martin, Fran- 
cisco Gonzalvo, Ignacio de Yturmende, and Gaspar de las Barrillas. 


252 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER IX. IN THE TWENTY-ONE YEARS SINCE 
THESE NEW CONVERSIONS WERE BEGUN MORE 
THAN THIRTY THOUSAND SOULS HAVE BEEN RE- 
DUCED TO OUR FRIENDSHIP AND TO THE DESIRE 
OF RECEIVING OUR HOLY CATHOLIC FAITH; 
AND IF FOR THIS PURPOSE NECESSARY FA- 
THERS BE GIVEN, THERE ARE WELL- 
FOUNDED HOPES THAT, GOD WIL- 
LING, MORE THAN AS MANY 
OTHERS CAN BE WON 


With all these expeditions or missions that have been 
made to a distance of two hundred leagues in these new 
heathendoms in these twenty-one years, there have been 
brought to our friendship and to the desire of receiving 
our holy Catholic faith, between Pimas, Cocomari- 
copas, Yumas, Quiquimas, etc., more than thirty thou- 
sand souls, there being sixteen thousand of Pimas alone. 
I have solemnized more than four thousand*”* bap- 
tisms, and I could have baptized ten or twelve thousand 
Indians more if the lack of father laborers had not ren- 
dered it impossible for us to catechise them and instruct 
them in advance. But if our Lord sends, by means of 
his royal Majesty and of the superiors, the necessary 
fathers for so great and so ripe a harvest of souls, it will 
not be difficult, God willing, to achieve the holy bap- 
tism of all these souls and of very many others, on the 
very populous Colorado River, as well as in California 
Alta, and atthirty-five degrees latitude and thereabouts, 
for this very great Colorado River has its origin at 
fifty-two degrees latitude.”*° 

And here I answer the question asked of me in the 
letter of the Father Rector Juan Hurtasum, as to 
whether some rivers run into the North Sea or all emp- 


239 Ortega and others who follow him say forty thousand, adding a cipher 
by mistake. 


240 In reality about 43° 20’ N. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 253 


ty into the Sea of California, by saying that since this 
Colorado River, which is the Rio del Norte of the 
ancients, carries so much water, it must be that it comes 
from a high and remote land, as is the case with the 
other large volumed rivers of all the world and ter- 
raqueous globe; therefore the other rivers of the land 
in fifty-two degrees latitude probably have their slope 
toward the Sea of the North, where Husson ** wintered. 
Some more information can be drawn from the maps 
which I add to this report; and in order not to violate 
the brevity which I promised herein, I will add only 
that in regard to the fourteen”*”* journeys of two hun- 
dred leagues to the northwest, I have written a little 
treatise of about twenty-five sheets which is entitled 
“Cosmographical Proof that California is not an Island 
but a Peninsula,” *** etc.; and that of these new discov- 
eries and new conversions in general, by order of our 
Father-General, Thirso Gonzales, I am writing another 
and more extensive treatise, with maps, of which more 
than one hundred sheets are already written. By sug- 
gestion of his Reverence it is entitled “Celestial Favors 
of Jesus Our Lord, and of Mary Most Holy, and of the 
most Glorious Apostle of the Indies, San Francisco 
Xavier, experienced in the New Conversions of these 
New Nations of these New Heathendoms of this North 
America.” *** 


241 Hudson. 

242 Kino here repeats the number fourteen given in this connection on 
page 245. 

243 Manifesto Cosmografico de que la California no es Ysla sino Penin- 


sula, 
244 From this it is seen that Part v was not at first intended as a part of 


the Favores Celestiales. 


BOOK III. OF THE VERY GREAT ADVAN- 
TAGE TO BOTH MAJESTIES WHICH CAN BE 
OBTAINED BY THE PROMOTION OF THESE 
NEW CONQUESTS AND CONVERSIONS, 
ON ACCOUNT OF THE MANY GREAT 
BENEFITS AND UTILITIES WHICH 
THEY PROMISE 


CHAPTER I. THAT THESE NEW CONVERSIONS, 
THEIR NEW MISSIONS BEING PROMOTED, WILL BE 
ABLE TO SERVE AS A VERY GREAT OR TOTAL RE- 
LIEF FOR THIS PROVINCE OF SONORA FROM THE 
ENEMIES WHO FOR SO MANY YEARS HAVE CON- 
TINUALLY INFESTED IT, AND WHO ARE THE © 
HOCOMES, JANOS, AND APACHES, FOR THESE 
OUR PIMAS WITH THEIR CAPTAIN CORO, 
AND EVEN WITHOUT HIM, ARE ACCUS- 
TOMED FREQUENTLY TO GIVE 
THEM GOOD BLOWS 


For many years this province of Sonora has suffered 
very greatly from its avowed enemies, the Hocomes, 
Janos, and Apaches,’ through continual thefts of 
horses and cattle, and murders of Christian Indians and 
Spaniards, etc., depredations which in many years not 
even the two expensive presidios, that of Janos** and 
that of this province of Sonora, have been able to check 
completely, for still these enemies continue to infest, as 
always, all this province of Sonora, with their accus- 
tomed murders and robberies and their very notorious 


245 Tribes living, in general, northeast of Dolores. See the reference map. 
246 Janos is in northern Chihuahua. The Sonora presidio was that of 
Santa Rosa Corodéguachi. 


EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 255 


and continued hostilities. “They have already reached 
and they now go as far as Acenoquipe,”” in the Valley 
of Sonora itself; and as far as Tuape, in the Valley of 
Opodepe, and as far as San Ygnacio and Santa Maria 
Magdalena, in this Pimeria. 

But, by founding very good missions for them in 
these new conquests and conversions, particularly in the 
good eastern valley of the great valley of Santa Ana de 
Hiburi,”* where Captain Coro is at present, who al- 
ready is a Christian and is called Anttonio Leal, a great 
restraint can be placed upon these enemies, who are ac- 
customed to live in the neighboring sierras of Chigui- 
cagui; and by fortifying for said Captain Coro his 
great ranchería, for a new pueblo, as shortly, God wil- 
ling, we shall fortify him for the protection of Santa 
Maria Baseraca, he will continue better his accustomed 
expeditions against these enemies; and he will be able 
to chastise them, as he is accustomed to do, winning 
very good victories, as always, and even much greater, 
for the total relief of this province of Sonora, just as 
when a few years ago” he killed at one blow more than 
two hundred of those enemies, and as four months ago, 
in the expedition which he made in pursuit of those 
who were carrying off cattle and horses from the Real 
de Bacanuche, he killed fifteen adult enemies and car- 
ried off ten little prisoners. One of them J have here 
in my house. Having baptized and catechised them, 
I named one of them Joan Miguel, which are the 
names of our Father-General and of the Provincial; 
the other I named Philipo, in honor of our very Cath- 
olic monarch, God save him. 





247 Sinoquipe. 
248 Quiburi, in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona. 
249 In 1698. See volume i, 178-181. 


256 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 


CHAPTER Il THAT -PRUDENT PERSONS. -THINK 
THAT IN THESE TWO HUNDRED LEAGUES OF NEW 
CONQUESTS A NEW KINGDOM CAN BE FOUNDED 


The promotion of these new conversions will serve 
also for the advancement, good government, and good 
administration of the many more missions which can be 
founded farther on, for there are prudent and weighty 
persons, zealous for the service of the Majesties, who 
are of the opinion that in these more than two hundred 
leagues of new rich lands, inhabited by Indians indus- 
trious and newly conquered and reduced, a new king- 
dom can with ease be founded, which might be called 
New Navarre, as others are called New Viscaia, New 
Galisia, New Kingdom of Leon, etc. 


CHAPTER III. THAT, GOD WILLING, ONE CAN EN- 
TER SHORTLY TO THE NORTH AND NORTHEAST TO 
THE REDUCTION OF THE NEIGHBORING APA- 
CHERIA, AND TO THE NORTHWEST UP 
THE LARGE VOLUMED RIO COLORADO, 

OR RIO DEL NORTE 


By promoting the new conversions of this extensive 
Pimeria, with the favor of Heaven we shall be able 
shortly to enter upon the reduction and conversion of 
the neighboring Apacheria, which lies to the north and 
northeast of us, and extends northwest to the very large 
Colorado River, or Rio del Norte, above the thirty- 
fifth, thirty-sixth, and thirty-seventh degrees of lati- 
tude, and beyond, for we know that it flows from north- 
east to southwest and issues about ten leagues west of 
the province of Moqui;* for, we having sent messages 
to those natives up the Colorado River, already they in- 
vite us to enter to see them, and already they give us 
certain reports that soon, in imitation of the rest over 





250 The Hopi, of northeastern Arizona. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 257 


here, they will be won to our friendship and to the 
desire of receiving our holy Catholic faith. 


CHAPTER IV. THAT WE SHALL BE ABLE TO ENTER 
TO TRADE WITH THE PEOPLE OF MOQUI AND ZUNI, 
AND OF NEW MEXICO, WHICH ARE ALSO IN 
THIRTY-SIX AND THIRTY-SEVEN DEGREES 
OF LATITUDE, FOR WE HAVE REACHED 
THEIR VICINITY IN THIRTY-FOUR 
DEGREES LATITUDE AND MORE 


By way of the same Apacheria, which is in thirty- 
two degrees latitude, we shall be able, with the divine 
grace, to enter to trade with New Mexico and with its 
nearest provinces, Moqui and Zuñi, for on an average 
it is not more than forty or fifty leagues, which is the 
distance at thirty-four degrees latitude, where live our 
already well-subdued and domestic Pimas Sobaiporis of 
San Fernando,” the most remote, at the junction of the 
rivers Hila and San Joseph de Terrenate, or de Qui- 
buri; at latitude thirty-six degrees, where are situated 
the provinces of Moqui and Zuñi; and as far as thirty- 
seven degrees, in which is found the Villa of Santa Fe 
of New Mexico; for we have also certain reports that 
before the revolt of New Mexico the Spaniards of 
those provinces used to come by way of the Apacheria to 
these our most remote Pimas Sobaiporis to barter hatch- 
ets, cloth, sackcloth, blankets, chomites,*” knives, etc., 
for maize.” 





2502 In 1697 the last village on the San Pedro was Victoria, some dis- 
tance from the junction. See page 249, footnote 231. 

251 Chomite, a kind of skirt. 

252 This is evidence of trade in the seventeenth century between New 
Mexico and Arizona. 


258 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER V. THAT A WAY CAN BE OPENED EVEN 
TO OTHER MORE DISTANT EXPEDITIONS AND CON- 
QUESTS, AS TO THE NORTHWARD, TO GRAN 
TEGUAYO, TO THE NORTHWEST, TO GRAN 
QUIVIRA, TO THE WEST, TO CALIFOR- 

NIA ALTA AND PUERTO DE MONTER- 

REY, CAPE MENDOSINO, ETC. 


With the promotion of these new conversions not 
only will the Christian settlements already formed, new 
and old, have more protection, and be defended by 
them, as has been suggested, but at the same time a 
way will be opened to many other new conquests, and 
new conversions, in many other more remote new lands 
and nations of this still somewhat unknown North 
America; as for example, to the northward, to Gran 
Teguayo; to the northwest, to Gran Quibira; and to 
the west, to California Alta, of this our same latitude of 
thirty-four, thirty-five, thirty-six degrees, and farther, 
and to its opposite coast and the South Sea; and to its 
great Bay of the Eleven Thousand Virgins;** to the 
famous port of Monte Rey, which is in neighboring 
and fertile lands (and a royal cédula came to Sebastian 
Biscaino that he should go to colonize it), and to the 
very renowned Cape Mendozino. 


CHAPTER VI. THAT IN TIME WE SHALL BE ABLE 
TO TRADE WITH NEW FRANCE AND OPEN A WAY 
TO EUROPE SHORTER BY HALF THAN THAT 
WHICH WE TRAVEL VIA VERA CRUZ 


At the same time, after having entered to Moqui and 
New Mexico, to the northwest and the east, it will be 
possible to have communication with New France, and 
with the new conquests, conversions, and missions which 


253 Port San Quentin. See Bolton, Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 
73-76, 453- 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 259 


at present they are making with their glorious and 
apostolic journeys from east to west. And if we enter 
to the north and northeast, and afterwards turn to the 
east, it will be possible to open a way to Europe from 
these new conquests and conversions of this North 
America where we are, only half as long as the road 
which we now have and are accustomed to travel, by 
way of the City of Mexico and the Port of Vera Cruz; 
for if the one road is much more than two thousand 
leagues, the other will be little more than a thousand.” 


CHAPTER VII. THAT TO THE WESTWARD BY CON- 
TINUOUS LANDS, BY THE LAND OF IESSO,* BY THE 
LAND WHICH THEY CALL TIERRA DE LA COMPAÑIA, 
AND BY THE STRAIT OF ANIAN, IN TIME ONE 
WILL BE ABLE TO PASS FROM THIS AMERICA 
TO ASIA AND TO GREAT TARTARY 
AND TO GREAT CHINA 


Just as to the northeast and east of this North Amer- 
ica we shall be able to have a shorter road to Europe, 
in the same way we shall be able to have by the north- 
west and the west a convenient land route to Asia, and 
to Great Tartary, and to Great China, since to the west- 
ward of Cape Mendosino and connected therewith fol- 
lows the land of Jesso;*° afterwards come the lands 
which they call Tierra de la Compañia*” (may our 
Lord grant that some day it may be of the Company of 
Jesus and converted to our holy Catholic faith) and the 
land nearest to Japan; and afterward the narrow Strait 
of Anian, which is no more than ten or twelve leagues 
across, and has the convenience of an island in the mid- 


254 The opening of a northeastern route to Europe by way of the north- 
ern interior had been contemplated since the sixteenth century. 

255 See volume i, 360, footnote. 

256 See 1bid. 

257 See ibid. 


260 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


dle of which to pass to Great Tartary, and from there 
to Great China. For lately the very learned author of 
the very curious new Geographic Mirror," Don Pedro 
de Mendosa, knight of the Order of Calatrabe,™ 
notes that a few years ago Father Grimaldi, of our 
Company, having gone from Great China to Great 
Tartary, near those places and countries, learned that 
the sea, where I know that the Strait of Anian enters, 
was no farther distant than forty days’ journey. And it 
is patent that there is no other Strait of Anian than this 
which I here mention, for although Drake, in order to 
carry his point that California was an island, would 
feign another Strait of Anian with another much- 
talked-of Sea of the North over here above California, 
and that he had turned back from his navigation, yet it 
is all false. 


CHAPTER VIII. THAT ONE CAN PASS TO THE OP- 
POSITE COAST OF CALIFORNIA TO ESTABLISH A 
PORT OF CALL FOR THE SHIP FROM CHINA, AND 

SUCCOR THE MANY PERSONS SICK OF SCURVY 

WHICH IT IS ACCUSTOMED TO BRING; AND 

THE INHABITANTS OF THESE NEW CON- 
QUESTS, IN ALL THE KINGDOM OF 
NEW VISCAIA, ETC., WILL BE ABLE 
TO TRADE WITH IT 


Another great advantage of much value to both Maj- 
esties will be that these new conversions and this prov- 
ince of Sonora and all the kingdom of Nueva Biscaia, 
by way of the Rio Grande, or Hila, which is that of El 
Tison, and by the land route to California, will be able 
to provide a port of call to the China ship,”” and trade 
with her, and succor with fresh food persons sick with 


258 Hurtado de Mendoza (Pedro), Espejo Geographico. Segunda y ter- 
cera parte, contiene la descripción del Globo Terrayneo (Madrid, 1691). 

259 Calatrava. 

260 The Manila galleon. 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 261 


the very painful disease of scurvy which she is accus- 
tomed to bring with her, originating from their salt, 
dry, and stale food, and all with very great advantages 
and gains for all, obviating the very long and costly 
transportation of many of their goods from these lati- 
tudes above thirty degrees to the port of Acapulco and 
from Acapulco to Mexico, and to these provinces of 
Nueva Biscaya, etc. And this port of call, with all due 
deference to the navigators of the China ship, it ap- 
pears, might be at the Bay of ‘Todos Santos, or at the 
famous neighboring port of San Diego of the opposite 
coast, which are at about the same latitude (though a 
little below) as the passage by land to California, that 
is, at thirty-five degrees. 


CHAPTER IX. THAT WE SHALL HAPPILY COMPLY 
WITH THAT WHICH IN SO CATHOLIC A MANNER SO 
MANY ROYAL CEDULAS CHARGE US WITH, NAMELY, 
THAT IN A MATTER SO VERY ESSENTIAL WE 
MUST REPORT THESE HEATHENDOMS THAT 
LIVE IN SUCH HELPLESSNESS, IN ORDER TO RE- 
DUCE THEM AND CONVERT THEM TO OUR 
HOLY CATHOLIC FAITH, THUS TRANSFER- 
RING THE BURDEN FROM THEIR 
CONSCIENCES TO THOSE OF US 
WHO LIVE NEARER TO THEM 


There are royal cédulas and royal provisions which 
charge us to report the new heathendoms, and happily 
we shall comply with them if we try to secure, as is so 
just, the promotion of these new conversions. 

JULY 17, 1701. The new royal cédula of our very 
Christian, very Catholic monarch, Philip the Fifth, 
God save him many happy years, of July 17, 1701, or- 
ders that report be made to him not only of the state of 
the new conversions of California, which already has 
been very well executed in the minute printed report 


262 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





by Father Francisco Maria Picolo, but “also of the lo- 
cation and state of the uncivilized heathen Indians of 
this province of Sonora, etc.” 

And the royal cédula of his immediate predecessor, 
Don Carlos the Second, God rest his soul, charges the 
same, as given me by the royal Audiencia of Guada- 
laxara, inserted in my royal provision, when twenty- 
one years ago I came from California and from Mexico 
to these new conversions of this extensive Pimeria. 

MAY 4, 1686. It is dated at Buen Retiro, May 4, 
1686. With this royal cédula his royal Majesty re- 
lieves his conscience, and that of the royal council, by 
burdening the consciences of those of us who live over 
here near and bordering upon these heathen nations, in 
order to seek the means for the eternal salvation of so 
many souls in this North America who live in such 
helplessness and even neglect, as the royal cédula ex- 
presses it, as hitherto has been unknown, in a matter so 
very essential, and by commanding that all the time 
possible be gained for him therein without sparing ex- 
pense, since it is plainly recognized that our Lord al- 
ways repays well known and very much augmented in- 
crease to the royal crown. All these are words from 
the royal cédula.?” 


CHAPTER X. THAT THE ROYAL EMPIRE OF THE 
CATHOLIC MONARCH AND OF OUR HOLY MOTH- 
ER, THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, SHALL 
BE HAPPILY EXTENDED 


It is plain, moreover, that by the Catholic promotion 
of these new conquests and conversions, or the new 
kingdoms of this New Navarre, the Catholic empire of 
the Catholic royal crown and of our holy mother, the 


261 See volume i, 109. The date is given there as May 14, 1686. Kino 
does not quote exactly here but in substance only. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 263 


Roman Catholic Church, is happily extended, so that 
happily all the world may be one fold with one shep- 
herd (utt fiat unum ovile et vnus Pastor), and this, by 
the divine grace, without great expenditure from the 
royal chests, and with only the accustomed alms for the 
missionary fathers, because the natives are so subdued 
and so domestic that they themselves, even without the 
expense of sustaining soldiers, are able to inflict and do 
inflict very exemplary punishment for whatever evil, 
crime, theft, adultery, or murder which may or is ac- 
customed to happen. 


CHAPTER XI. THAT FOR THE PROMOTION OF THESE 
NEW CONQUESTS AND NEW CONVERSIONS WE HOPE 
TO SECURE FROM HIS HOLINESS SOME FAVOR- 
ABLE INDULGENCES AND FROM HIS ROYAL 
CATHOLIC MAJESTY SOME PRIVILEGES 
AND IMMUNITIES, ETC. 


At the same time we hope, God willing, that by 
means of our superiors over here in Mexico, and those 
in Madrid and Rome, we shall bring it about that his 
Holiness will grant to all the benefactors and promoters 
of these new conquests and new conversions some very 
favorable indulgences, and fullest spiritual favors of a 
jubilee *” in life and for the hour of death; and that also 
his royal Majesty, God save him many years, will be 
pleased to honor the benefactors and promoters with 
immunities, privileges, and exemptions, from his royal 
magnificence and magnanimous liberality. And per- 
haps of these benefactors there may be formed a pious 
congregation of Mary Most Holy and of the Twelve 
Disciples, as it is said there is one in Peru. | 


262 Jubileos plenísimos. 


264 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


CHAPTER XII. THAT WE SHALL BE ABLE TO MAKE 
CORRECT MAPS OF THIS UNKNOWN NORTH AMER- 
ICA, AND WITH CERTAIN INFORMATION EMERGE 
FROM THE ERRORS IN WHICH THOSE PLACE US 
WHO FEIGN A CROWNED KING WHO IS CARRIED 
IN GOLDEN CHAIRS, AND LAKES OF QUICKSIL- 
VER AND OF GOLD, WALLED CITIES, ETC. 


If we continue with the promotion and advancement 
of these new conversions, we shall be able to continue 
to make correct maps of this North America, the greater 
part of which has hitherto been unknown, or practical- 
ly unknown, for some ancients blot the map with so 
many and such errors and with such unreal grandeurs 
and feigned riches as a crowned king whom they carry 
in chairs of gold, with walled cities, and lakes of quick- 
silver and gold, or amber, and of corals. With reason 
Father Mariana*® rebukes them for deceiving us with 
these riches that do not exist. ‘They do not say a word 
about the principal riches that exist there, which are 
the innumerable souls ransomed by the most precious 
blood of our Redeemer, Jesus Christ, and these accom- 
panied by the very abundant conveniences and tem- 
poral means, utilities, facilities, and opportunities which 
immediately and without any fiction I shall mention in 
this fourth part of this report. 


263 See volume i, 359. 


BOOK IV. OF THE MANY TEMPORAL 
MEANS, FACILITIES, AND OPPORTUNITIES 
WHICH OUR LORD OFFERS AND GIVES 
IN THESE NEW CONVERSIONS FOR SE- 
CURING THIS GREAT ADVANTAGE 
FOR BOTH MAJESTIES 


CHAPTER I. THAT IN THESE VERY FERTILE LANDS 
OF THESE NEW CONQUESTS THERE ARE ALREADY 
MADE MANY FIELDS OF WHEAT AND MAIZE, 
AND GOOD GARDENS AND VINEYARDS, AND 
VERY MANY MORE CAN BE MADE 


The greater the means the greater our obligation to 
seek the salvation of so many souls in the very fertile 
and pleasant lands and valleys of these new conquests 
and conversions. ‘There are already very rich and 
abundant fields, plantings and crops of wheat, maize, 
frijoles, chick-peas, beans, lentils, bastard chick-peas, 
etc. There are good gardens, and in them vineyards 
for wine for masses, with cane-brakes of sweet cane for 
syrup and panocha,™ and, with the favor of Heaven, 
before long for sugar. There are many Castilian fruit 
trees, such as fig-trees, quinces, oranges, pomegranates, 
peaches, apricots, pear-trees, apples, mulberries, pe- 
cans, prickly pears, etc., with all sorts of garden stuff, 
such as cabbages, melons, watermelons, white cabbage, 
lettuce, onions, leeks, garlic, anise, pepper, mustard, 
mint, Castilian roses, white lilies, etc., with very good 


264 Panocha, a sort of candy made by boiling cane sap. 


266 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





timber for all kinds of building, such as pine, ash, cy- 
press, walnut, china-trees, mesquite, alders, poplar, wil- 
low, tamarind, etc. 


CHAPTER II. THAT WITH THE VERY GOOD PAS- 
TURES OF THESE NEW CONQUESTS MANY 
RANCHES ARE STOCKED WITH CATTLE AND 

SHEEP AND GOATS, AND WITH HORSES, ETC. 


Another temporal means which our Lord gives us for 
the promotion of these new conquests are the plentiful 
ranches which are already stocked with cattle, sheep, 
and goats, many droves of mares, horses, sumpters— 
mules as well as horses—pack animals necessary for 
transportation and commerce, with very rich and abun- 
dant pastures all the year, to raise very fat sheep, pro- 
ducing much tallow, suet, an soap, which already is 
made in abundance. 


CHAPTER III. THAT THE CLIMATE IS VERY GOOD 
AND RESEMBLES THE BEST IN EUROPE 


The climate of most of these lands and new con- 
quests where the promotion of these new conversions is 
asked, is very good and pleasant, and somewhat similar 
to that of Mexico and to the best of Europe, with 
neither too great heat nor too great cold. 


CHAPTER IV. THAT THERE ARE MINERAL LANDS 


In these new nations and new lands there are many 
good veins and mineral lands bearing gold and silver; 
and in the neighborhood and even in sight of these new 
missions and new conversions some very good new min- 


ing camps of very rich silver ore are now being estab- 
lished. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 267 


CHAPTER V. THAT THE NATIVES ARE INDUSTRI- 
OUS INDIANS AND FRIENDLY PEOPLE 


The natives of these new conquests and new nations 
are industrious Indians, who are docile, affable, and 
very friendly, and at the same time warlike and valiant, 
able to defend themselves against their enemies and to 
fight against our adversaries, the enemies of this prov- 
ince of Sonora, for these our Pimas defend themselves 
very well, better than any other nation whatsoever, 
against the warlike Apaches, and their allies, the Ho- 
comes, Janos, etc.; and they continually win very good 
victories over them, even with notable relief to this 
province of Sonora, taking away from them at times 
their prisoners and stolen articles. 


CHAPTER VI. THAT THESE NATIVES HAVE FOR 
TRADE AND FRIENDLY COMMERCE THEIR FAB- 
RICS, FINELY WROUGHT BASKETS, ANTELOPE 
SKINS, BUCKSKINS, BEZOAR STONES, ETC. 


These natives, particularly those of this extensive 
Pimeria, have very good fabrics of cotton and of wool; 
also many nicely made baskets, like hampers, of differ- 
ent sizes, many colored macaw feathers, many deer and 
buffalo hides, and toward the sea coast much bezoar, 
and the efficacious contrayerba,” and in many parts the 
important medicinal fruit called jojoba.” 


CHAPTER VII. THAT IN THESE COASTS THERE ARE 
- GOOD SALT BEDS, AND GOOD FISHERIES 
CAN BE ESTABLISHED 


On this coast of the Sea of California, or Californian 
Gulf, of these new conquests, we have very good salt 





265 Dorstenia contrayerba, a medicinal plant. 

266 An American fruit “similar to judias [phaseolus vulgaris], small and 
of the color of a chestnut. The inside is white and bitter, but pleasing to 
the taste. It is used as a digestive” (Diccionario! Salvat). 


268 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


beds, of white as well as rock salt; and there are inlets 
and posts very suitable for fishing for all sorts of very — 
savory fish, shrimps, oysters, etc. 


CHAPTER VIII. THAT ALL THE YEAR THE PRINCI- 
PAL NATIVES OF THESE NEW CONQUESTS COME 
FIFTY, SEVENTY, ONE HUNDRED AND MORE 
LEAGUES FROM THE INTERIOR TO SEE ME 
AND TO ASK HOLY BAPTISM AND MIS- 
SIONARY FATHERS 


All these nations, not only those of this extensive 
Pimeria, but also those of the neighboring Cocomari- 
copas, Yumas, Quiquimas, etc., all the year continually 
come to see me fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hun- 
dred and fifty and more leagues from the interior. 
Others from even more remote parts have sent very 
friendly messages and gifts, among them blue shells 
from the opposite coast and South Sea, and they ask me 
to go to see them and baptize them, and to obtain for 
them missionary fathers who may go to minister to 
them. 


CHAPTER IX. THAT BESIDES COMING FROM THE 
INTERIOR THEY SET OUT AND GO TWENTY-FIVE, 
FIFTY, AND ONE HUNDRED LEAGUES FARTHER 
OUTSIDE, TO SEE THE FATHER VISITORS AND 
RECTORS AND ALCALDE MAYORS, AND TO ASK 
OF THEM MISSIONARY FATHERS 


Not only do these natives come so many leagues to 
this my pueblo of Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores to ask 
of me the succor of the missionary fathers whom they 
need, but as I can not give them and do not obtain them 
for them, many of the governors, captains, and caciques, 
after having come from the north, northwest, west, etc., 
fifty, seventy, one hundred, and more leagues, go and 
have gone many times to see the father visitors and 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, $.)J. 269 


father rectors and alcalde mayors and their deputies, 
to the Valley of Sonora, to the Real de San Juan, and to 
Oposura.*” Sometimes they have gone to the valley of 
Santa Maria de Baseraca, which is about one hundred 
leagues distant from here. Last year** during the 
journey and visit of Father Visitor Francisco Maria 
Piccolo to the Pimeria, more than thirty governors, cap- 
tains, alcaldes, fiscals, etc., came from the interior, all 
on horseback. As his Reverence had just set out from 
this Pimeria, all went, and I with them to overtake his 
Reverence as far as Cucurpe, where he promised them 
that the necessary fathers, for whom they very anxious- 
ly prayed, should come to them. Up to the present 
they have not arrived, perhaps because there has not 
been in Mexico, as had been written me, means with 
which to equip them; but at present two pious persons 
offer to send from here the necessary equipment for 
two or three fathers. May our Lord bring them! 


CHAPTER X. THAT THIS SAME PIMA LANGUAGE 
WHICH WE SPEAK HERE IS CURRENT MORE THAN 
TWO HUNDRED LEAGUES FARTHER IN THE IN- 
TERIOR, EVEN AMONG THE NATIVES OF 
DIFFERENT NATIONS 


Another of the advantages and means which here 
facilitate the desired service of both Majesties, is the 
fact that this Pima language which we speak here ex- 
tends more than two hundred leagues into the interior, 
even among the other and distinct nations of the Coco- 
maricopas, Yumas, and Quiquimas, for in all places 
are found intermingled some natives who speak both 
languages, that of the nation where they are and our 





267 San Juan and Oposura are both on the upper waters of the Yaqui 
River, southeast of Arizpe. 
268 Father Picolo’s visit was in May, 1705. See ante, pages 135-137. 


270 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


Pima tongue, and therefore everywhere we have plenty 
of good interpreters, both men and women, for the re- 
duction and teaching of all, and to explain to them 
promptly the Christian doctrine and the mysteries of 
our holy Catholic faith. 


CHAPTER XI. THAT THESE NEW NATIONS HAVE 
NO PARTICULAR SECTS OR IDOLATRIES TO 
BE ERADICATED 


In all these new conquests and new people where we 
have travelled they have no particular idolatry or doc- 
trine which it will be especially difficult to eradicate, 
nor polygamy, nor bonzes as in Japan and in Great 
China, and although they greatly venerate the sun as a 
remarkable thing, with ease one preaches to them, and 
they comprehend the teaching that God Most High is 
the All-Powerful and He who created the sun, the 
moon, and the stars, and all men, and all the world, and 
all its creatures. | 


CHAPTER XIl. THAT THERE ARE MANY MISSIONS 
OR NEW PUEBLOS BEGUN, WITH GOOD BEGINNINGS 
IN THE TEACHING OF THE CHRISTIAN DOC- 
TRINE AND OF PRAYERS, AND IN THE BUILD- 
ING OF CHURCHES AND HOUSES, AND OF 
CROPS, AND OF CATTLE 


In these new conversions the natives have, even far 
in the interior, as in the case of Nuestra Señora de la 
Consepcion del Caborca, forty-six leagues to the west- 
ward, in San Ambrosio del Busanic, thirty-seven 
leagues to the northwest, and in San Francisco Xavier 
del Bac, sixty leagues to the north, pueblos or missions 
begun, with good beginnings of instruction in the 
Christian doctrine and in prayer.” In these places 


269 From this, as from other data, it is inferred that there was now no 
resident missionary at San Xavier. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 271 


there are temastianes, or teachers of the doctrine, and 
many infants and some adults have been baptized. 
They have their cabildos of justices, governors, cap- 
tains, alcaldes, fiscales, and their topiles, alguaciles, 
etc.”” They have good beginnings of houses for the 
comfortable living of the fathers whom they hope to 
receive, and of churches, fields of wheat, maize and 
beans, cattle, sheep and goats, horses and mules, droves 
of mares and horses, and beginnings of gardens, all of 
which the very domestic and loyal natives tend, as if 
the fathers whom they pray and beg for and hope and 
deserve to receive were already living there. 


CHAPTER XIII. THAT THIS MISSION OF NUESTRA 
SENORA DE LOS DOLORES IS ACTUALLY GIVING 
MORE THAN THREE THOUSAND PESOS IN CATTLE, 
PROVISIONS, VESTMENTS WITH WHICH TO SAY 
MASS, AND FURNISHINGS OF A HOUSE FOR THE 
FOUNDING OF THE NEW MISSION OF SANTA 
MARIA, AND WILL BE ABLE TO GIVE AS MUCH 
MORE, AND OTHERS MAY DO THE SAME, 
FOR OTHER FOUNDATIONS 


This first mission, or district, or pueblo of Nuestra 
Sefiora de los Dolores, is actually arranging for deliv- 
ering a decent equipment for founding the new mission 
of Santa Maria de Bagota,”” which is twenty-two 
leagues from here toward the north, that is, new vest- 
ments with which to say mass, three hundred head of 
cattle for their ranch, one hundred head of sheep and 
goats, a drove of mares, a drove of horses, a house in 
which to live, the beginnings of a church, with pro- 
visions and the necessary furnishings for a house, and 
the beginnings of sowing and crops of wheat, maize, 





270 An indication that the pueblo organization prescribed by law had spread 
well beyond the actually occupied frontier. 
271 Bugota. 


272 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


etc. Almost as much was given, to the value of three 
thousand pesos, from the stock of Nuestra Sefiora de los 
Dolores, a few years ago, for the founding and equip- 
ment of the mission of San Ygnacio; and other like aid 
this and other missions of these new conquests and new 
conversions will be able to give in time. 


CHAPTER XIV. THAT ALREADY DIFFERENT BENE- 
FACTORS, MISSIONARY FATHERS AND SECULARS, 
OFFER VARIOUS GIFTS OF CATTLE, PROVISIONS, 
CLOTHING, AND SOME SILVER, WHICH ALL 
AMOUNTS TO MORE THAN TWENTY THOU- 
SAND PESOS, FOR THE NEW MISSIONS 
WHICH MAY BE FOUNDED 


The promotion of these new conversions and the ser- 
vice of both Majesties which is hoped for in them is 
greatly facilitated by the fact that different benefactors, 
missionary fathers of the old missions of the Company 
of Jesus, as well as secular gentlemen, promise very 
good aid in the form of cattle, sheep and goats, horses, 
clothing, fabrics or garments, provisions, and some sil- 
ver, to aid the new missionary fathers who may come to 
these new conversions to found new missions, for their 
churches and houses, the value already amounting to 
more than twenty thousand pesos. One person alone 
offers five thousand in suitable goods, with some silver, 
for the founding and for the church, house, and forti- 
fication of the settlement or great mission of Santa Ana 
de Quibori, where Captain Coro lives; because it is 
notorious that those his natives will be able to continue 
to pursue the neighboring avowed enemies, the Ho- 
comes, Janos, and Apaches, for the very great and 
total relief, or remedy, of all this province of Sonora. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 273 


CHAPTER XV. THAT THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS SE- 
NOR BISHOP OF THIS PROVINCE OF THE KINGDOM 
OF NUEVA VISCAIA AND OF SONORA OFFERS TO 
SEEK AND OBTAIN ALMS FOR SOME LABOR- 
ERS IN THESE NEW MISSIONS 


Now, in addition, at the very same time that this 
brief report is asked of me and I am writing it, the 
Señor commissary curate and vicar of the Real de San 
Juan, Don Anttonio de Zalasar, writes me that his 11- 
lustriousness, the Most Pious Prince of the church, the 
Sefior Doctor Don Ygnacio Dias de la Barrera, most 
meritorious Bishop of the city of Durango and of all 
these provinces, has said to his Grace in the city of 
Guadiana, Durango,”” within the past few months, that 
he is possessed of a very Catholic and most zealous and 
holy determination to seek, although it may be by alms, 
the necessary aid and equipment for some missionary 
fathers to live in and administer these new conquests 
and conversions. These, then, are the opportune means 
which our Lord offers us to enable us to accomplish a 
great service for both Majesties and the eternal salva- 
tion of very many souls in all this most extensive North 
America. 


272 Pimeria Alta was under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Durango at 
the time. 


274 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


CHAPTER XVI. EPILOGUE, VERY SUITABLE, AND SO 
MUCH THE MORE SO BECAUSE UNLOOKED FOR, IN 
REGARD TO THE ABOVE MENTIONED MEANS, AS 
WELL AS IN REGARD TO THE SUBJECT MATTER 
OF ALL THIS REPORT OR RELATION, FOR 
WHICH PRAYS OUR NEW FATHER-GENERAL, 
MIGUEL ANGEL TAMBURINI?”*? IN THE NEW 
LETTER WHICH HAS JUST ARRIVED FROM 
ROME, AT THESE NEW CONVERSIONS 


More than three years ago, by order of our father 
general, Thirso Gonzales, God rest his soul, I sent to 
Rome a relation of the state of these new conversions, 
which was altogether very conformable to and uniform 
with a relation which Father Visitor Orasio Polise had 
also made, and which Father Rector Juan Maria de 
Salvatierra had seen, subscribed to, and approved. 
And now, in the most courteous, holy letter, which, 
having just written this present report, I have just re- 
ceived from our new father general, Miguel Angel 
Tamburini, his Reverence writes me, very much to 
our purpose, the following: 

LETTER OF OUR FATHER GENERAL MIGUEL ANGEL 
Tamburini. I received with special pleasure two letters from 
your Reverence, dated January 24 and June 30, 1704. With 
them comes what your Reverence calls a dedication for the 
treatise which is being perfected with the title of “Celestial 
Favors Experienced in the New Conquests and New Conver- 
sions of North America.” In the letters as well as in the draft 
of the dedication, which contains the notices of the new discov- 
eries and of their state, I find much wherein to praise the mer- 
cies of God in those nations which are being discovered and 
brought to his knowledge; and our Company owes special 
thanks to His Divine Majesty, because He uses her sons as an 
instrument so greatly to His glory. 





273 Father Michele Angelo Tamburini was general of the Society of Jesus 
from 1706 to 1730. See volume i, 92, footnote 75. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 275 


Very much do I rejoice at the aid which your Reverence has 
sent and is arranging to send every year to the Californias, and 
at the two churches which you have built and dedicated, and 
which have become among the best there are in the province; 
and that you are continuing your treatise on those missions with 
the title of Celestial Favors, of which you have sent us hither 
the first part. I am hoping for the other two which your Rev- 
erence promises, and that they all may be approved in Mexico, 
that they may be published. All the notices which your Rev- 
erence gives me fill me with joy, and with a desire to repay the 
anxieties and glorious travails of your Reverence and of your 
companions; but just as you have opposition there, we here re- 
gret that the war, lack of communication, and perils of the seas 
keep our missionaries detained. But we all hope, with great 
confidence in the loving providence of God, that, since in these 
very contrary times He has willed to discover those new nations 
and to show us so many souls who wander scattered outside of 
His fold, it is not that we may see them perish, but to give us 
means and forces to bring them from their forests and reduce 
them to pueblos and churches. “Therefore I pray His Divine 
Majesty to guard your Reverence many years, as I desire. 

Your Reverence’s servant in Christ, 

MIGUEL ANGEL TAMBURINI. 


mome, Dept: 5,1705. 

Omnia ad mayorem Dei Deipar[aleque Virginis 
Marie honorem et gloriam et animarum jentiumque 
salutem.”* 


274 “All things for the greater honor and glory of God and of the Virgin 
Mary, Mother of God, and for the salvation of souls and of the Gentiles.” 


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IPR 
A AE > } 
EN AOS A ES 

IU EA | 
ST A mi) ‘ 
AV Wis 

i dde | ' ] 


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Carta del padre Eusebio Francisco Kino, al padre visitador 

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Printed under a wrong title in Documentos para la Historia de Mex- 








282 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


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de la Compañia de Jesus. Con licencia en Mexico por Francisco 

Rodriguez Lupercio, 1681, 4° fínc. 28, 1 carte. 

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Jesus (Paris and Trévoux, 1705). 

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Illustrated with Maps and Sculptures (London, 1743), vol. i. 

Lowery, Woodbury and Philip Lee Phillips. A descriptive List 
of Maps of the Spanish Possessions within the present Limits of 
the United States, 1502-1820, by Woodbury Lowery, edited with 
notes by Philip Lee Phillips, F.R.G.S. Chief, Division of Maps 
and Charts (Washington, 1912). 

















two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 283 


LUMHOLTz, Cart. New Trails in Mexico: an account of one year’s 
Exploration in North-western Sonora, Mexico, and Southwestern 
Arizona, 1909-1910 (New York, 1912). 

This work, dealing with the author’s journeys over “old” trails on 
both sides of the international boundary, contains two excellent maps 
which have been of great service to the editor. 

MANJE, Juan M. Historia de la Pimeria Alta. 

In Documentos para la Historia de Mexico, sér. iv, tom. 1. The same 
as Manje's Luz de Tierra Incognita, Libro ii, Ms. 

Martini, Martinus. Novus Atlas Sinensis (Beyfugung vom Ca- 
tayo [by J. Golins] Historia von dem Tartarischen Krieg, etc. 
[with maps, colored], (Amsterdam, 1655). 

“Description Géographique de la Chine traduite d'un autheur Chinois 
par le pere Martini. 1663, fol.” 

Memorres de Trévoux (see Catrou). 

ORTEGA, JosÉ DE. Apostdlicos Afanes de la Compañía de Jesus 
escritos por un padre de la misma sagrada religion de su pro- 
vincia de Mexico (Barcelona, 1754). 

Historia del Nayarit, Sonora, Sinaloa, y ambas Californias. 
Que con el título de “Apostólicas Afanes de la compañia de Jesus, 
en la America Septentrional” se Publicó Anónima en Barcelona el 
año de 1754, siendo su autor el padre Jose Ortega. Edited by 
Manuel de Olaguibel (Mexico, 1887). 

PACHECO Y CÁRDENAS. Coleccion de Documentos Inéditos, relativos 
al descubrimineto, conquista, y organización de las antiguas pose- 
siones Españolas de América y Oceanía (Madrid, 1864-1884), 42 
vols. 

PEREZ DE Rias, ANDRES. Historia de los trivumphos de nuestra 
santa fee entre gentes las mas barbaras, y fieras del nueuo orbe; 
conseguidos por los soldados de la milicia de la Compañia de 
lesvs en las missiones de la prouincia de Nueua-España. Re- 
fierense assimismo las costvmbres, ritos, y supersticiones que vsauan 
estas gentes; sus puestos, y temples; las victorias que de algunas 
dellas alcancaron con las armas los catolicos españoles, quando les 
obligaron a tomarles: y las muertes de veinte religiosos de la 
Compañia, que en varios puestos, y a manos de varias naciones, 
dieron sus vidas por la predicacion del santo euangelio . . . 
Escrita por el padre Andres Perez de Ribas (Madrid, A. de 
Paredes, 1645). 

Cronica y Historia Religiosa de la Provincia de la Compañia 

de Jesus de Mexico en Nueva España . . . (Mexico, 1896), 

2 vols. 








284 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


PFEFFERKORN, IGNAZ. Beschreibung der Landschaft Sonora samt 
andern merkwurdigen Nachrichten von den innern Theilen Neu 
Spaniens und Reise aus Amerika bis in Deutschland nebst einer 
Landcharte von Sonora. Von Ignaz Pfefferkorn eilfjahrigen 
Missionar daselbst . . . Koln am Rhein, auf Kosten des 
Verfassers gedrukt in der Langenschen Buchhandlung, 1794-95. 
2 vols., fold map. 18”, 

PicoLo, FRANcisco Marta. Informe del Estado de la Nueva Chris- 
tiandad de California, que pidio por auto, la Real Audiencia de 
Guadalaxara, Obedeciendo a la Real Cedula de N. Rey y Señor, 
D. Phelipe V. Fecha en Madrid, 4 17. de Julio, de 1701. En Qve 
Ordena SV Magestad, Se le Informe individualmente, a cerca de 
la Nueva Christiandad, del Progresso, Augmento y Poblacion de 
aquel Nuevo Reyno. Dado, Y Respondido, a dicha Real Audiencia 
de Guadalaxara Por el P, Francisco Maria Picolo de la Compañia 
de Jesus, Vno de los primeros fundadores de dichas Missiones de 
California, en las quales ha vivido en compañia del Padre Rector 
Juan Maria de Salvatierra, estos cinco años que entraron en aquel- 
las tierras (Mexico, 1702). 

Memorial sobre el estado de las Missiones nuevamente es- 

tablecidas en la California por los Padres de la Compañia de 

Jesus, presentado a la Audiencia Real de Guadalaxara en el Reyno 

de Mexico, a 10 de Febrero del Año de 1702 por el Padre Fran- 

cisco Maria Picolo, de la Misma Compañia, y uno de los Pimeros 

Fundadores de dicha Mission. 


In Cartas Édificantes, vol. iii, 112-129. For other versions seo page 46, 
footnote 1. 


PLATZWEG, CARL. Lebensbilder deutcher Jesuiten in auswártingen 
Missionen (Paderborn, 1882). 

PRIESTLEY, HERBERT INGRAM. José de Galvez, Visitor-General of 
New Spain, 1765-1771. University of California Publications in 
History, vol. v (Berkeley, 1916). 

RECUEIL DE Vo1aces AU Norp, Contenant divers Mémoires tres 
utiles au Commerce et a la Navigation (Amsterdam, 1715-1727), 
8 vols. 

Report of the Boundary Commission upon the Survey and Re-mark- 
ing of the Boundary between the United States and Mexico West 
of the Rio Grande, 1891 to 1896. Parts 1 and 1 (Washington, 
1898). 

RicHMAN, Irvinc BERDINE. California under Spain and Mexico, 
1535-1847 (Boston and New York, 1911). 





two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 285 


Rupo ENSAYO, tentativa de una prebencional descripcion geographica 
de la provincia de Sonora, sus terminos y confines; 6 mejor, colec- 
cion de materiales para hacerla quien lo supiere mejor. Com- 
pilada asi de noticias adquiridas por el colector en sus viajes por 
casi toda ella, como subministradas por los padres missioneros y 
practicos de la tierra. Dirigida al remedio de ella, por un amigo 
del bien comun [1764] (San Augustin de la Florida, 1863). 
Anonymous. Edited by Buckingham Smith. 

Original in Archivo General y Público, Mexico, Historia, vol. 393. 
Not known to Buckingham Smith. 

RusseLL, FRANK. The Pima Indians. 

In United States Bureau of American Ethnology, Annual Report, 
1904-1905 (Washington, 1908). 

SALVATIERRA, JUAN María. Letter to the Duquesa de Sesar, Nov. 
26, 1697. 

In Documentos para la Historia de Mexico, sér. ii, tom. i, 107-109 

—— Letter to Juan de Ugarte, Nov. 27, 1697. 

In Documentos para la Historia de Mexico, ser. ii, tom. i, 109-154. 

—— Letter to Juan Cavallero y Osio, Nov. 27, 1697. 

In Documentos para la Historia de Mexico, ser. ii, tom. i, 154-157. 

—— Letter to the viceroy, Conde de Montezuma, Nov. 28, 1697. 

In Documentos par la Historia de Mexico, ser. ii, tom. i, 103-107. 

—— Letter to Francisco de Arteaga [May, 1702?]. 

In Documentos para la Historia de Mexico, sér. iv, pp. 105-156. 

SCHERER, P. HENRico. Geographia Hierarchica sive Status Eccles- 
iastici Romano-Catholici per Orbem Universum Distributi Suc- 
cincta Descriptio Historico-Geographica. Authore P. Henrico 
Scherer, Societatis Jesu. Sumptibus Joannis Caspari Bencard, 
Bibliopole Academie Dilingane. Monachii, Typis Marie Mag- 
dalenez Rauchin Vidue. Anno mpcciu, 4° pp. 8 n.n. 257, ind. di 
pp. II, n.n. antiporta (Munich, 1703). 

SOMMERVOGEL, C. Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jésus. Pre- 
miére partie: Bibliographie par . . . Augustin et Aloys de 
Backer. Seconde partie: Histoire par . . . Auguste Cara- 
yon. Nouv. éd. par. C. Sommervogel, pub. par la Province de 
Belgique . . . (Bruxelles, O. Schepens; Paris, A. Picard, 
1890-1909), 10 vols., fol. In double columns, numbered. 

Sonora, Materiales para la Historia. 

In Documentos para la Historia de Mexico, sér. iii, tom. iv; sér. iv, 
tom. i; also Ms. 

STOCKLEIN, JOSEPH. Der neue Welt-Bott mit allerhand Nach- 
richten ‘dern Missionariorum Soc. Jesu. [The full title page of 
Band I reads]: Allerhand so lehr als geistreiche Brief Schriften und 


286 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


Reis-Beschreibungen welche von denen Missionariis der Gesell- 
schafft Jesu aus Beyden Indien und andern úber Meer gelegenen 
Landern Seit An. 1642 bisz auf das 1726 in Europa angelangt 
seynd. jetzt zum Erstenmal theils aus Handschrifftlichen Urkun- 
den, theils aus denen Franzósischen Lettres Edifiantes verteutscht 
und zusammen getragen von Joseph Stócklein gedachter Societat 
Jesu Priester. Erster Band oder die 8 erste Theil: Cum Privilegio 
Caesareo und Superiorum Facultate ac Indice locupletissimo 
(Augsburg und Gratz). In Verlag Philips Martins und Joh. 
Weith seel. Erben Buchhandlern, 1726. 

THOELEN, HernricH, S.J. Menologium oder Lebensbilder aus der 
Geschichte der deutschen Ordensprovinz der Gesellschaft Jesu 
(Roermond, 1901). 

“THWAITES, REUBEN GOLD. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Doc- 
uments. ‘Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in 
New France, 1610-1791 (Cleveland, 1899-1901), 73 vols. 

Torres LANZAS, Pepro. Relacion Descriptiva de los Mapas, Planos, 
&, de Mexico y Floridas Existentes en el Archivo General de - 
Indias (Sevilla, 1900), 2 vols. 

Vaux, W. S. W., editor. World Encompassed by Sir Francis 
Drake, being his next Voyage to that to Nombre de Dios (Lon- 
don, 1854). 

VeLasco, José F. Noticias Estadisticas de Sonora (Mexico, 1850). 

VENEGAS, MiGUEL (Burriel). Noticia de la California, y de su 
conquista temporal, y espiritual, hasta el tiempo presente. Sacada 
de la Historia Manuscrita, formada in Mexico año de 1739, por el 
Padre Miguel Venegas, de la Compañia de Jesu; y de otras 
Noticias, y Relaciones antiguas, y modernas. Añadida de Algunos 
Mapas particulares, y uno general de la America Septentrional, 
Asia Oriental y Mar del Súr intermedio, formados sobre las 
Memorias mas recientes, y exactas, que se publican juntamente. 
Dedicada Al Rey Ntro. Señor por la Provincia de Nueva-Es- 
paña, de la Compañia de Jesus (Madrid, 1757), 3 vols. 

Natural and Civil History of California. English translation 
of the above (London, 1759), 2 vols. 

VENEGAS (MIGUEL) and Juan Antonio de Oviedo. El Apostol 
Mariano representado en la vida del V. P. Juan Maria de Sal- 
vatierra de la Compañia de Jesús, fervoroso Missionero en la 
provincia de Nueva España, y Conquistador apostolico de las Cal- 
ifornias (Mexico, 1754), 3 vols. 





MANUSCRIPTS 
Arranged chronologically 


BisHoP OF GUADALAJARA. Testimonio de Titulo de Cura y Vi- 
cario [in California]. Guadalajara, Nov. 15, 1681. Issued to 
Padres Eusebio Quino and Mathias Goñi. A.G.I. 67-4-2 in 
Sobre pertenencia, 88-92. 

Kino, Eusesio Francisco. Letter to the Bishop of Durango, 
Pueblo de Nio, March 25, 1682. A.G.I., 67-4-2. In Sobre 
pertenencia. 

BisHop or Duranco. Testimonio de título y Auto. Durango, 
May 24, 1682. To Kino, authorizing him to perform sacra- 
ments in Nueva Vizcaya and California. A.G.I. 67-4-2. In 
Sobre pertenencia, 105-108. 

BisHoP OF GUADALAJARA. Testimonio de Titulo de Cura y vica- 
rio [in California]. Guadalajara, Aug. 13, 1682. To Padre 
Antonio Suárez, Jesuit, who was “about to go to said Mission... 

- as superior of the said Padres Eusebio Francisco Quino and Ma- 
thias Goñi.” A.G.I. 67-4-2. In Sobre pertenencia, 92-100. 

Auto. Guadalajara, Nov. 26, 1682. Otrdering títulos de 

Cura y Vicario issued to Fathers Suárez, Quino and Goñi “que 

estan de proximo para embarcarse á dichas Islas Californias,” 

sent to Bachiller Don Fernando de Amesqueta, Cura Beneficiado 

y Vicario Juez eclesiástico of Compostela to be delivered to said 

padres. A.G.I. 67-4-2. In Sobre pertenencia, 100-102. 

Auto. Guadalajara, Dec. 5, 1682. Ordering Fathers Suárez, 

Quino and Goñi not to permit other priests in California without 

due licenses. A.G.I., 67-4-2. In Sobre pertenencia, 102-104. 

Auto. Guadalajara, Dec. 10, 1682. Ordering Kino not to 
use in California his license from the Bishop of Durango. A.G.I. 
67-4-2. In Sobre pertenencia, 108-110. 

Autos sobre los Parages que ha descubierto en las yslas Californias 
el Almirante Don Ysidro de Atondo. 1683-1685. In El Virrey 
de la Nueva España da cuenta. A.G.I., 1-1-2/31. 











288 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


Kino, Eusesio Francisco. Delineacion de la Nueva Provincia de 
S. Andres del Puerto de la Paz, y de las Islas circumvecinas de las 
Californias, 6 Carolinas, que al Excell™° Señor D. Thomas Antonio 
Lorenzo Manuel Manrique de la Zerda, Enriquez Afan de Ribera, 
Porto Carrero y Cardenas, Conde de Paredas, Marques de la La- 
guna Comendador de la Moraleja en la Orden y Cavalleria de Al- 
cantara del Consejo de su Magestad, Camara y Junta de Guerra de 
Indias su Virrey, Lugar Teniente, Governador, y Capitan General 
de la Nueba España y Presidente de la R* Audiencia y Chanzellaria 
della, Dedica y consagra la Mission de la Comp* de Jesu de dichas 
Californias ó Carolinas en 21 de Dic: dia del Glorioso Apostol de 
las Indias S. Thomas, de 1683 años. 

Description De La Fortificacion y R'! De S. Bruno De Cali- 

fornias. 1683 (?). 

and P. M. Goñi. Testimonio de la Poseción tomada. Puerto 

de Nuestra Señora de la Paz, April 5, 1683. By Eusebio Fran- 

cisco Quino and Pedro Mathias Goñi. Signed by these and wit- 
nessed by Francisco de Pereda y Arze, Matheo Andrés, Martin de 

Verastégui. A.G.I., 67-4-2. In Sobre pertenencia, 110-111. 

Carta, to the viceroy. San Bruno, Dec. 6, 1684. A.G.I., 

1-1-3/21. In El Virrey de la Nueva España da Cuenta, etc., 

21-22. 

Carta, to the viceroy, (San Bruno, Dec. 8 [?] 1684). A.G.I. 
1-1-2/31. In El Virrey de la Nueva España da cuenta, Pliegos 
11-12. 

PAREDES, VICEROY CONDE DE. El Virrey de la Nueva Espana da 
cuenta a Vuestra Magestad con testimonio de Autos y Mapas 
que remite, de los Parages que ha descubierto en las yslas Cali- 
fornias, el Almirante Don Ysidro de Atondo, y en los que se ha 
fortificado, y los Socorros y medios de Real Hacienda con que se 
le ha asistido para este efecto, y para la ultima entrada que esta 
para ejecutar en dichas Yslas (Mexico, March 26, 1685). A.G.I. 
1-1-2/31. Transcript in the Bancroft Library. 141 hand written 
pages. 

Contains: report of the viceroy to the king, March 26, 1685, and 
“Autos sobre los Parages que ha descubierto en las Yslas Californias el 
Almirante Don Ysidro de Atondo; y la ultima entrada que esta para 
ejecutar en ellas; y los Socorros que para ella se le han hecho de Real 
Hacienda, conforme Ordenes de su Magstad.” This consists of autos 


and correspondence concerning the occupation of California, 1683-1685. 
Including two hitherto unknown letters by Kino. 














two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 289 


Kino, EuseBio Francisco. Letter to the bishop of Guadalajara, 
Torin, May 30,.1685. A.G.I. 67-3-28. 

Included in No. 30. Transcript in Bancroft Library, 6 pages typed. 

PAREDES, VICEROY CONDE DE. Carta del Conde de Paredes a Su 
Magestad: El Virrey de la Nueva España da quenta a Vuestra 
Magestad de la Vltima entrada que hizo en las yslas Californias 
el Almirante don Ysidro de Atondo: y por lo que de ella resulto 
ha declarado se mantengan los dos Puertos descubiertos del -Rio 
Grande y Real de San Bruno con dos Religiosos misioneros y 
veinte soldados con el sueldo y vastimento nezesario para su sus- 
tento ynterin que con vista de los autos que remito manda Vuestra 
Magestad lo que fuere de su mayor agrado. Mexico, Sept. 3, 
1685. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 4 
typewritten pages. 

GoÑes (GoN1) Pero Marias. To the Archbishop of Guadalajara. 
Puerto de San Ygnacio, Sinaloa, Sept. 22, 1685. A.G.I. 67-3-28. 
Included in No. 30. ‘Transcript in Bancroft Library. 3 type- 
written pages. 

Kino, EuseBio Francisco. To the Bishop of Guadalajara. Cole- 
glo de Guadalaxara, Oct. 10, 1685. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Included 
in No. 30. ‘Transcript in Bancroft Library. 13 typewritten 
pages. 

To the Bishop of Guadalajara. Compostela, Nov. 5, 1685. 

A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 1 typewritten 

page. 

To the Bishop of Guadalajara. Matanchel, November 15, 

1685. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Included in No. 30. ‘Transcript in 

Bancroft Library. 6 typewritten pages. 

To the Bishop of Guadalajara. On board the 4/miranta, 
Dec. 2, 1685. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Included in No. 30. ‘Transcript 
in Bancroft Library. 1 type-written page. 

Reat CéDULA. Madrid, Dec. 22, 1685. Al Virrey de la Nueva 
España, en respuesta de su carta de 28 de Marzo de este año, sobre 
la sublevazion de los Yndios de la Nueva Vizcaya. Consultada. 
A.G.I. 67-3-28. In El Obispo de Guadalajara hace . . . in- 
forme. ‘Transcript in Bancroft Library. 7 pages typed. 


Orders that for the present California be not reoccupied on account 
of troubles in Nueva Vizcaya. 


Kino, Eusizio Francisco. To the Bishop of Guadalajara. Casa 
Profesa, Mexico, Feb. 15, 1686. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Included in 











290 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


No. 30. ‘Transcript in the Bancroft Library. 29 typewritten 
pages. 

ATONDO Y ANTILLON, YSIDRO, to the Arcbichos of Guadalajara, 
Mexico, Feb. 16, 1686. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Included in No. 30. 
Transcript in Bancroft Library. 2 pages. 

BisHoP OF GUADALAJARA. No. 30. El Obispo da quenta del es- 
tado en que esta la conquista y comvercion de las Yslas Californias 
despues de hauer buelto las Naos que fueron a hazerla, las quales 
tienen orden de no volver a continuarla, y pondera la lastima y 
quebranto que a ocasionado hauer quedado tanta multitud de Al- 
mas clamando por el Baptismo y añade en una posdata tenia no- 
ticia de Mexico de hauer determinado el Señor Virrey se buelua 
a la conquista y haga un Presidio. With related correspondence. 
Guadalajara. March 10, 1686. A.G.I. 67-3-28. ‘Transcript in 
Bancroft Library. 39 pages typed. 

REAL CÉDULA addressed to Audiencia de Guadalajara. Buen Re- 
tiro, May 14, 1686. Concerning encouragement of conversions. 
A.G.I. 67-1-36. Transcript in Bancroft Library, 3 pages typed. 

AUTO Y OBEDECEMTO. Guadalajara, Sept. 27, 1686. In response 
to cédula of May 14, 1686. A.G.I. 67-1-36. Transcript in Ban- 
croft Library. 1 page typed. 

AzcArasso, Fray JosePH, Provincial of the Province of Santiago 
de Jalisco, Respuesta to real cédula of May 14, 1686. Guadala- 
jara, Oct. 9, 1686. A.G.I. 67-1-36. Transcript in Bancroft Li- 
brary, 6 pages typed. 

Replies that the province lacks missionaries. Gives general view of 
Missions in Coahuila and Nayarit. 

Kino, Eusesio Francisco. “Misionero nombrado para la reduc- 
cion de gentiles, y conversion a nuestra Sancta fe de los Seris, 
Huaymas, y Pimas en la provinzia de Sonora, Reyno de la nueua 
Vizcaya.” Petition asking prohibition of taking Indians with seal 
to work in mines from his prospective missions. Guadalajara, 
Dec. 16, 1686. A.G.I. 67-1-36. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 
2 pages typed. 

AUDIENCIA DE GUADALAJARA. Auto, granting Kino's petition. 
Guadalajara, Dec. 16, 1686. A.G.I. 67-1-36. Transcript in 
Bancroft Library. 2 pages typed. 

Palma y Mesa, Lic. Don XPTOUAL DE. Respuesta fiscal, con- 
cerning Kino's petition. Guadalajara, Dec. 16, 1686. A.G.I. 
67-1-36. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 1 page typed. 


two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 291 


AUDIENCIA DE GUADALAJARA. Guadalajara, July 23, 1687. Da 
quenta de los dilixencias fechas en virtud de la Real Zedula de 
catorce de Maio de el afio proximo passado de ochenta y seis 
sobre el fomento de las misiones y combersiones nuebas de los 
indios; e Ynforma a pedimento de la sancta provincia de Xalisco 
del Seraphico Padre San Francisco sobre diferentes puntos. A.G.I. 
67-1-36. With testimonio de diligencias. ‘Transcript in Ban- 
croft Library. 23 pages typed. 

Viceroy JosEPH SARMIENTO. El Virey Don Joseph Sarmiento 
Da quenta de la entrada que ha hecho a las Islas Californias 
el Padre Juan Maria de Salbatierra de la Compañia de Jesus, 
los buenos efectos que van resultando y lo que propone sobre la 
continuacion de esta conquista y sera bien se lea esta carta, Mexico, 
May 5, 1698. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 
4 pages typed. 

EXPEDIENTE concerning Carrasco's expedition to the Gila River with 
Kino in 1698. May, 1698-Oct. 1699. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Tran- 
script in the Bancroft Library. 33 pages typed. 

XIRONZA PETRIZ DE CRUZATTE, DomIiNGO. Letter to the Viceroy, 
San Juan Baptista, Sonora, May 16, 1698. A.G.I. 67-3-28. In 
Expediente concerning Carrasco's Expedition. 

Instructions to Captain Diego Carrasco. San Juan Baptista, 
Sonora, Sept. 15, 1698. A.G.I. 67-3-28. In Expediente concern- 
ing Carrasco’s expedition. 

Kino, EuseBio Francisco. Relasion Diaria de la entrada al Nor- 
tueste que fue de Yda y Buelta mas de 300 leguas desde 21 de 
setiembre hasta 18 de otubre de 1698: Descubrimiento del de- 
semboque del rio grande hala Mar de la California y del Puerto 
de Sa. Clara. Reduction de mas de 4000 almas de la Costa 
Bautismos de mas de 400 Parbulos, 1698. Con Ensefianzas y 
Experienzias [Annotation]: “Esta relacion es del Pe. Franco. 
Eusebio Kino de que doy fee. Gaspar Stiger. Av. de estas mis- 
siones.” A.G.M. Historia, vol. 393. ‘Transcript from original 
in Bolton Collection. 38 pages typed. 

CARRASCO, CAPTAIN Disco. Diario fecho por el Capitan Diego 
Carrazco Theniente de Alcalde Mayor y Capitan a Guerra de 
todos los Pueblos y Rancherias de la Nacion Pima y sus distritos 
y Jurisdicion por Su Magestad que en virtud de orden que va 
yncerta del General Don Domingo Gironza Petriz de Cruzat, 





292 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 


Alcalde mayor desta prouincia y Gouernacion de las armas de ella 
por su Magestad, me pusse a hazer desde el dia veinte y dos de 
septiembre hasta el dia diez y ocho de octubre de el afio de mill 
seiscientos y noventa y ocho para el descubrimiento del desemboque 
del Rio grande a la Mar de la California y puerto de Santa Clara 
con todo lo acaecido en dicho viaje que su thenor es como se sigue. 

Sept. 22-Oct. 18, 1698. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Ban- 

croft Library, 19 pages typed. In Expediente concerning Car- 

rasco's expedition. 

Carta del señor Theniente de la Pimeria Diego Carrasco al 
Señor General Don Domingo Gironza Petriz de Cruzat de la 
entrada al Norueste mill seiscientos y Noventa ocho. Dolores, 
Oct. 18, 1698. A.G.I. 67-3-28. In Expediente concerning Car- 
rasco s expedition. 

XIRONZA PETRIZ DE CRUZATTE, Dominco. Letter to Viceroy. 
Reporting Carrasco’s expedition. San Juan Baptista, Sonora, 
March 8, 1699. A.G.I. 67-3-28. In Expediente concerning Car- 
rasco's expedition. 

‘TESTIMONIO de los Autos hechos sobre el descubrimiento, conquista 
y reduccion de las Californias en que esta entendiendo el Padre 
Juan Maria de Salvatierra a costa de la limosna de los fieles. 
Mexico, May 29, 1699. A.G.I. 67-3-28. 18 pages typed. 

Contains letters of Palacios, decrees regarding funds, letters of Sal- 
vatierra, Ugarte, etc. 


Viceroy JOSEPH SARMIENTO. El Virrey Don Joseph Sarmiento. 
Remite el testimonio adjunto de los felizes progresos que van re- 
sultando, y que ha conseguido con sus asistenzias en las Yslas de 
Californias el Padre Juan Maria de Salbatierra de la compañia de 
Jesus y lo que por su parte le ha favorecido para esta conquista. 
Mexico, May 29, 1699, with action of Council. A.G.I. 67-3-28. 
Transcript in Bancroft Library. In all 20 pages typed. 

SoLís MIRANDA, Martin DE. Opinion relative to viceroy’s letter of 
May 5, 1698 regarding California missions. Madrid, June 14, 
1699. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 8 
pages typed. 

Tobar, Lic. Don BALTHAZAR DE. Respuesta fiscal, concerning Car- 
rasco's expedition. Mexico, Oct. 16, 1699. A.G.I. 67-3-28. In 
Expediente concerning Carrasco’s expedition. 

Viceroy JOSEPH SARMIENTO. No. 1. El Virrey de la Nueva Es- 
paña pone en la Real noticia de Vuestra Magestad haverse con- 





two] EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 293 


tinuado subcesibos los favorables avisos de los progresos y buenos 
efectos de la reduzion de gentiles en las Yslas Californias en el ser- 
vicio de Dios y Agrado de Vuestra Magestad y que sera propio de 
su Real piedad, se asista a los religiosos con alguna ayuda de costa 
de Real Hazienda en la forma que propone. Mexico, Oct. 20, 
1699. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 4 
pages typed. 

ROLANDEGUI, BERNARDO. Memorial to the King concerning Cali- 
fornia. No date. Considered in Council May 29, 1701. Acor- 
dado, July 4, 1701. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft 
Library, 4 pages typed. 

COUNCIL OF THE INDIES. Acuerdo de Consulta. Concerning Cali- 
fornia Pious Fund. Madrid, July 4, 1701. A.G.I. 67-3-28. 
Transcript in Bancroft Library. 3 pages typed. 

CONSEJO DE YNDIAS a 9 de Jullio de 1701. Representa a V. Med. 
lo que ha pasado en la conquista, poblazion y reduzion de las Cali- 
fornias desde su principio: providenzias que combendra se den para 
acalorar a los Religosos de la Compafiia que se han encargado de 
esta empresa y la tienen muy adelantada. Madrid, July 9, 1701. 
A.G. de I. 67-1-37. ‘Transcript in Bancroft Library, 11 pages 
typed. 

BisHOP-ELECT OF MicHoacAn. El Obispo Electo de Valladolid 
de Michoacan informa a Vuestra Magestad, los incombenientes 
que tendra que la Relegion de la Compania de Jesus deje las 
Misiones que administran en el Obispado de la Nueva Viscapa, y 
suplica se lea todo. Valladolid de Michaocan, July 17, 1701. 
A.G.I. 67-3-28. In El Obispo de Guadalajara hace informe. 
Transcript in Bancroft Library. 6 pages typed. 

REAL CéDULA. Madrid, July 17, 1701. To Bishop of Guadala- 
jara, granting 6,000 pesos a year to the California Missions. 
A.G.I. 67-3-28. ‘Transcript in Bancroft Library. 3 pages typed. 

RiEZA, Francisco DOMINGUEZ, Mayor of the Audiencia Real of 
Nueva Galicia. Certificate asking for report on California. 
Guadalajara, Dec. 2, 1701. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Ban- 
croft Library, 3 pages typed. 

ROLÁNDEGUI, BERNARDO. Memorial to the King concerning Cali- 
fornia, in 5 points. After July 17, 17/01. Answered 6 Dec., 1701. 
A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 3 pages typed. 

Kino, EuseBio Francisco. Paso por Tierra a la California y sus 
confinantes nuevas Naciones, y Misiones Nuevas de la Compañia 


294 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [Vol. 





de J.H.S. en la America Septéntrional Descubierto, andado, y 
demarcado por el Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino Jesuita, desde el 
año 1698, hasta el de 1701. Año de 1701. 

Ms. map in the Archivo General de Indias, 67-3-29 (Torres-Lanzas, no. 
95). Clearly a draft of a much later date. Reproduced here volume 1, 
page 331. Sommervogel (Bibliothéque, vol. iv, 1044-1045) lists a copy of 
Kino's original map in the École de Ste. Geneviéve, Paris. 

EXPEDIENTE concerning the Pious Fund of California, 1701-1704. 
A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in the Bancroft Library. 212 pages 
typed. 

PicoLo, Francisco Maria. Informe de Francisco Maria Picolo a 
S.M. Guadalajara, Feb. 10, 1702. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Tran- 
script in Bancroft Library. 20 pages typed. | 

Espinosa, Doctor JosEPH ANTONIO DE. El fiscal Doctor Espinoa 
a S.M. Acompaña copia de un informe: El Fiscal Doctor Es- 
pinosa representa a Vuestra Magestad el estado de las Misiones 
nuebamente introducidas en la California por los Jesuitas, y lo 
determinado en cumplimiento de la Real cédula de Vuestra Mage- 
stad de diez y siete de Julio del afio passado, que pide se lea a la 
letra. Mexico, May 16, 1702. A.G.I. 67-3-28. ‘Transcript in 
Bancroft Library. 9 pages typed. 

COUNCIL OF THE INpIES. Acuerdo, Madrid, June 2, 1703. Re- 
plying to the four points of one of the memorials of Father Ro- 
landegui. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in the Bancroft Library. 
4 pages typed. 

Espinosa, Dr. JoSEPH ANTONIO DE. Dictamen fiscal. Mexico, 
Apr. 18, 1704. Concerning fulfillment of the cédula of 28 Sept. 
1703, regarding California missions. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Tran- 
script in the Bancroft Library. 4 pages typed. “Transmitted 
Oct. 9, 1704. . 

Viceroy OF Mexico, DUQUE DE ALBURQUERQUE. No. 46. Carta 
del Duque de Alburquerque 4 Su Magestad. El Virrey de Nueva 
España da quenta a Vuestra Magestad de quedar esperando al 
Padre Juan Maria de Salvatierra misionero de las Californias 
para conferencias con el sobre la practica de los puntos que yncluye 
la orden de Vuestra Magestad de 28 de septiembre de 1703 sobre 
su conquista y reduccion y demas que se expresa en ella de cuya 
resulto ofrece dar quenta en primera ocasion Y remite testimonio 
de todo lo actuado en esta materia. Mexico, Sept. 24, 1704. 
A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library. 5 pages typed. 

CAVALLERO Y Ozfo, Juan. Don Juan Cavallero y Ozio Avisa el 


two | EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO, S.J. 295 


recivo de Vna cedula de 28 de Settiembre de 1703 en que se le 
manifiesta la gratitud de Su Magestad por haver dotado 20,000 
pesos, etc. Querétaro, Oct. 8, 1704. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Tran- 
script in Bancroft Library. 2 pages typed. 

Espinosa, Dr. JosepPH ANTONIO DE. El fiscal Don Joseph An- 
tonio de Espinosa acompaña copia de la respuesta fiscal que dio 
en razon de lo ejecutado en virtud de zedula de 28 de Septiembre 
de 1703 sobre que pidiese cumplimiento de las providencias de las 
Misiones de las Californias de qual combendra se lea a la letra 
para su comprehencion. With dictamen of April 18, 1704. Mex- 
ico, Oct. 9, 1704. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Li- 
brary. 7 pages typed. 

Viceroy or Mexico, DUQUE DE ALBURQUERQUE. Carta del 
Duque de Alburquerque a S.M. El Virrey de Nueva España da 
quenta a V.M. con testimonio de lo resuelto en Junta general en 
orden a no inovar en las dependencias de Californias hasta que 
V.M. en vista de los autos que remite con carta de 23 de Marzo 
determine lo que fuere servido. With Dictamen fiscal, Apr. 16, 
1708. Mexico, Oct. 7, 1706. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in 
Bancroft Library. 5 pages typed. 

VELARDE, Luis. Descripción de la Pimeria. Contained in the 
item next below, of which it constitutes chapter 9. 

MANGE, Juan MATHEO. Lybro Segvndo Luz de Tierra Yncognita 
en la America Septentriorial de todos los Viajes de tierras Rios y 
Naciones que Descubrieron Varios Padres de la Compa. de Jesus 
con el Capn. Juan Matheo Mange Autor de la Presente obra; y 
Anuales Muertes Rovos, e Yncendios q los Yndios enemigos 
executaron en la Prova. de Sonora, Castigos q se les hizo en los 7 
primeros años q Govno. el Genl. D Domingo Jironza la Compa. 
Volante q doto su Magd. pa. su defensa desde fines del Año de 
1693 hasta el de 1721. Original in Archivo General, Mexico. 
Historia, vol. 392. Covers 1694-1721. Transcript in Bolton Col- 
lection, 175 pages typed. 


My references to this work are to the Ms. copy in the Bolton Collection, 


SOBRE PERTENENCIA del Govierno Espiritual de Californias. Vino 
con carta del Cavildo Eclesiástico de Guadalaxara de 18 de marzo 
de 1724. Covers 1634-1724. A.G.I. 67-4-2. 

Transcript in the Bancroft Library. 112 pages typed. 
Contains transcripts of documents to show that California was within 
the diocese of Guadalajara. Begins with “Titulo al Padre Diego de 


296 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


Nava Clérigo, de Cura de los descubrimientos de las islas Marias y 
Californias, y de Vicario Juez Eclesiástico.” Controversy between bishops 
of Guadalajara and Durango over this matter, 1681; incidentally, docu- 
ments concerning the Pifiadero, Atondo, and other expeditions to Cali- 
fornia; Commission to Kino and his companions as Cura and juez-—vi- 
cario of California. 

BisHoP OF GUADALAJARA. El Obispo de Guadalajara hace a Vues- 
tra Magestad el informe que por Vna Real Cédula se le manda 
sobre la pertenencia del govierno espiritual de las Islas Californias. 
Guadalaxara, June 1, 1727. With docs. covering the period 1685- 
1727. A.G.I. 67-3-28. Transcript in Bancroft Library, 16 pages 
typed. 

FIGUEROA, FRANCISCO, compiler. Memorias para la Historia de 
Nueva España (compiled in Mexico, 1792), 32 vols. 

A nearly complete copy is in the Bancroft Library. 


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INDEX 


ABAJO, MIGUEL DE: letter to Kino on 
Coro’s loyalty, II, 125 

Abechuco: see Ruiz de Abechuco 

Acapulco, port of: I, 36, 216, 218, 221 

Actum Chico: see San Serafin 

Actum Grande: see San Rafael 

Adair Bay [Puerto de Santa Clara]: 
see Santa Clara 

Afán de Rivera, Fray Payo Enrí- 
quez: viceroy-archbishop, I, 221 

Agreda, Maria de Jesus de: legend 
in Pimeria Alta, I, 198 

Agriculture: at missions, I, 132, 133, 
138, 139, 170, 175, 188, 189, 205, 
206, 255, 310, II, 141. See under 
the name of each mission; also 
Aqueduct, Farming, Irrigation, 
Products, Ranches, Stockraising, 
Supplies, Trade 

Agua Escondido [Tinajas Altas], 
tank of: I, 253, footnote; Kino at, 
I, 311, 320, 338, 345; opened by 
Kino, I, 320 

Aguaje de la Luna: Kino at, I, 254, 
311, 320, 338, 345; identified, I, 
320 

Aguilar, Father Joseph de, S.J: with 
Kino, I, 110-111, II, 239 

Ala: Kino at, I, 29 

Alamos, Los: discovery of mines at, 
II, 237 

Alarcón, Francisco de: explores Gulf 
of California, I, 218, II, 235 

Alburquerque, Duke of: see Fernán- 
dez de la Cueva 

Alchedomas (Indian tribe): I, 195, 
252 

Alegre, Francisco Xavier: reference 
to Kino’s writings, I, 66 


Almazán, Pedro García de: I, 134, 
182; letter on Father Saeta, I, 154 

Almeida, Manuel de: letter of, II, 82 

Almonazir, Diego de, S.J: provincial 
in New Spain, I, 89, 123, 158; 
commends missionary work, I, 151; 
sends missionaries to Pimeria Alta, 
I, 132 

Alms: furnished new missions, I, 
133, 134, 136, 137, 362. See Sup- 
plies, Pious Fund 

Altar River: I, 21 

Amarillo, Rio: see Rio Amarillo 

Anchú: rancheria in California, see 
Hancha 

Andrés, Captain: with Kino in Cali- 
fornia, I, 45 

Angel, Father Daniel, S.J: mission- 
ary at Matape, II, 145 

Angelis, Father Theophilus de, S.J: 
missionary, I, 31 

Anian, Strait of: I, 36, 213, 229, II, 
259; Kino rejects belief in, I, 360 

Antillón: see Atondo y Antillón 

Anza, Juan Bautista: 1, 128 

Anzieta, Father Juan Bautista de, 
S.J: visitor of Sinaloa and Sonora 
missions, 1, 222 

Apache (Indian tribe): mentioned, I, 
25, 27, 28, 106, 142, 162, 166, 175- 
184, 189, 198, 206, 207, 210, 233, 237, 
267-270, 11, 26, 28, 29, 31, 103, 105, 
111, 216, 255; defeated by Pimas, 
I, 179 et seg.; attack Cocóspera, I, 
175; won by Kino, I, 202; attack 
Cucurpe, I, 267; Santiago fortified 
against, I, 274; depredations in 
Sonora, II, 25 ef seg.; haunts of, in 
Chiricahua Mts., I, 145. See: Ca- 


300 


potcari, Frontier Defence, Indian 
Depredations, Janos, Jocomes, 
Leén, Mora, Pimas, Sumas 

Aqueduct: prehistoric at 
Grande, I, 172 

Arias, Father Antonio, S.J: mission- 
ary at Tubutama, I, 116, 118; mis- 
sionary in the Marianas Islands, 
II, 141; in Nayarit, II, 141, foot- 
note 

Arivechi [Aribachi] on Rio Sahua- 
ripa: Father Kapus in charge of, 
II, 108 

Arizpe, mission on the Sonora River: 
I, 51, 125, 231, 264, II, 29 

Arnoldi Tiamengo, Arnoldi 
world map by, II, 215 

Arras: see Arias 

Arrevillaga, Father Alonso, S.J: pro- 
vincial in New Spain, I, 92 

Arteaga, Francisco, S.J: provincial 
in New Spain, I, 85, 227; sends 
four missionaries to Pimeria, I, 
303; letters by, I, 356, II, 26, 70; 
on separation of Pimeria from rec- 
torate of San Francisco Xavier de 
Sonora, II, 26, 39, et seq. 

Ashes: distributed, I, 340, II, 166 

Atondo y Antillén, Isidro de: expe- 
dition to California, I, 37-49, 88- 
89, 214 ef seg., 221, II, 236, 259; 
pearl hunting, I, 47; ordered to 
maintain California, I, 48 

Audiencia of Guadalajara: I, 50, 85, 
86, 107, II, 39, 44, 46. See Guada- 
lajara, Palma 

Aygentler, Father Adam, S.J: teach- 
er of Kino, I, 29; map by, I, 330, 
354 

Azcárasso, Father Joseph de (Fran- 
ciscan): report on frontier mis- 
sions, I, 107 

Azul, Rio: see Rio Azul 


Casa 


de! 


BABASAQUI (ranchería and visita): I, 
258 
Bac: see San Xavier del Bac 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 


Bacadeguych: Father Picolo at, in 
1706, II, 163 

Bacanuche, Real de: I, 51, 114, 154; 
plundered by Apaches, I, 269; 
Granillo de Salazar, lieutenant of, 
in 1703, II, 28, 29; Kino at, in 
1706, II, 198 

Bacapa: see San Luis Bertrando del 
Bacapa 

Backer, Augustin de: reference to 
Kino’s writings, I, 69 

Bacoachi: Kino at, 1706, II, 198 

Bacoancos: see San Luis Bacoancos 

Baes, Andrés, S.J: missionary in Cal- 
ifornia, I, 220, II, 236 

Bagiopas, Indian tribe: I, 88, 249, 
252 

Baicatcan: 
Baicatcan 

Baipia [Bacpia, Arivaipia]: see San 
Edouardo de Baipia 

Bajon, El (“The Bassoon”): Indian 
Chief, I, 165 

Bamotze (Cosari) Indian village: 
see Nuestra Senora de los Dolores 

Bancroft, H. H: conjectures regard- 
ing Kino’s writings, I, 69-70 

Baptism: of infants, I, 112, 119, 126, 
131, 164, 171, 184, 188, 205-209, 
233, 235, 242, 244, 247, 255, 257, 
275, 277, 282, 286, 290, 308, 311, 
319, 336, II, 49, 54, 161, 166, 201, 
203, 206 et seq., 213; of the sick, 
I, 166, 195, 206, 214, 233, 236, 242, 
245, 252, 254, 275, 277, 282, 311, 
321, 338, 346, 371, Il, 161, 166; 
solemnization of, I, 219, 239, 242, 
258, 274, II, 116, 160, 162, 165, 172; 
baptisms refused, I, 195, 341, 3493 
of adults only after instruction, I, 
89, 121, 169, 308, 349, II, 49, 50, 
140, 176, 210, 239; of enemy pris- 
oners, II, 255; of adults condemned 
to death, I, 149; of chief Coro, I, 
233; of the governor of Humucan, 
II, 175; of Pima chief, II, 246; of 
chief Humaric and sons, I, 169; 


see San Salvador del 


two | 


number performed by Father Kino, 
I, 89, II, 252; error concerning 
this point, ibid. 

Barrera, Ignacio Diaz de la (Bishop 
of Durango): offers to assist mis- 
sions, II, 273 

Barrillas, Gaspar, S.J: comes to Pi- 
meria Alta, I, 160; at Caborca, I, 
164, 174, 277, 303, II, 251 

Barrios, Antonio de: soldier, 11, 111 

Bartíromo, Melchor, S.J: missionary 
at Cucurpe): asks aid against the 
Seris, I, 211; aids California mis- 
sions, II, 99, 153; with Picolo and 
Kino at Dolores in 1705, II, 137; 
letters to Kino, I, 267, II, 152, 181, 
186, 214, 215; mentioned, l, 297 

Basaldua, Juan Manuel, S.J: mis- 
sionary at Loreto, California, 1704, 
II, 109 

Basilio, Father, S.J: missionary at 
Umata, II, 141 

Basoitutgan: see San Joseph de Ba- 
soitutgan 

Bastilla, Pedro de la, royal fiscal: I, 
106 

Batki [Batqui]: see N. S. de la 
Merced del Batki 

Batuco, Sonora: Picolo at, in 1706, 
II, 156 

Bavispe: see San Miguel de Bavispe 

Bayerca, Fernando, S.J: missionary, I, 
143; letter to Kino, II, 115 

Bazeraca: see Santa Maria de Bazer- 
aca 

Becerra [Bezerra], Captain Antonio: 
succeeds Fernandez de la Fuente 
as captain at Janos, II, 70; letter, 
II, 83; friendly to Pimas, II, 102 

Becerra, Diego: exploration, I, 217 

Belasco: see Velasco 

Belmar, Fray Francisco Ruiz de: 
missionary with Kino, I, 109, II, 
149 

Benavides, Antonio de, S.J: mission- 
ary, I, 160 

Beristáin y Souza, J. M. de: conjec- 


INDEX 


301 


tures regarding Kino’s history, I, 68 

Bernal, Captain Cristóbal Martín: 
accompanies Kino in 1697, 1, 168 
et seq.; diary, I, 168, et seq.; ex- 
pedition against Indians, 1699, I, 
206; letter, I, 210 

Bernal de Piñadero, Bernardo: ex- 
pedition to California, I, 220, II, 
236. See Piñadero 

Biaontón: see Biaundó 

Biaundó: see Francisco Xavier de 
Biaundó 

Blue shells: see Shells 

Bocanegra, Capt. Antonio de Estra- 
da: see Estrada Bocanegra 

Bogota [Bugota]: see Santa Maria 
de Bugota 

Bohorqués [Bohorgués], Nicolás de: 
soldier with Kino and Salvatierra, 
I, 273 

Bonifas, Luis de, S.J: provincial of 
New Spain, I, 219, 222 

Bopota: Soba rancheria, I, 136 

Borango, Carolus, S.J: I, 31 

Borboña: see Nueva Borboña (Gran 
Teguayo) 

Borgia, Franciscus, S.J: accompanies 
Kino, I, 31 

Bosna, El (Pima village): I, 143 

Boubens, Gerhard, S.J: vice-provin- 
cial in the Marianas Islands, II, 
141 

Bravo, Brother Jaime, S.J: mission- 
ary in California, II, 154 

Buenavista, Marqués de: viceroy of 
New Spain, I, 323 

Bugota [Bogota]: see Santa Maria 
de Bugota 

Burgos, Juan Muñoz de (rector in 
Sonora): with Kino in 1687, I, 
110; visitor of Pimeria in 1693, I, 
123, 125; rector at Mátape, I, 182; 
letters to Kino, I, 150 et seg. 

Buquivaba (Indian village) : see San- 
ta María Magdalena 

Busanic, mission of: see San Ambro- 
sio del Busanic 


302 MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA [ Vol. 





Buildings, at missions in Pimeria 
Alta: at Caborca, I, 126, 132, 375, 
II, 168, 175, 202; at Dolores, I, 
115, 125; at Remedios, I, 243, 258, 
II, 27, 34, 73, 80; at Busanic and 
Tucababia, I, 373, II, 168, 182; at 
Pitquin, II, 168, 202; at Ootcam, 
I, 337, II, 208; at Guebavi, I, 303, 
307; at San Ignacio, II, 210; at 
San Lazaro, II, 172, 182; at San 
Luis Bacoancos, II, 182; at Sondita, 
I, 288, II, 204, 309; at Tubutama, 
II, 136, 168, 175, 201; at San Val- 
entin, II, 182; at Bac, I, 234-239, 
373; at Quiburi, I, 164-165, II, 
182; at Saric, I, 373, II, 168, 182; 
at Santa Maria de Bugota, II, 172, 
182; at Adid [Ati], Il, 136; at 
Cocóspera, I, 232, 368, 378, II, 27, 
34, 73, 80, 86. See Ranches, Labor 


CABORCA, mission of: see N. S. de la 
Concepción del Caborca 

Caborica, mission of: see San Ygna- 
cio de Caborica 

Cabrillo, Juan Rodríguez: see Rodrí- 
guez Cabrillo, Juan 

Cadena, Diego (Augustinian friar): 
II, 109 

California: expeditions to, summar- 
ized, I, 35-37, 217-222, II, 232-236; 
proved to be a peninsula by Ulloa, 
I, 36; Indians abused, I, 37; Pearl 
fisheries, I, 36; Drake’s views on 
denounced, I, 329, II, 212; Atondo 
and Kino in, I, 35-49, 88, 213-215, 
II, 236-238; conquest suspended, I, 
89, 105; Kino’s influence on Sal- 
vatierra, I, 97, 117-121, II, 240; 
dependence on mainland for sup- 
port, I, 45, 58, 106, 120, 194, 250, 
261, 297, 306, 356, 367, II, 66, 148; 
Kino’s early expeditions to Gulf, 
I, 123-126; Saeta’s interest in, I, 
136-137; Salvatierra and Picolo en- 
ter, I, 215-217, II, 46-51, 241; Ki- 


no’s expedition of 1698 to Gulf 
coast, I, 184-192; plans to explore 
Gulf to higher latitude, I, 190-191; 
Sonóita founded as base for ex- 
plorations, I, 193; conditions in 
1699, I, 222-224; cattle sent from 
mainland, I, 262-264; Picolo’s re- 
port on, 1702, II, 46-67; condition 
in 1702 described, II, 51-54; con- 
tributors to Pious Fund, II, 53-54; 
Ugarte in, II, 54; climate and pro- 
ducts, II, 55-62; needs of, stated 
by Picolo, II, 62-67; cédulas in 
favor of, 1701-1703, I, 227-228, II, 
38-45, 98-99; Kino’s early ideas 
concerning California geography, 
I, 54-55, 229-230, 330, 365-369; in- 
fluence of the blue shells, I, 55, 
195-196, 230-238; his efforts to dis- 
cover a land route to California, 
I, 54-56, 88, 208-209, 230-238, 242- 
261, 265-304, 305-349, II, 92, 
242-245; interest of Kapus and 
Gonzalez in land route, I, 241; 
Salvatierra’s interest in Kino’s ex- 
plorations, I, 260; Salvatierra’s ex- 
ploration with Kino, I, 265-304; 
Manje’s views on peninsularity, I, 
363-365; Kino’s arguments in fa- 
vour of peninsularity, I, 351-354; 
treatise concerning, I, 91-92; argu- 
ments in favor of advancing mis- 
sions to the Colorado River, I, 357- 
367, II, 99-101, 260-269; need of 
a port of call, I, 213, II, 260-267; 
map of California by Kino, II, 70; 
Kino’s journeys to the Gulf coast, 
1704, II, 92-96; Salvatierra leaves, 
II, 106-108, 118-119; returns, II, 
146-149; again leaves, II, 152-153; 
Escalante becomes captain, II, 108- 
109; news from, II, 153-155; Ki- 
no's discovery of Island of Santa 
Inez, 1706, II, 159-162; interest in 
a route to California via Santa 
Inez, II, 163-164, 176-177, 187-192; 


two | 


INDEX 


393 





Kino’s last expedition to Santa 
Clara Mt., II, 197-220; Oyuela’s 
views on the land passage, II, 211- 
213, 229-230. See Alarcón, Anchú, 
Andrés, Anian, Anza, Atondo, Bar- 
tíromo, Basaldua, Becerra, Piña- 
dero, Biaundó, Bravo, Cabrillo, 
California Alta, Cañas, Carboneli, 
Carmelites, Casanate, Cavallero y 
Ocío, Cavendish, Cédulas, Cermeño, 
Chinese, Chuyenquí, Communica- 
tion, Conchó, Contreras, Copart, 
Cortés, Cuibucó, Cutganes, Dávalos, 
Díaz, Drake, Duitró, English, Enu- 
lailó, Escalante, Expenditures, Ex- 
plorations, Fernández de la Cruz, 
Franciscans, Garcés,  Giganta, 
Goñi, Guaycuros, Guzmán, Han- 
cha, Herrera, Itamarra, Iturbe, Jet- 
tí, Jiménez, Kino, Labor, Laimón, 
La Paz, Licú, Ligguí, Ligiggi, Lon- 
dó, Lorenzo, Loppú, Loreto Con- 
chó, Luzenilla, Marrds, Minutila, 
Monquí, Monterey, Negroes, Niun- 
quí, N. S. de los Dolores (Yodi- 
viggé) N. S. de los Dolores de Lo- 
reto, Nunpoló, Nuntis, Obbé, One- 
maitó, Ontta, Ortega, Pardo, La 
Paz, Pearl fishing, Philippines, 
Pichilingues, Picolo, Picolopri, Pi- 
ñadero, Pious Fund, Piracy, Pre- 
sentación, Products, Quiquima, Red 
Sea, Rodriguez, Romero, Salines, 
Salsipuedes, Salvatierra, San A gus- 
tin, San Bruno, San Dionisio, San 
Francisco Xavier Biaundó, San 
Francisco Xavier de Viggé, San Isi- 
dro, San Lucas, San Vizente, San- 
tisima Trinidad, Santo Tomás, 
Sarmiento, Shells, Sierpe, Tamon- 
quí, Teupnon, Tripué, Tuesddú, 
Ugarte, Ulloa, Undúa, Unubbi, Ve- 
negas, Vidal, Viggé, Vizcaino, Voni, 
Yenoyumí, Yodivineggé, 
Zuniga 

California Alta: term used by Kino, 


Yumas, 


I, 312, 339, 357, 360, 370, 377, Il, 
168, 169, 258; extends east of Col- 
orado River, I, 339; latitude of, I, 
357 

California, Santisima Trinidad de: 
province of, I, 40 

Calvanese, Carolus, S.J: companion 
of Kino, I, 31 

Camacho: see Vega Camacho 

Camino del Diablo: trail from Sonó- 
ita to Gila, I, 22, 55 

Campaigns: see Apaches, Frontier 
Defence, Janos, Jocomes, Pimas, 
Seris 

Campos, Agustin, S.J: missionary at 
San Ignacio, I, 86, 131, 143, 145, 
162, 239, 258, II, 27,. 136, 208; 
present at Kino’s death, I, 64; on 
expedition with Kino in 1693, I, 
124; administers Dolores in Kino’s 
absence, I, 161; overtakes Kino at 
Santiago, I, 204; rector at Santia- 
go, in 1701, I, 273; letter on sep- 
arate rectorate for Pimeria Alta, 
in 1703, II, 26; encourages Kino 
to write Favores Celestiales, II, 
69; with Picolo visits Remedios 
and Santiago in 1705, II, 137; with 
Kino and Picolo at Cucurpe in 
1705, II, 138; with Kino at Mag- 
dalena in 1706, II, 165; letter to 
Kino, II, 35; still at San Ignacio 
in 1706, II, 159 

Cañas, Luis Cestín de (governor of 
Sinaloa and explorer): I, 219, II, 
236 

Cano: see Torices y Cano 

Canto, Luis del, S.J: provincial of 
New Spain, 1683-1686, I, 106, 354 

Capotcari, El (Apache chief): per- 
sonal combat with and defeat by 
Chief Coro, I, 179-184 

Capoteari: see Capotcari 

Carboneli, Estévan: expeditions to 
California, I, 219, II, 235 

Carmelites: in California, I, 218 


304. 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[ Vol. 





Carranco, Francisco, S.J: missionary 
in Sonora, I, 161, 162 

Carrasco, Capt. Diego: expedition 
with Kino, I, 184-187; diary of, 
discovered, 184-185, footnote 

Carrizal, El [Comaquidan], (village 
and watering-place): Kino at, I, 
255, 281, 285, 287, 311, 321, 338, 
345, II, 204, 205, 206 

Casa Grande (ruin on the Gila Riv- 
er): Kino’s first visit, in 1694, I, 
127-129; Manje's description of, I, 
129; aqueduct at, I, 172; Kino at, 
I, 172, 186, 195, 197, 236, II, 243 

Casas Grandes (ruins and settlement 
in Chihuahua): I, 260 

Casa Profesa (Mexico): I, 48 

Casaos, Juan: I, 239; lieutenant in 
Pimeria, II, 27 

Casanate: see Porter y Casanate 

Castillejo, Juan de, S.J: missionary 
at Cocóspera, San Lázaro, and San- 
ta Maria, I, 75, 116 

Castillo, Blas del (alcalde mayor): 
I, 116 

Castner, Caspar, S.J: missionary in 
China, II, 79; ambassador to Rome, 
LUNA TS 

Castro, Brother Simón de: II, 158 

Castro, Francisco de: II, 196 

Cavallero y Ocio, Juan: donor to 
California Pious Fund, I, 216; II, 
53 

Cavendish [Candish], John: expedi- 
tion on Pacific coast, I, 36 

Cédulas, royal: of 1606, ordering 
settlement of Monterey Bay, I, 218; 
of May 14, 1686, regarding sup- 
port of missions and forced labor 
of Indians, I, 107 et seg., 361, II, 
262; of December 29, 1679, on set- 
tlement of California, I, 37; of 
July 17, 1701, on support of Cali- 
fornia missions, I, 85, 228, II, 39, 
224, 229, 261, et seq; of Sept. 28, 
1703, on California, II, 98 

Cermeño, Juan Rodriguez: voyage 


down California coast in 1595, I, 
36 

Cervantes, Father, S.J: missionary in 
Sinaloa, aids Kino, I, 45, 47 

Chacala, port of: I, 39, 220 

Chapman, Dr. Charles E: I, 26 

Charles II, King of Spain: cédula, 
by, II, 262 

Chiguicagui [Chiricahua], Sierra de: 
I, 145, Il, 31 

Chiricahua Mountains: see Chiguica- 
gui 

China: Jesuits in, I, 34; missions 
contrasted with those of Pimeria 
Alta, II, 143; communication with 
America, II, 260 

Chinese [Chinos]: servants in Cali- 
fornia missions, II, 54, 56, 188 

Chinipas: Salvatierra at mission of, 
I, 117; mentioned, I, 121, 142, 156, 
1120 

Chino [Chinus]: see Kino 

Chinos: see Chinese 

Chiticahui, on Rio de Bavispe: I, 
146; Apaches defeated at, I, 270 

Christman, Wenceslaus, S.J: with 
Kino, I, 31 

Chumazero, José Hortegas: I, 365 

Chuyenqui: rancheria in Lower Cal- 
ifornia, II, 52 

Ciénega de Patos: place on Rio Gila, 
I, 248 

Cinzer, Guilielmo y: see Guilielmo y 
Cinzer 

Coanopas (Yuman tribe) : I, 315; vis- 
its Kino, I, 315 

Coatoydag (Indian village): see San 
Andrés 

Cocomaricopa (tribe): I, 50, 88, 128, 
173, 186, 194, 202, 208, 235, 237, 
242, 246, 287, II, 2045 207 ¡M8 208 
Kino hears of, in 1694, I, 128; de- 
fended by Kino, I, 192; vocabulary 
of language made by Father Gilg, 
I, 196 

Cócopa (tribe): I, 50 

Cocorpe: see Cucurpe 


two | 


INDEX 


305 





Cocóspera [Cocóspora], (Indian vil- 
lage and mission): see Santiago de 
Cocóspera 

Cola de Palo (chief of Cocóspera): 
II, 196, 218. See Pacheco 

Colomno, Capt. Gerónimo: II, 103 

Colorado River [Río del Norte]: ex- 
plored by Kino, I, 62, 242 el seg.; 
mentioned, I, 193, 194, 201, 230, II, 
210, 212 

Comac, El (village in Pimería Alta) : 
see San Gerónimo 

Communication: of California with 
mainland, needed, II, 176. See Cal- 
ifornia 

Comaquidan (Indian village near 
Carrizal): see Carrizal 

Concepción, mission of: see N. S. de 
la Concepción del Caborca 

Concepción (ship): I, 40, 46-48, 217 

Conchó (Indian rancheria in Lower 
California): see Loreto Concho 

Conchos (presidio): II, 122 

Conchos (tribe): I, 162 

Confessions: heard, II, 165, 172, 201 

Conicari: on Río Mayo, I, 155; Kino 
at, I, 160 

Contreras, Ensign: explores with Ki- 
no in California, I, 43 

Contreras, Pedro Ruiz de, S.J: mis- 
sionary at Cocóspera in 1697, I, 
166 

Contreras, 
Contreras 

Copart, Juan Bautista, S.J: error con- 
cerning, I, 39, footnote; missionary 
in California, I, 45, 214 

Coro, El (Sobaipuri head chief, at 
Quiburi): first visited by Kino, 
1692, I, 123; son of baptized, I, 
165; village, I, 170; defeats 
Apaches under Capotcari, I, 179- 
184, II, 26; reports victory to Kino, 
I, 181; joins Spanish soldiery 
against Jocomes, I, 207, 210; bap- 
tized and named Antonio Leal, I, 
233; defeats Jocomes and Janos, 


Viceroy: see Moya de 


I, 233, Il, 26; at Los Reyes de 
Sonóydag, 1, 307; Father Leal 
sends message to, I, 374; expedi- 
tion against Apaches, II, 27; pro- 
posal to fortify his village of Qui- 
buri, as frontier defense, II, 255, 
272; assists with men in building 
churches at Remedios and Cocós- 
pera, II, 34; accused of hostilities, 
II, 122; visits Dolores, Sept., 1706, 
II, 184, 196; at Guebavi, I, 296; 
mentioned, II, 218 

Corodéguachi, presidio of: see Santa 
Rosa de Corodéguachi 

Coronda, Father (Jesuit missionary 
in Taraumares): martyred, I, 156 

Correa, Juan (painter): I, 272; cf. 
Valle de Correa on the Map 

Cortés [Cortez], Antonio Ortis: sol- 
dier in escort of Kino and Leal, 
1699, I, 204, 206 

Cortés, Hernando: expedition to Cal- 
ifornia, I, 36, 217, II, 235 

Cortés [Cortez], Jacinto, S.J: first 
Jesuit missionary in California, I, 
219, Il, 236 

Cosari [Bamotze], (Indian village at 
site of Kino’s mission): see N. S. 
de los Dolores 

Crawford, Prof. R. T: opinion cited, 
I, 339, footnote 

Crescoli, Domingo, S.J: assigned to 
mission of Caborca in 1706, II, 159 

Cruz, Nicolas de la: son killed by 
Indians, II, 29 

Cruzat [Cruzate, Cruzatte]: see J?- 
ronza 

Cuat [Sicoróidag], (Cocomaricopa 
village): see San Mateo de Cuat 

Cuboquasivavia (Papago village 
near Santa Clara Mts.): see Tres 
Ojitos 

Cuculatos (tribe): 1, 209 

Cuculinus, Mathias, S.J: with Kino, 
I, 31 

Cucurpe [Cocorpe]: mission of, I, 
51; Father Aguilar at, I, 112; 


306 


Father Kapus at, I, 133; attacked 
by Apaches, I, 267; Salvatierra at, 
I, 268, 296; Picolo, Kino, and Cam- 
pos visit, II, 138, 1705; Picolo at, 
II, 135; mentioned, I, 110, 126, 141, 
145, 203, II, 32 

Cuibucó (rancheria in Lower Cali- 
fornia) <1; 52 

Cuituabagum [Cuitoabagum], (ranch- 
eria in Santa Cruz Valley): see 
Santa Catalina del Cuitoabagum, 
and Map 

Cumpas (mission in Sonora): I, 142 

Cundari, Antonio, S.J. (missionary 
in Marianas Islands): letter to Pi- 
colo, II, 139, 142 

Cups [Cupo?], (Indian village): 
Kino at, I, 291 

Cusiguriáchi [Cusihuiriachic], (place 
in Chihuahua): I, 162, footnote 

Cutganes (tribe): I, 88, 195, 237, 249; 
chief visits Kino, I, 317, 341 


DÁvaLos, ALonso (Conde de Mira- 
valles): contributes to Pious Fund, 
I, 216 

Diaz, Melchior: exploration of, I, 53 

Diaz de Theran, Capt. Juan: II, 123, 
196 

Drake, Francis: expedition on Pacific 
Ocean, I, 36; Kino on, I, 329, II, 
244, 260; Oyuela on, II, 213 

Duitró: rancheria in Lower Califor- 
nia, II, 54 

Dunn, Dr. William Edward: men- 
tioned, I, 24, 25 

Duran, Juan Antonio (commander of 
presidio of Corodéguachi) : accom- 
panies Kino to Sierra de Santa 
Clara, II, 197, ef seg.; signs report, 
II, 209 

Durango: see Guadiana 

Dutch: in Seville, I, 32; pirates; see 
Pichilingues 


ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: see Agricul- 
ture, Alms, Aqueduct, Building, 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 


Chinese, Communication, Expendi- 
tures, Guasinques, Indians, Labor, 
Mines, Missions, Negroes, Opatas, 
Pearl fishing, Piracy, Pitajayas, 
Products, Ranches, Supplies, Trade 

El Bosna (Indian village): see Bos- 
na 

El Ootcam (Indian village and mis- 
sion): see San Estanislao del Oot- 
cam 

El Paso (New Mexico): 
treaty at, I, 181 

El Saric (Indian village and mis- 
sion): see Santa Gertrudis del 
Saric 

El Soba (Indian chief and tribe): 
see Soba 

El Tucubabia (Indian village and 
mission): see San Ambrosio del 
Busamc y Tucubabia 

Encarnación, La (Tusonimo), (Pima 
village on Gila): visited by Kino, 
I, 128, 173, 186, 195, 197; mention- 
ed, I, 202, 235, 237, 256 

English: on Pacific, I, 36. See Drake, 
Cavendish 

Enulailó, rancheria in Lower Cali- 
fornia, II, 52 

Escalante, Alférez Juan Bautista de: 
I, 183; expedition against Seris, 
I, 211, footnote; letters to Kino, 
I, 238, 295, II, 108; Kino writes 
to, I, 240; defeats Apaches, I, 268, 
270; becomes captain at Loreto, 
California, II, 107; returns to So- 
nora in 1705, Il, 154 

Escarsega, Capt. Francisco de: I, 182 

Esgrecho, Phelipe, S.J: gives present 
to Mission Dolores, II, 137 

Estaineser, Brother Juan de: letter to 
Kino, II, 76; at dedication of 
Remedios and Cocéspera, II, 88 

Estrada, Juan de, S.J: acting-pro- 
vincial of New Spain, 1707, I, 92; 
provincial, 1707-1708, II, 116; asks 
Kino for report, II, 231 

Estrada Bocanegra, Capt. Antonio: 


Indian 


two | 


report of Indians at Dolores, I, 273 
Eudeve (tribe): I, 51, Il, 33 
Expenditures: for California mis- 

sions, II, 232, 236, 238. See Sup- 

plies, Alms, Economic conditions, 

Agriculture 
Explorations: equipment for, I, 201- 

204; see Atondo y Antillón, Anza, 

Bernal, Bohorqués, Cabrillo, Cali- 

fornia, Campos, Canas, Carrasco, 


Casanate, Cavendish, Cermeño, 
Colorado River, Contreras, Cortés 
(Antonio, Hernández, Jacinto), 


Díaz, Drake, Durán, Dutch, Esca- 
lante, Frontier Defence, Francis- 
cans, Fuensaldaña, Fernández de 
la Fuente, Garcés, Gilg, Goñi, 
González (Manuel), Gonzalvo, 
Guzmán, Jesuits, Jiménez, Jironza, 
Kappus, Kino, Leal, Legazpi, Lu- 
zenilla, Manje, Marcos de Niza, 
Minutili, Monterey, Ortega (Fran- 
cisco), Oyuela y Velarde, Pichilin- 
gues, Picolo, Polici, Porter, Ramos 
Sarmiento, Ramirez, Rodriguez Ca- 
brillo, Romero, Salvatierra, Sar- 
miento, Shells, Therán de los Ríos, 
Tuñon y Quiros, Ugarte, Ulloa, 
Vizcaíno, Zuñiga. See also place 
names in the Index 

Eymer [Eumer], Wenceslaus, 
letter to Kino, I, 300 


Says 


FAVORES CELESTIALES (Kino's histor- 
ical memoir, here published): use 
by early historians, I, 66-67; con- 
jectures of modern writers concern- 
ing, I, 68-79; rediscovery, I, 23, 
70; general nature of, I, 70-71; 
identification of the manuscript, I, 
72-73; value as source, I, 21, 73- 
78; analysis of contents, I, 73-78; 
relation to works of Ortega, Vene- 
gas, and Alegre, I, 73-78; com- 
pared with Manje’s Luz de Tierra 
Incégnita, I, 76; reasons for writ- 
ing, I, 85, 200 


INDEX | 


397 


Fernandez de la Cruz, Marqués de 
Buena Vista, Matheo: contributes 
to Pious Fund, I, 216 

Fernandez de la Cueva, Duque de Al- 
burquerque (viceroy of New 
Spain): II, 125 

Fernandez de Retana, Gen. Juan: ac- 
cuses chiefs Coro and Pacheco of 
hostility, II, 122 

Fernandez de la Torre, Alonso: law- 
suit concerning estates left to Jes- 
uit missions, II, 44-45 

Fernandez de la Fuente, Gen. Juan: 
expeditions against revolted Pimas, 
I, 145-147; concludes peace with 
Pimas at Ciénega del Tupo, I, 148- 
149; at El Paso, accepts submis- 
sion of Jocomes, I, 181; letters to 
Kino on discoveries and missions, 
IG 260420010 ory sae 7 S210; 
217-219; resigns command at Janos 
to Bezerra, II, 71; present at dedi- 
cation of church at Remedios, II, 
82; favors founding villa in Pi- 
meria Alta, II, 216 

Firmaizen, Juan, S.J: erects church 
in Marianas Islands, II, 141 

Fischer, Mathias, S.J: companion of 
Kino, I, 31 

Fiske, John: on Las Casas, I, 64 

Fondo Piadoso: see Pious Fund 

Franciscans: in California expedi- 
tions, I, 218, 221; see Belmar, Gar- 
cés, Marcos de Niza, Oyuela y Ve- 
larde 

Frayles, Los: I, 142; mines at, II, 
237 

Freiburg: Kino at, I, 29 

French: resident in Seville, I, 32; 
French missionaries suggested for 
Pimeria Alta, II, 74 

Frontier defence: see Apache, Baca- 
nuche, Bartiromo, Bernal, Becerra, 
Bocanegra, California, Campaigns, 
Capotcari, Carrasco, Casaos, Chiti- 
cahui, Coro, Corodéguachi, Cu- 
curpe, El Paso, Escalante, Fernán- 


308 


dez de Retana, Fuensaldana, Fer- 
nández de la Fuente, Gallo, Gál- 
vez, Granillo, Humaric, Indian 
depredations, Janos, Jironza, Jo- 
comes, Kino, Leal, Manje, Martyr- 
doms, Mendoza y Garzía, Mis- 
sions, Moreno, Nacosari, N. S. de 
la Concepción del Caborca, N. S. 
de los Remedios, Ochoa, Oposura, 
Parral, Pichilingues, Picondo, Pi- 
mas, Presidios, Quiburi, Retana, 
Rodríguez, Romero, Ruíz, Saeta, 
San Ignacio, San José de Ímuris, 
Santa Cruz de Quiburi, Santa 
Maria Magdalena, Santa Rosa de 
Corodéguachi, Santiago de Cocós- 
pera, Seris, Sobas, Sobaipuris, So- 
corro, Solis, Sonora, Sumas, Tara- 
humares, Tecupeto, Tepeguanes, 
Therán de los Rios, Turon, Tupo, 
Warfare 

Fruit raising: I, 93; see Agriculture 

Fuensaldaña, Gen. Jacinto de: com- 
mander of Compañía Volante of 
Sonora, I, 305; interest in Kino’s 
discoveries, I, 325; friendly to- 
ward Pimas, II, 102; letter to Ki- 
no, June, 1706, II, 194; certifies to 
good state of Pimeria Alta, II, 
195; death, II, 209; mentioned, I, 
328 

Fuente: see Fernández de la Fuente 


GALLO, EL, presidio of: I, 145 

Galvez, Conde de (viceroy of New 
Spain): I, 159; founds presidio of 
Corodéguachi, II, 108 

Garcés, Fray Francisco: crosses Yu- 
ma desert in 1771, I, 345 

Gaybanipitea (Sobaipuri village in 
San Pedro Valley): see Santa Cruz 

Gerstle [Gerstl], Adam, S.J: account 
of Kino’s voyage to America, I, 
St ebseq: 

Giganta, Sierra de la (mountains in 
California): I, 43, 216, II, 212 

Gila River [Rio Grande de Gila, 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[ Vol. 


Rio de los Apóstoles]: I, 171, 185- 
187, 194, II, 210, and throughout 
work 

Gilg [Gil, Jil], Adamo, S.J: mis- 
sionary to Seris, I, 106; on expedi- 
tion with Kino, I, 193, 230, II, 
245; writes Cocomaricopa vocabu- 
lary, I, 196; rector of San Fran- 
cisco Xavier, writes to Kino, I, 
232; letters to Kino on discoveries, 
I, 259, 324; at Santa Maria del 
Pépulo, Dec., 1703, II, 84; dedi- 
cates churches of Remedios and Co- 
cóspera, Jan., 1704; II, 86; aids 
Kino among Guaymas, 1704, II, 93; 
letter on good conduct of Pimas, 
Oct., 1704, II, 105; letter on Father 
Castner, Dec., 1706, II, 216 

Goñi, Pedro Matías, S.J: missionary 
with Kino in California, I, 38, 214 

Gonzalez, Manuel, S.J: visitor of So- 
nora missions, I, 113; visits mis- 
sions of Pimeria Alta, 1689, I, 115, 
240; rector of College of Oposura, 
1695, I, 134, 151; Kino sends shells 
to, I, 231; letters to Kino, I, 241, 
299; interest in Kino’s discoveries, 
I, 325; with Kino on expedition 
of 1702, I, 355 ef seq. 11,) 245; 
interest in natives, I, 341, 349; 
falls ill during exploring expedi- 
tion on Colorado River, I, 343; 
death at Tubutama, I, 347 

González, Tirso, S.J: General of the 
Order, I, 85; asks Kino to write 
report on missions, I, 227, 253, II, 
68, 229; letters to Kino, I, 355, I, 
157; permits Kino to spend half 
his, time in California, I, 232 

Gonzalvo, Francisco, S.J: with Kino 
at San Xavier del Bac, 1699, I, 
203, et seq., II, 251; in charge of 
Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1701, 
I, 303 

Gran China: see China 

Gran Quivira: see Quivira 

Gran Teguayo: see Teguayo 


two] 


Granillo, Luis (maestre de campo at 
Socorro, N. Mex.): accepts sub- 
mission of Apaches, I, 181 

Granillo de Salazar, Capt. Cristo- 
bal: letters to Kino, on Indian 
depredations, I, 270, II, 28, 29, 103, 
105, III 

Grijalva, Hernando de: explorer, I, 
217 

Grimaldi, Father: 
China, II, 260 

Guachinera (mission): I, 146 

Guadalajara [Guadalaxara]: Audi- 
encia of, I, 86; Kino at, in 1686, 
I, 106; in 1695, I, 159 

Guadalcazar, Marqués de (viceroy 
of New Spain): I, 218 

Guadalupe, Sinaloa: discovery of 
mines at, II, 237 

Guadiana: I, 152, 160. See Durango 

Guaymas (Indians) : I, 49; Kino’s ex- 
pedition to, II, 92 et seg. See San 
Francisco Xavier 

Guasavas (mission in Sonora): I, 
146, II, 31; Kino at, I, 167 

Guaycuros (tribe in California): I, 40 

Gubo, El (Papago Indian village): 
I, 290, and Map 

Guebavi [Gustutaqui], (Indian vil- 
lage and mission): see San Gabriel 

Guepaca [Huepaca], (mission in So- 
nora): I, 134, 150, 157; Kino at, 
I, 371 

Guilielmo y Cinzer (missionary at 
Chinipas): II, 78 

Guoydag (Indian village on Gila): 
I, 247 

Gustutaqui [Guebavi]: see San Ga- 
briel de Guebavi 

Gutiérrez: see Zevallos y Villa Gu- 
tierrez 

Guzmán, Capt: with Kino in Cali- 
fornia, I, 47 


missionary in 


HACKETT, Dr. CHARLES WILSON: I, 25 
Hancha: rancheria in California, II, 


54 


INDEX 


309 


Hanna, Most Rev. Edward J. (Arch- 
bishop of San Francisco): I, 26 
Haobonomas [Noabonomas, Hoabon- 
omas]: see Hoabonomas 

Herrera, Antonio de, S.J: visitor of 
Taraumares, II, 11 

Herrera, Juan de (sailor with Aton- 
do) : expedition to find Atondo, and 
wreck of vessel on Sonora coast, 
II, 191 

Himires [Ímuris], (Pima village and 
mission): see San José de Imuris 

Hoabonomas (Indian tribe near Col- 
orado River): I, 88, 249, 252; II, 
169. See Haobonomas 

Hocomes (Indian tribe): see Jocomes 

Hógiopas (tribe near Colorado Riv- 
er): I, 318, 323, 341. See Cócopa 

Holy Martyrs of Japan, rectorate of: 
1123 

Hortegas: see Chumazero 

Huepaca: see Guepaca 

Humaric [Humari], Sobaipuri chief: 
with sons receives instruction, I, 
169; defeats Apaches, I, 199; visit 
to Dolores, I, 202, 203; Kino sends 
message to, I, 235; visits Kino at 
Bac, I, 236; with sons is baptized 
at Dolores, II, 248 

Hurtassen [Hurtassum], Juan de: 
rector at Vera Cruz, interested in 
Kino’s discoveries, II, 230, 252 

Hymeris [{muris], (Indian village 
and mission): see Ímuris: San José 
de Imuris 


ÍMURIS: see San José de Ímuris 

Indian chiefs: see Bajón, Capotcari, 
Cola de Palo, Coro, Humaric, 
Pacheco, Palacios, Podenco, Soba, 
Tarabilla, Tocodoy Anigam 

Indian policy: work with seals for- 
bidden, I, 107. See Agriculture, 
Apache, Baptisms, Buildings, Cam- 
paigns, Cédulas, Coro, Escalante, 
Fernández de la Fuente, Humaric, 
Indian Tribes, Indian Depreda- 


310 


tions, Jironza, Jocomes, Justices, 
Kino, Labor, Mines, Missions, Mis- 
stonaries, Opas, Pimas, Pueblos, 
Quiburi, Ranches, Salvatierra, 
Stockraising, Supplies, Warfare 
Indian rancherias (villages): see 
Aquimuri, Bac, Bacapa, Bacoancos, 
Baicatcan, Baipia, Bamotze, Basoi- 
tutgan, Batki, Biaondó, Bogota, Bo- 
pota, Bosna, Bugota, Buquivaba, 
Busanic, Caborca, Caborica, Chu- 
yenqui, Coatoydag, Cucurpe, Co- 
mac, Comaquidan, Conchó, Cosari, 
Cuat, Cuibuco, Cuituabagum, Cups, 
Duitro, Enulailó, Gubo, Guebavt, 
Guoydag, Gustutaqui, Hanchá, Jet- 
tí, La Encarnación, La Merced, La 
Presentación, Licú, Liggui, Ligiggi, 
Londó, Loppú, Mototicachi, Nipé, 
Niunquí, Nunpoló, Nuntis, Obbé, 
Oiaur, Onemaitó, Onttá, Ootcam, 
Oyadoibuise, Picolopri, Quimiaumá, 
Quiquidrachi, Remedios, Reyes de 
Sonóidag, Saric, Siboda, Sicoréi- 
dag, Sonóidag (Sonóita), Sucoy- 
butobabia, Tamonquí, Teupnon, 
Tripué, Tubutama, Tucson, Tucu- 
babia, Tuesddú, Tumacácori, Tu- 
po, Tups, Tuscani, Tusonimo, Tu- 
tumagoydag, Undua, Unubbi, Un- 
uicat, Viggé, Voni, Yodivineggé 
Indian tribes: see Alchedomas, 
Apaches, Bagiopas, Coanopas, Co- 
comaricopas, Cócopas, Conchos, 
Cuculatos,  Cutganas,  Eudeves, 
Guaycuros, Guaymas, Hoabonomas 
Hógiopas, Janos, Jocomes, Lai- 
mones, Moquis, Opas, Opatas, Pá- 
pagos, Pimas Quiquimas, Seris, So- 
baipuris, Sumas, Tarahumares, Te- 
peguanes, Tepocas, Yumas, Zuñis 
Indians: in pearl industry, I, 37; 
depredations, I, 58, 121, 163; Pima 
uprising, I, 137-143; campaign 
against Pimas, I, 143-147; treaties 
with Pimas, I, 148-149; attacks of 
Apaches, Janos, and Jocomes on 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 


Pimeria frontiers, I, 175-179, 267- 
271, Il, 25-26, 28-32, 105-106, 170- 
172; Pima defence of frontier, I, 
179-184, 210-211, 292-302, II, 26- 
27, 90-91; depredations of Seris, I, 
211, II, 32; warfare by champion- 
ship, I, 179-181; inter-tribal war- 
fare, I, 197; overseers, I, 140. See 
Apaches, Baptism, Campaigns, 
Frontier Defence, Indian Chiefs, 
Indian Policy, Indian villages, In- 
dian Tribes, Intermarriages, La- 
bor, Martyrdoms, Mines, Pearl 
Fishing 

Ingolstadt: Kino at, I, 29, 333 

Intermarriages: between Spaniards 
and Indians, II, 141 

Irrigation: prehistoric, I, 172 

Itamarra, Capt. Francisco: I, 222 

Iturbe, Capt. Juan de: expeditions in 
Gulf of California, I, 218, II, 235 

Iturmende, Ignacio de, S.J: at Tubu- 
tama, I, 303, 346, II, 251 


Janos (Indian tribe): destroyed, I, 
100; destroy Cocóspera, I, 233; de- 
feated by Pimas, I, 179-184; in- 
roads into Sonora, II, 25; inroads 
into Pimería Alta, II, 171; hostil- 
ities mentioned, I, 106, 121, 142, 
145, 162, 166, 269, II, 25, 216 

Janos (presidio of): I, 260 

Januske, Daniel, S.J: missionary at 
Tubutama, I, 131; mentioned, I, 
139, II, 30 

Jardón, Antonio, S.J: provincial of 
New Spain, 1708-1711, I, 92, II, 
116 

Jesuits: Generals, see González 
(Tirso), Tamburini; visitors, see 
Anzieta, Burgos, Polici, González 
(Manuel), Leal, Pineiro; provin- 
cials, see Almonazir, Arrevillaga, 
Arteaga, Bonifas, Canto, Estrada, 
Jardón, Oddón, Pardo, Soto, Pala- 
cios; vice-provincials, see Marras; 
procurators to Rome, see Rolánde- 


two] 


gui, Vera; missionaries, see A gui- 
lar, Angel, Angelis, Arias, Baes, 
Barrillas, Bartiromo, Basaldua, 
Basilio, Bayerca, Benavides, Bo- 
rango, Borgia, Boubens, Bravo, 
Burgos, Calvanese, Campos, Car- 
ranco, Castillejo, Castner, Cer- 
vantes, Christman, Contreras, Co- 
part, Coronda, Cortés, Crescoli, 
Cuculinus, Cundari, Estaineser, Es- 
trada, Firmaizen, Fischer, Gerstle, 
Gilg, Goñi, Gonzalvo, Grimaldi, 
Herrera, Iturmendi, Januske, Kap- 
pus, Kerschbaumer, Kino, Klein, 
Leal, Lostinski, Loyola (Marcos), 
Mancher, Marmol, Marquina, Mar- 
tinez, Menéndez, Molino, Mora, 
Muscati, Neuman, Perez de Ribas, 
Picolo, Pineli, Porurahdiski, Ratkay, 
Revell, Roxas, Saeta, Salvatierra, 
San Martín, Sánchez, Sandoval, 
Stimpf, Ugarte, Strobach, Tapia, 
Thomas, Tilpe, Van Hame, Ve- 
larde; others, Aygentler, Esgrecho, 
Eymer, Hurtassen, Loyola (Pedro), 
Mariana, Pistoya, Scherer, Sigiien- 
za y Góngora, Vidal 


INDEX 311 


Jocomes [Hocomes, Xocomes], (In- 
dian tribe): punished, I, 100; dep- 
redations, I, 121, 140, 142, 160, 161, 
162, 165, 166, 175-184, 233, 269, II, 
25, 171, 216; alliance with Pimas 
against, I, 149; Cocóspera fortified 
against, I, 274; campaign against, 
I, 145, 162; defeated by Pimas, I, 
179-184; mentioned, I, 106, and 
passim 

Justices, Indian: I, 130 

Jutorchete, Father, S.J: missionary in 
China, I, 330 


Kappus [Kapus], Marcos ANTONIO, 
S.J: sketch of life, I, 126, mote; 
missionary at Cucurpe, accompan- 
ies Kino to coast, I, 126; made rec- 
tor of Pimeria, I, 133, 149; at 
Saeta’s funeral, I, 144; rector of 
College of Matape, writes to Kino, 
I, 231; letters to Kino, I, 241, 259, 
II, 108, 109, 153 

Kastner: see Castner 

Kavanagh, Rev. D. J: I, 25 

Kerschbaumer, Antonio, S.J: I, 31 

Kingdoms, Seven: suggested by Kino 
for America, I, 90, 129. See Seven 


Jesus, Fray Juan de: prophecy, I, 202 

Jetti: rancheria in Lower Califor- 
nia, II, 52 

Jiménez, Fortin: exploration, I, 217 

Jironza Petriz de Cruzat, Domingo: 
commander in Sonora, I, 99; bio- 
graphical sketch, I, 93, footnote; 
expedition against Pimas, I, 143; 
sends Pimas and Janos against 
Apaches, I, 162, footnote; tries to 
enlist Pimas against Apaches, I, 
183, footnote; correspondence dis- 
covered, I, 185, footnote; report, I, 
189, footnote; sends Manje with 
Kino, I, 204; interest in discovery 
of land route to California, I, 232, 
260, 302; Salvatierra applies to, 
for soldiers, I, 266; writes to Kino, 
Ii, 241; in favor with missionaries, 
II, 26 


Kingdoms 


Kino, Eusebio Francisco, S.J: birth, 


1644, I, 28; name, I, 28; early edu- 
cation, I, 29; entry into Jesuit or- 
der, I, 29; illness and recovery, 
1669, I, 97; student at Ingolstadt 
and Freiburg, I, 333; decides to 
become missionary, I, 333; asks to 
be sent to Chinese missions, II, 77; 
journey to Spain, 1678, I, 31; date 

of arrival in Mexico determined — 
(May 3, 1681), I, 30, 34; discus- 
sion with Sigúenza, 1681, I, 35; 
appointed missionary and cosmo- 
grapher for California, 1681, I, 
38; involved in dispute over juris- 
diction in California, 1682, I, 38; 
arrives in California, April 1, 1683, 
I, 39; work as rector and cosmo- 


312 


grapher in California, 1683-1685, 
I, 35-49, 88, 105; Il, 213, 235; 
makes map of California, I, 214; 
explores California, I, 43; inge- 
nuity in explaining Christian con- 
cepts, I, 45; final vows of Jesuit 
Order, I, 45; work in California 
abandoned, I, 105, II, 238; appeal 
for California to Bishop of Guad- 
alajara, 1685, 1,48: “at Torn, 
Guadalajara, and Matanchel, May, 
1685-Feb., 1686, 1, 215; endeavors 
in behalf of California, 1686, I, 49; 
asks to be sent to Sonora coast, I, 
49, 106, II, 238; negotiations at 
Guadalajara, 1686, I, 107; reaches 
Sonora, 1687, I, 50; founds mis- 
sions Dolores, San Ignacio, Ímuris, 
and Remedios, 1687, I, 51, 53, II, 
239; journey to Bacanuche, 1687, 
I, 114; new missions, 1687-1690, I, 
115-116; visit of Salvatierra, and 
first entry into Santa Cruz and San 
Pedro Valleys, 1690-1692, I, 117, 
123; incites Salvatierra’s interest 
in California, I, 120; first journey 
to coast, and work among Sobas, 
1693-1694, I, 123-126; dedicates 
church at Dolores, 1693, I, 125; 
first journey to Gila River and 
Casa Grande, 1694, I, 127-129; 
founding of Caborca mission, re- 
volt and pacification of Pimas, 
1694-1695, I, 130-157; journey to 
Mexico, 1695-1696, I, 158-162; 
meets Salvatierra in Mexico, I, 
159; encounters opposition, I, 162- 
164; reported killed, 1698, I, 163; 
visits to Santa Cruz and San Pedro 
valleys, 1696-1697, I, 164-166; 
journey to Bazeraca, 1697, I, 
166-168, II, 246; receives royal 
license to go to California with 
Salvatierra, 1697, but is prevented, 
I, 216, 222, II, 157, 241; expedi- 
tion with Bernal and Manje down 
San Pedro, 1697, I, 168-174; jour- 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 


ney to Caborca, 1698, I, 174-175; 
Indian attacks on missions, 1697- 
1698, I, 175-181; journey with 
Manje to Quiburi to count dead 
Apaches, 1698, I, 182-183; first 
journey through Papagueria and 
to Sierra de Santa Clara, 1698, 
with Carrasco, I, 184-192; jour- 
ney with Gilg and Manje via 
Sonóita to Gila, 1699, I, 193-199; 
conceives idea of land route to 
California, 1699, I, 54, 229-230; 
receives news that Apaches near 
Colorado have submitted, I, 202; 
expedition to Bac and Sonoita with 
Manje, Leal, and Gonzalvo, 1699, 
I, 203, 210, 251, visits Bac and 
founds church of San Xavier, April 
28, 1700, I, 230-242; calls Indians 
to learn source of blue shells, 1700, 
I, 234-235; receives permission to 
spend half his time in California, 
1700, 1, 232; asks permission to 
be minister at Bac, I, 240; journey 
via Batki to Yuma junction, 1700, 
I, 242-261; sends cattle to Salva- 
tierra, 1700, I, 262-264; is visited 
by Father Salvatierra, 1701, I, 265- 
267, 271; expedition delayed by 
Indian hostilities, I, 267-271; ex- 
pedition to Sierra de Santa Clara 
with Salvatierra and Manje, 1701, 
I, 271-302; receives aid of four 
new missionaries, and founds mis- 
sions at Guebavi, Tumacacori, and 
Bacoancos, I, 302-304; expedition 
to lower Colorado River, 1701, I, 
305-328; speculations concerning 
California geography, I, 329-335; 
expedition with Gonzalez to lower 
Colorado River, 1702, I, 335-369; 
argues that California is peninsula, 
I, 351-354; receives congratulations 
for discoveries, I, 355-357; sets 
forth advantages of Pimeria Alta, 
I, 357-362; is visited by Indians 
asking for missionaries, I, 370-371; 


two | 


journey with natives to Guepaca, 
I, 371-372; journeys to Caborca, 
Sonóita, and Bac, 1702, I, 373-374; 
plans another journey to Mexico, 
and endeavors to obtain new mis- 
sionaries, I, 375-377; finishes 
churches at Remedios and Cocós- 
pera, 1702-1703, I, 378-379, IL, 33, 
78, 80; is appointed rector of sepa- 
rate rectorate in Pimeria Alta, 1702, 
II, 40; sends Pimas against Apaches, 
1703, II, 27; defends reputation 
of Pimas, II, 32; encounters op- 
position and delays, II, 36-38; rea- 
sons for writing Favores Celes- 
tiales, II, 67-69; efforts to get more 
missionaries, 1703, II, 70-77; dedi- 
cates churches of Cocóspera and 
Remedios, 1704, II, 81-83, 86-88; 


accompanies Minutili to Tubu- 
tama, 1704, II, 88-89; musters 
Pimas to aid soldiery against 


Apaches, II, 90; expedition by new 
route to Guaymas, 1704, II, 92-96; 
desires relief from office of rector, 
II, 97-98; meets opposition, II, ror- 
104; celebrates Christmas with sol- 
diers at Cocóspera, 1704, II, 110, 
111; meets opposition, 1705, II, 


119-124, 131-134; is visited 
by Picolo, 1705, II, 135-138, 
139-143; compares his missions 


with those of China, II, 143- 
146; expedition with Minutili to 
Tepocas, and discovery of Island 
of Santa Inez, 1706, II, 158-163; 
appointed procurator of Pimeria, 
II, 159, 163; proposes communi- 


INDEX 313 





missions, 1706, II, 181; receives 
requests from natives for mission- 
aries, II, 184-186; plans to build 
launch for Gulf, II, 187-192; jour- 
ney to Corodéguachi for supplies, 
1706, II, 194, 197; expedition to 
Sierra de Santa Clara, 1706, II, 
197-215; discusses plan for villa 
for Pimeria Alta, II, 215-219; con- 
tinues writing Favores Celestiales 
in 1709, II, 115; report to Philip 
V, 1710, II, 224-275; last moments 
and death, 1711, I, 64; influence on 
Salvatierra, I, 21; writings of, I, 
22-23, 65-82, 91; varied activities 
of, I, 21; as missionary and church 
builder, I, 51-53; as explorer, I, 
53-56; as ranchman, I, 56-58; as 
diplomat, I, 148 ef seg; as ship- 
builder, II, 190, 242; personal char- 
acteristics stated by Velarde, I, 63- 
64; single-mindedness, I, 43; phy- 
sical energy and hardihood, I, 58- 
59; courage, I, 61; modesty, I, 
61; generosity toward other mis- 
sions, I, 133, II, 154, 166; love for 
Indians, I, 43, 60, 239; defends 
reputation of Pimas, I, 162, 269, 
II, 32, 105-106, 124-130; secures 
exemption of Indians from work in 
mines, I, 107; maps by, I, 23, 174, 
214 


Klein, Paulus, S.J: I, 31 


LABOR: of Indians, I, 107, 140, 202, 


378-379, II, 33, 34, 78, 80; Chinese 
as servants, II, 54, 56, 188; negroes 
in California, II, 54 


La Concepción: see N. S. de la Con- 
cepcion 

La Encarnacion: see Encarnacion 

La Giganta: see Sierra de la Gi- 
ganta 

Laguna, Marqués de la (viceroy of 
New Spain): I, 35, 221, II, 237 

Laimon: tribe and language, in Cali- 
fornia, II, so 


cation with California via Santa 
Inez, II, 162, 176-179; journey to 
west and northwest, and work on 
churches, 1706, II, 165-170; jour- 
neys to north, 1706, II, 172-173; 
Quiquimas send for him, II, 174- 
175; journey to Caborca, 1706, II, 
175-176; is promised new mission- 
aries, II, 180-183; makes report on 


314 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 





La Merced: see N. S. de la Merced 

Landsberg: Kino at, I, 29 

La Paz: Bay of, I, 217, 220, 221; set- 
tlement at, I, 39-40 

La Presentación: see Presentación 

La Quivira: see Gran Quivira 

Las Casas, Father Bartholomew: eu- 
logy by John Fiske, I, 64 

Leal, Antonio, S.J: missionary at 
Arizpe, I, 125; rector at Guadiana, 
I, 152; letter on Saeta’s death, I, 
152; visitor of Sinaloa till 1699, 
then of Sonora, letters to Kino, I, 
200; Kino sends blue shells to, I, 
231; on expedition with Kino, 
1699, I, 200 et seg., 234; Salvatier- 
ra to, I, 222-223; letters to Kino, 
I, 228, 240, 259; defends reputation 
of Pimas, I, 271; efforts to get new 
missionaries, I, 302; Kino reports 
to, I, 347, et seg.; letters to Kino, 
I, 298, 304, 365, 374, II, 28, 81, 89, 
103, 121, 122, 129, 138, 155, 215; 
favors founding a villa, II, 216 

Legazpi, Miguel López de: conquest 
of the Philippines, I, 36 

León, Capt. Cristóbal de: killed by 
Indians, 1696, I, 160-162 

León, Cristóbal: killed by Indians, 
1703, II, 32 

León, Domingo: killed by Indians, 
1703, II, 32 

Licú [Licht]: ranchería in California, 
II, 52 

Liggui: rancheria in California, II, 
52 

Ligiggi: rancheria in California, II, 52 

Londó: rancheria in California: see 
San Juan 

López de Sotomayor, Fray Francis- 
co: letter to Kino, 1703, II, 76 

Lorenzo, Captain Estévan: in com- 
mand of Loreto Concho, II, 107 

Loppú: ranchería in California, II, 
52, 54 

Loreto Conchó: mission in California: 
see N. S. de Loreto Conchó 


Los Álamos: see Álamos 

Los Chinipas: see Chinipas 

Los Dolores: see N. S. de los Dolores 

Los Frayles: see Frayles 

Los Himires: see Ímuris, San José 
de Ímuris 

Los Remedios: see Remedios, N. S. 
de los Remedios 

Los Reyes: see Reyes, Sonóidag 

Lostinski, George, S.J: missionary at 
San Ignacio, I, 125 

Loyola, Marcos de, S.J: missionary 
at Matape, I, 125, 135, 153; letters 
to Kino, I, 153, 298 

Loyola, Pedro Ignacio de, S.J: letters 
to Kino, I, 356, II, 150; novice 
master in Mexico, II, 150 

Lumholtz, Carl: explorations and 
map of, I, 126, footnote, 208, 277 

Luna, Aguaje de la: see Aguaje de 
la Luna 

Luzenilla [Lucenilla], Francisco de: 
exploration of California, I, 220, 
II, 236 


MAGDALENA (mission): 
María Magdalena 
Magdalena River: I, 21 

Mancker, Andreas, S.J: I, 31 

Manila: trade with Mexico, I, 36; 
galleon, I, 48, 214 

Manje [Mange, Manxe], Juan Ma- 
theo (nephew of Jironza): ensign, 
I, roo; lieutenant, I, 154; captain, 
I, 230; alcalde mayor of Sonora, 
I, 375; general, II, 99; his Luz de 
Tierra Incégnita, I, 73, 75, 76, 
198; confused with Kino’s writ- 
ings, I, 65; companion of Kino, I, 
56, 61; expeditions with Kino, I, 
125 (1693), I, 126 (1694), I, 168, 
170, 175, 182 (1698), I, 193 et seg 
(Feb.-March, 1699); I, 203 et seg, 
234 (Oct., 1699), 1, 272 (1701); 
letter to Kino, I, 154; with Kino, 
I, 230; dissents from Kino’s views, 
I, 301; certifies to Kino’s report, 


see Santa 


two] 


INDEX 


315 





I, 363; letters to Kino, I, 375, II, 
30, 82, 170, 183; offers aid for Cal- 
ifornia and Pimeria Alta, II, 99 

Mansos (tribe): defeat at Quiburi 
by Pimas, I, 178-184 

Marcos de Niza, Fray: I, 53; on the 
Seven Cities, I, 90, 129; at Baca- 
pa, I, 188, II, 203 

Marianas Islands: Jesuits in, I, 34; 
letters from, II, 139 

Mariano, Father: doubts tales of rich 
kingdoms in America, I, 359, II, 264 

Marmol, Pedro del, S.J: missionary 
in Sonora, I, 161 

Marquina, Diego de, S.J: missionary 
at Raun, Sinaloa, I, 47 

Marrás, Father, S.J: vice provincial, 
rejects offer of California, I, 49 

Marriages: solemnized, I, 239, II, 
116, 166. See Intermarriages 

Martinez, Manuel, S.J: massacred at 
Chinipas, I, 156 

Martini, Martin, S.J: relative of Ki- 
no, missionary in China, I, 30; 
writings of, II, 78 

Martyrdoms: in Jesuit missions of 
Sinaloa, Chinipas, Tepeguanes, 
Taraumares, and Pimeria Alta, I, 
156 

Mastrilli, Marcelo, S.J: I, 96 

Matanchel: I, 47, 214 

Matape: mission in Sonora, I, 125, 
$49,094,153, 382,/ 203, 231,241, 
260, 263; Salvatierra at, I, 266; 
Kino at, I, 263-264 

Mazatlan: I, 39, 219 

Mazon, Juan, soldier: killed by In- 
dians, II, 111 

Melandri, Father, 
name, I, 28 

Mendocino, Cape: I, 36, 213, II, 258 

Mendoza, Antonio de (viceroy): I, 
218 

Mendoza, Antonio, S.J: rector at San 
Ignacio de Mayo, I, 155 

Mendoza, Hurtado de: author of 
Geographic Mirror, II, 260 


S.J: on Kino’s 


Mendoza y Garza, Captain Antonio: 
commander at Loreto, I, 266 

Merced del Batki: see N. S. de la 
Merced del Batki 

Mines: I, 93, 110, 113, 114; Indians 
exempt from work in, I, 107, 361, 
II, 12, 62; mining towns (reales 
de minas), see Bacanuche, San 
Juan, Opodepe 

Minutili [Minutuli], Gerónimo, S.J: 
comes from California to Pimería 
Alta, Dec., 1703, II, 84; in charge 
of Missions San Pedro de Tubu- 
tama, Santa Teresa, and San An- 
tonio de Uquitoa, 1704-1706, II, 88, 
136, 154, 208; expedition with Ki- 
no to Tepoca coast, II, 159 et seq; 
letters to Kino, 1706, II, 174, 176 

Miranda Villaysan, Joseph de, fiscal: 
letter on Kino’s discoveries, I, 327 

Miravalles: see Dávalos 

Missions: purposes, II, 250, 263; 
scarcity and delays of missionaries, 
II, 223; opposition to, I, 113-114, 
II, 36 et seg.; defenders of frontier, 
II, 254 et seg.; endeavor to make 
them self-supporting, II, 271 ef 
seq.; favored by the government, 
I, 85, 108. See Agriculture, Alms, 
Arivechi, Arizpe, Babasaqui, Ba- 
coachi, Bacoancos, Bamotze, Bap- 
tism, Batuco, Bavispe, Bazeraca, 
Biaundé, Bugota, Buquivaba, Bu- 
sanic, Buildings, Caborca, Caborica, 
Chinipas, Cocóspera, Concepción, 
Cucurpe, Cumpas, El Ootcam, El 
Saric, El Tucubabia, Fondo Piado- 
so, Fruit raising, Guachinera, Gu- 
aymas, Guasavas, Guebavi, Gue- 
paca, Imuris, Loreto Conchó, Má- 
tape, Missionaries, N. S. de la Con- 
cepción, N. S. de los Dolores, N. 
S. de Loreto, N. S. de los Remedios, 
Oposura, Oputo, Pious Fund, Qui- 
quidrachi, San Ambrosio, San An- 
tonio, San Bernardo, San Bruno, 
San Cayetano, San Diego, San Es- 


316 


tanislao, San Felipe y Santiago, 
San Francisco, San Gabriel, San 
Ignacio, San Isidro, San José, San 
Juan, San Lázaro, San Luis, San 
Marcelo, San Miguel, San Pedro, 
San Simón, San Valentin, San Xa- 
vier, Santa Gertrudis, Santa María, 
Santa Teresa, Santiago, Sonóita, 
Spanish policy, Stock raising, Sup- 
plies, Trade, Tuape, Tubutama, 
Tucubabia, Tumacácori, Tupo, 
Uquitoa, Ures 

Missionaries: non-Spanish in South- 
west, I, 28; lack of, I, 94; sent to 
Pimería Alta, I, 116, 159; as de- 
fenders of frontier, I, 166, 211, II, 
254, et seg.; methods, I, 43-44, 60; 
on methods see also Baptisms, Con- 
fession, Temastián (mative teach- 
er), Marriages, Pueblos 

Moctezuma: see Oposura 

Molino, Basilio Xavier de S.J: in 
charge of mission Quiquiárachi, II, 
197 

Monqui (tribe of California): II, 50 

Montafiez, Juan de Ortega: viceroy- 
archbishop, I, 356 

Monterey, Conde de: viceroy, I, 218 

Monterey, bay of: attempted settle- 
ment, I, 36; objective of northward 
advance, I, 213 

Montesclaros, Conde de: viceroy, I, 
218 

Montezuma: see Valladares 

Moqui [Hopi], (tribe): I, 106; Kino 
sends messages to, I, 173, 198, 202; 
Kino considers reaching, I, 237, 252 

Mora, Francisco Xavier de, S.J: mis- 
sionary at Arizpe, writes to Kino, 
II, 29; reported shot by Indians, 
11,39 

Mora, Joachim de: brings news from 
Mexico, II, 118 

Moreno, Bachelor Don Joseph: car- 
ries part 1 of Favores Celestiales 
from Real de San Juan to Mexico, 
I, 227 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 


Moreno, family of: horse herd stol- 
en, II, 28 

Mototicachi (Pima village): destroy- 
ed by Spaniards, I, 142 

Movas: Picolo at, II, 183 

Moya de Contreras (viceroy of New 
Spain): I, 217 

Munoz, Diego: witnesses document, 
II, 196 

Muscati, Father, S.J: missionary in 
Island of Rota: II, 140 


Nacori (on Río Yaqui): Indians ex- 
ecuted there, I, 182 

Nacosari, Real de: thanks Pimas for 
defeat of Apaches, I, 182; Indian 
troubles, II, 29, 30 

Navarra: see Nueva Navarra 

Navas, Diego de las: I, 219 

Navidad, port of: I, 215, 218 

Nazareno, El (mountain west of Ca- 
borca): explored by Kino, I, 124 

Negroes: in California, II, 54 

Neuman, Josephus, S.J: I, 31 

New France: communication with, 
contemplated by Kino, II, 258 

New Mexico: citizens of trade with 
Sobaipuris, I, 53; Kino's desire 
to explore, I, 237, 257. See El Paso, 
Granillo, Hackett, Jironza, Mar- 
cos de Niza, Oñate, Quivira, Seven 
Cities, Socorro, Trade, Teguayo, 
Zuni 

New Navarre [Nueva Navarra]: 
name proposed by Kino for Pi- 
meria Alta, I, 87, 91, II, 223, 227, 
230, 256 

New Philippines: name proposed by 
Kino for Pimeria Alta, I, 86 

New Spain: see Alms, Cédulas, Eng- 
lish, Expenditures, French, Indian 
Policy, Jesuits, Kingdoms, Missions, 
Missionaries, Philip V, Provincials, 
Supplies, Trade, Viceroys 

Nile River: compared with Colora- 
do River, II, 212 


Nipé [misprint for Viggé], (ran- 


two] 


chería in California): see San 
Francisco Xavier 

Niunquí (rancheria in California): 
Il, 53 

Nuestra Señora de la Concepción del 
Caborca (mission at Caborca): 
Kino’s first expeditions to, I, 111, 
125; hall built, 1694, I, 126; mis- 
sion founded, 1694, I, 130 et seq.; 
Saeta’s labors at, I, 132 ef seg.; re- 
volt of Indians and murder of 
Saeta, I, 140 ef seq.; chapel de- 
stroyed, I, 145; Kino at, I, 148; 
Father Barrillas removed from 
through fear of revolt, I, 164; Bar- 
rillas takes charge of, 1698, I, 175; 
Kino at, I, 148, 187, 257, 274-276, 
303, II, 167, 175, 202; Salvatierra 
at, I, 274-276; well equipped, I, 
210; work on bark stopped by 
Kino, I, 230; Kino sends message 
to, I, 243; mentioned, I, 255; large 
church begun, I, 373, II, 202; Fa- 
ther Crescoli assigned to, II, 160; 
work on church in process, 1706, 
II, 168 et seg., 175; Oyuela on 
church and ranch, II, 209 

Nuestra Senora de la Merced del 
Batki [Batqui]: Papago village 
and watering-place, I, 188, 208; 
Kino at, I, 208, 244, 290 

Nuestra Sefiora de los Dolores, Ki- 
no’s head mission in Pimeria Alta: 
see this work, passim, especially, I, 
110, 114 et seg., 124; founded, I, 
51, et seg., 110, 112; church and 
house under construction, I, 115; 
Salvatierra at, I, 117; church ded- 
icated, I, 125, II, 240; provides 
guasingues, or carpenters, for oth- 
er missions, II, 168; Indians perse- 
cuted by Spaniards, II, 119 

Nuestra Señora de los Dolores [Yo- 
diviggé], (mission in California): 
eZ 

Nuestra Señora de los Dolores, rec- 
torate of: Kappus, rector of, I, 149; 


INDEX 


317 


separated from San Francisco de 
Senora, II, 39 ef seg. 

Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó 
(mission in California): I, 216, 
223, 261, 289, II, 50, 51 

Nuestra Señora de los Remedios 
(mission of): Kino's first expedi- 
tion to, I, 112, 118; opposition to- 
missionaries by natives, I, 113; 
Gonzalez at, I, 115; Salvatierra 
at, I, 118; Kino and Leal at; 1, 
204; Kino at, I, 231, 232, 238, 240, 
243, 258, 274, 307, 336, II, 165, 
172, 199, 208; Indians defeat 
Apaches, I, 270; building in pro- 
gress, I, 243, 258, II, 27, 34, 73, 
80; church dedicated, II, 86; vis- 
sited by Picolo, II, 137 

Nueva Borboña: name proposed for 
Gran Teguayo by Kino, I, 91 

Nueva Navarra: name proposed by 


Kino for Pimeria Alta. See New 
Navarre 

Nunpoló, ranchería in California: 
11492 


Nuntís [Nunteí] ranchería in Cali- 
fornia: IT, 52 


OBBÉ (rancheria in California) : II, 52 

Ochoa, Juan de (soldier): captive 
among the Jocomes, I, 146 

Ocio: see Cavallero 

Oddón, Ambrosio, S.J: provincial of 
New Spain, I, 89, 117; letters to 
Kino, I, 121, 356 

Oiaur [Oiaut], (Sobaipuri village on 
the Santa Cruz): see San Agustin 
de Oiaur 

Oñate, Juan de: explorations, I, 53, 
33351359 

O'Neill, Rev. Thos. L: I, 26 

Onemaitó (rancheria in California): 


1152 
Ontta (ranchería in California): II, 
52 


Ootcam (Pima village): see San Es- 
tanislao 


318 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[ Vol. 





Opatas (Indians): used as teachers 
and overseers in Pima missions: 
I, 140; mentioned, II, 32 

Opas (tribe): Kino hears of, in 1694, 
I, 128; visit Kino on Gila, distinct 
in language and dress from Coco- 
maricopas, I, 186; meet Kino at 
San Pedro, on Gila, I, 194; send 
for Kino to consider conversion, 
I, 202; mentioned, II, 210 

Opodepe (Spanish town in Sonora): 
Kino passes through, 1687, I, 110; 
inhabitants aid Kino, I, 113; Fa- 
ther Campos flees to, 1695, I, 145; 
Kino at, I, 371; Picolo at, 1705, 
Il, 135 

Oposura [Moctezuma], Sonora: Fa- 
ther González returns to, I, 111; 
college at, I, 151; Kino at, I, 167; 
letter of rector to Kino, I, 241; 
aids California missions, I, 264; 
Indian depredations near, II, 31 

Oputo [Aputo]: mission in Sonora, I, 
16%, 11,130 

Ortega, Father, S.J: author of the 
Apostélicos Afanes: reference to 
Kino’s writings, I, 60; relation of 
his book to Kino’s Favores Celes- 
tiales, I, 74 

Ortega, Francisco de: expeditions to 
California, I, 219, II, 162, 188, 235 

Ortega: see Montañez 

Ortiz: see Santo Ortiz 

Oyadoibuise (Cocomaricopa village 
on Gila): see San Felipe Y San- 
tiago 

Oyuela y Velarde, Fray Manuel de la 
(Franciscan): with Kino on ex- 
pedition to Santa Clara Mt., 1706, 
II, 197, 230, 245; report on journey 
with Kino, II, 209-214, 245; asks 
Kino to write report, II, 229; 
views on Drake, II, 212 


PacHEco [Cola de Palo], (chief of 
Cocóspera) : see Cola de palo 
Pacheco: see Zevallos 


Pacho, Francisco: II, 32 

Palacios, Juan de, S.J: provincial of 
New Spain, 1696, I, 159; promises 
missionaries for Pimeria Alta, II, 
132 

Palacios (Pima chief): I, 195 

Palma, Crostóval de la (oidor of 
Audiencia of Guadalajara): aids 
Kino, I, 107 

Papago (tribe): I, 50 

Pardo, Bernardo, S.J: provincial in 
New Spain, I, 37; assigns Kino to 
California mission, I, 333, 354 

Parral: request for soldiers from, 
117128 

Pascual, Julio, S.J: martyred in 
Chinipas mission, I, 156 

Patos: see Cienega de Patos 

Paz, La (Bay of, in California): see 
La Paz 

Pearl fishing: in California, I, 36, 
37, 39, 213, 217, Il, 58 

Peralta, Capt. Pedro de: letter to 
Kino from Bacanuchi, I, 269 

Pérez de Rivas: writings referred 
to, I, 87 

Petaca, La [Pitaqui]: tank in Papa- 
gueria, I, 286 

Petriz: see Jironza Petriz de Cruzat 

Philip II, King of Spain: proposal 
to name province in honor of, I, 86 

Philip V, King of Spain: memorial 
dedicated to, I, 85, 95; cédula of 
July 17, 1701, I, 85, 228, II, 39, 
224, 229, 261; cédula of 1704, II, 
98; gives alms for missions, I, 
362; reports to, on missions, II, 
74, 224 et séq. 

Philippines: Jesuits in, I, 34; rela- 
tion to California history, I, 36; 
name proposed for new province, 
I, 86 9 

Pichilingues [Dutch pirates]: on Cal- 
ifornia coast, I, 36, 48, 215, 218, 
II, 237 

Picolo, Francisco María, S.J: goes 
to California with Salvatierra in 


two] INDEX 319 





Kino's place, 1697, 1, 90, 216, 222, 
II, 241; vice rector of California 
in Salvatierra’s absence, I, 266; 
interest in land route to Califor- 
nia, I, 190, 260; letters to Kino, 
I, 191, 298; report on California 
missions, Feb. 10, 1702, I, 288, II, 
46-66, 229; work among Guaymas, 
1704, II, 92 ef seg.; meets Kino at 
Guaymas, 1704, II, 94; letter to 
Kino, Oct., 1704, II, 106; visitor 
of missions, 1705, II, 129, 135, 
146; arrives at Dolores, II, 135; 
letters to Kino, 1705-1706, II, 138, 
156, 163, 180, 182; on founding of 
villa in Pimeria, II, 217 

Picolopri, rancheria in California: 
II, 52 

Picondo, Capt. Pascual (lieutenant 
in Pimeria): letter to Kino, I, 154 

Pilar (mission): see Santiago de Co- 
cóspera 

Pimas (tribe): see this work, passim, 
especially, I, 50; victory over 
Apaches, I, 178-184; defenders of 
frontier, I, 210, 291; revolt in 
1695, I, 61, 130, et seg.; defeat Jo- 
comes and Janos, 1698, I, 179- 
184, 292, 298, 299; mentioned, I, 
163, 194, 202, 287, 288, 323 

Pimeria Alta: meaning of name, I, 
22; described, I, 50-51; Kino's 
work in, summarized, I, 51-65, II, 
242-245; entry of Jesuits into, I, 
105-106, II, 238-240; alms granted 
missions, I, 105; royal cédula fa- 
vors, I, 107; opposition to mis- 
sions and charges against Pima 
Indians, I, 112-115, 162-164, II, 36- 
38, 71-73, IOI-104, 119-134; visit 
of González, I, 115-116; visit of 
Salvatierra, I, 117-120, II, 240- 
241; report on, by Salvatierra, I, 
121; Kino’s expeditions of, 1692- 
1694, I, 122-129; work and martyr- 
dom of Saeta, I, 130-147; Pima 
uprising in 1695, I, 137-143; cam- 


paign against Pimas, I, 143-147; 
treaties with Pimas, I, 148-149; 
efforts to get missionaries, I, 158- 
162; attacks of Apaches, Janos, 
and Jocomes, I, 175-179, 267-271, 
II, 25-26, 28-32, 105-106, 170-172; 
Pima defence of frontier, I, 179- 
184, 210-211, 292-302, II, 26-27, 
90-91; Kino’s expeditions of 1696- 
1697, I, 164-175, II, 248-250; of 
1698-1699, I, 184-210, II, 250-251; 
Kino’s first interest in land pas- 
sage to California, I, 229-230; 
Kino’s expeditions of 1700, I, 230- 
262; cattle sent to California mis- 
sions, I, 262-264; Kino’s expedi- 
tion with Salvatierra and Manje 
to Santa Clara Mt., 1701, I, 265- 
302; four new missionaries enter 
Pimeria Alta, I, 302-304; royal 
cédula in favor of missions, II, 
38-40; Kino’s expeditions to Col- 
orado River, 1701-1702, I, 305-354; 
Yumas and Quiquimas ask for 
missionaries, I, 370-372; Kino 
plans to go to Mexico for mission- 
aries, I, 375-377; Pimas charged 
with hostility, 1703, II, 32-35; re- 
ports favorable to missions, II, 73- 
77, 149-152, 180-184, 195-196; new 
churches dedicated, II, 81-83, 86- 
88; Father Minutili enters, II, 84- 
85, 88-89; Kino’s journey to Guay- 
mas, II, 92-96, visit of Tufion y 
Quiros, II, 110-111; visit of Picolo, 
II, 135-139, 146-147; Kino's jour- 
ney to Gulf, 1706, II, 159-164; 
journeys among his missions, 
1706, II, 165-169, 172-173, 175-176; 
Quiquimas ask for baptism II, 
174-175; Fuensaldaña returns to 
Pimeria Alta, II, 193-195; expe- 
dition of Kino, Oyuela, and Duran 
to Santa Clara Mt., 1706, II, 197- 
216; plans for villa on frontier, 
II, 216-220; Indians ask for mis- 
sions, II, 246-247; number of na- 


320 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[ Vol. 





tives, II, 252-253; natural advan- 
tages set forth, I, 357-362, Il, 99- 
ror, 264-273; temporal value of 
missions, II, 254-263; missions fa- 
vored by Father General Tambur- 
ini, II, 274-275; missions compared 
with those of China, II, 143-146 

Pinacate, Sierra del: Kino’s explor- 
ations in, see Sierra de Santa Clara 

Piñadero: see Bernal de Piñadero 

Pineiro, Manuel, S.J: visitor, 1703- 
1704, 1, 77, 97; death, Oct. 22, 
1704, 11, 109, 118 

Pineli, Luis María, S.J: in charge 
of San Ignacio, Magdalena, and 
Tupo, I, 116, 118 

Pious Fund of California: I, 216, II, 
44-45. See Alms 

Piracy: see Cavendish, Dutch, Drake, 
English, Pichilingues 

Pistoya, Gerónimo, S.J: rector of 
college in Sinaloa, letter to Kino, 
I, 300 

Pitajayas: in use among Papagoes, 
I, 187 

Pitaqui [La Petaca, Tinaja de los 
Papagoes]: tank in Papagueria, 
I, 286 

Podenco, El [The Hound], (Pima 
chief at Cosari): killed by Sobas, 
III 

Polici, Oracio, S.J: visitor of mis- 
sions, I, 90, 300; obtains pardon 
for rebel Indians, I, 149; report 
sent to, I, 160; has doubts about 
Pima missions, I, 162; orders Kino 
to make explorations, I, 164; vis- 
isted by Kino and Indians at Ba- 
zeraca, I, 167, II, 246; Kino’s re- 
port to, I, 184-189; suggests new 
explorations, I, 230, 231; congrat- 
ulates Kino on discoveries, I, 299 
et seq.; letters, II, 30, 121, 164; 
mentioned, II, 28 

Porter [Portel] y Casante: explora- 
tion of California, I, 219, II, 236. 
See Casanate 


Poruhradiski, Br. Simon, S.J: I, 3x 
Pozo Verde: tank and Pima village: 
see Santa Eulalia 
Presentación, La (Yuma village in 
California): Kino at, I, 319 
Presidios: complaints against, I, 26, 
II, 30. See Santa Rosa de Corodé- 
guachi, Janos, Gallo, El Paso 
Priestley, Dr. Herbert Ingram: I, 26 
Products: of Pimeria Alta, II, 265 
et seg.; of California, II, 46-60 
Pueblos: organization of, II, 271 


QuiBUrR1 (village of head chief Coro, 
in San Pedro Valley): Kino’s first 
visit to, I, 122; native fortifica- 
tion at, I, 165; Kino visits, 1697, 
I, 168 et seq.; attacked by Indians, 
I, 177; Indians of, defeat Apaches, 
I, 233. Shee Santa Cruz, Santa Ana 

Quimiauma (rancheria in Califor- 
nia): 11,52 

Quino: see Kino 

Quiquiárachi (mission): Kino at, II, 
197 

Quiquima (tribe near Colorado Riv- 
er): I, 50, 88, 249, 252, 256, 279, 
287, 288, 289, 310, 323, II, 204, 218; 
visited by Kino, I, 214 et seq., 340 
et seq; send gifts and ask for mis- 
sionaries, II, 174 

Quiros, General: I, 146. 
y Quiros 

Quisuani, Sonora: mines of, I, 362 
et seq. 

Quivira, Gran: I, 88, 213, 230 


See Tuñon 


RAMÍREZ, JUAN MATHEO: diary of 
journey with Kino to Sierra de 
Santa Clara, 1706, II, 197 et seq. 

Ramos, Nicolás Bernado de: letter to 
Kino, II, 149 et seg. 

Ramos Sarmiento, Lieut. Juan: with 
Kino’s expedition of 1698, I, 175 

Ranches: at Quiburi, Bac, Tumacaco- 
ri, San Luis Bacoancos, I, 164-165; 
at Bacoancos, Guebavi, and Tu- 


two] 


macacori,, 1, 204, 233,111; 27; at 
Sondita, I, 194; at Caborca, II, 
209; at San Valentín, II, 182; at 
San Simón, I, 275; at Santa Eu- 
lalia, 1, 337 

Ratkay, Joannes, S.J: I, 31 

Reales: see Mines 

Red Sea [Gulf of California]: I, 325 

Remedios (mission): see Nuestra Se- 
mora de los Remedios 

Resaval, Gen. Andrés de: II, 187 

Retana, Gen. Juan Fernandez de: 
captain of Presidio of Conchos, II, 
122; in Sonora, letters of, II, 124, 
127 

Revell, Thomas, S.J: I, 31 

Reyes de Sonóidag, Los: Pima vil- 
lage: Kino at, I, 205; Coro at, I, 
233, 307; Kino sends message to, 
I, 307 

Ribas, Andrés Pérez de, S.J: mis- 
sionary and historian, I, 87, 223 

Rio Amarillo: I, 350 

Rio Azul: seen by Kino, I, 193, 197, 
350 

Rio de los Apóstoles: see Rio Gila; 
Gila River 

Rio Grande de Gila: see Gila River 

Rios: see Therán de los Rios 

Riva de Zalazar, Juan de la: Il, 
196 

Rodriguez, Diego: soldier with Kino, 
1699, I, 204 

Rodriguez, Estévan: captain in Cali- 
fornia, II, 154 

Rodriguez Cabrillo, Juan: explora- 
tion of coast, I, 36 

Rodriguez Cermeño, Juan: see Cer- 
meno 

Rolandegui, Bernardo, S.J: procura- 
tor to Rome, I, 227, 375, II, 68 

Rome: altar of St. Ignatius in, II, 158 

Romero, Capt. Juan: II, 140 

Romero, Capt. Sebestián: with Ki- 
no’s expedition to Caborca, I, 124; 
in California, I, 190 

Rosario, El, vessel: Il, 54 


INDEX 


321 


Roxas, Antonio de, S.J: missionary 
in Sonora, I, 113 

Royal cédulas: see cédulas 

Ruiz de Abechuco, Gen. Isidro: al- 
calde mayor of Sonora, letters of, 
1, 2037 11,652 

% 

SAETA, FRANCISCO XAVIER, S.J: mis- 
sionary at Caborca, I, 130-147; ar- 
rives in 1694, I, 131; takes charge 
of Caborca, I, 132; journey among 
missions to gather alms, I, 133; 
return to Caborca, I, 135; desire 
to work in California, I, 136; let- 
ters of, I, 132-139; murdered by 
Pimas, I, 140; letters concerning 
death, I, 148-157; presentiment of 
death, I, 156; mentioned, II, 210 

Saguaripa: Picolo at, 1706, II, 163 

Salazar [Zalasar], Antonio de, vicar 
at Real de San Juan: II, 273 

Salazar: see Granillo; Riva 

Salines: in Lower California, II, 57 

Salsipuedes: Kino at, I, 47 

Conde de (viceroy): 
charged to promote conversion of 
California, I, 219 

Salvatierra, Juan Maria, S.J: as- 
signed to California, I, 86; birth, 
I, 28; at Los Chinipas before 1690, 
I, 117; interested in California by 
Kino, I, 89-90, 120; reports to 
Oddon, I, 121, 215; visitor in Sin- 
aloa and Sonora, I, 98, 117, II, 
240; reports to Mexico, I, 121, 215; 
meets Kino in Mexico, 1696, I, 159; 
assigned to California, I, 86, II, 43, 
241; expedition to California from 
Yaqui, I, 215-217, 222; his work in 
California, I, 216, II, 47-66; Kino 
tries to communicate with overland, 
I, 185; letters to Kino and others, 
I, 190, 222, 261, 296, 305, 323, 367, 
368, II, 91, 147, 152; interest in 
Kino's exploration, I, 190, 258, 261- 
262, 296, 305, 324, 368; hardships 
of his mission, I, 367, II, 91; in 


Salvatierra, 


322 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[ Vol. 





Sinaloa to obtain supplies from 
mainland mission, 1700, I, 262; 
journey with Kino to seek land 
route, 1701, I, 265, 271, et seq., 351, 
Il, 245; return from Sonoita, I, 
287, 296; at Cucurpe, I, 296; re- 
turn to California, I, 297; founds 
mission at Guaymas, II, 92; jour- 
ney to Mexico, 1704, I, 106; made 
provincial, Oct., 1704, I, 109, 119; 
visits California, 1705, II, 147; re- 
turn to Mexico, 1705, II, 152 

San Agustin (California): natives 
ask for missionaries, I, 222 

San Agustin de Oiaur [Oiaut], (So- 
baipuri village on Santa Cruz): I, 
206, 207, 236; recommended by 
Kino as site of mission, 1706, II, 
182 

San Ambrosio del Busanic y Tucuba- 
bia (mission for two villages of 
Busanic and Tucubabia): Kino at, 
I, 118, 308, 321, 336, 346, II, 166, 
201, 208; mentioned, I, 116, 118, 
175, 189, 200, 209, 238, 243, 255, 
275, 289, II, 204, 207; church be- 
ing built, I, 373, II, 168; ready for 
missionary, II, 182 

San Andrés [Coatóydag], (Pima vil- 
lage on Gila): Kino at, I, 128, 186, 
195, 197; home of chief Palacios, 
I, 173; message to Kino, I, 202; 
message from Kino, I, 235 

San Antonio de Uquitoa, mission of: 
I, 116, 141, 144, 257, 274, 276, Il, 
136, 167, 202 

San Bartolomé 
Gila): I, 197 

San Bernabé, Bay of: see La Paz 

San Bernardo de Aquimuri (village 
and mission): I, 275, II, 182 

San Bruno (mission, in California): 
I, 40-49, 214, 221, 222 

San Bruno Teupnon (mission station 
in California): II, 54 

San Casimiro (Quiquima village on 
lower Colorado River): I, 341, 343, 
345 


(Pima village on 


San Cayetano del Tumacacori (vil- 
lage and mission in Arizona): na- 
tives send message to Kino, 1690, 
I, 118; ranch established, I, 165; 
Kino at, I, 165, 198, 204, 233, 234, 
239, 292; Father San Martin in 
charge of, I, 303 

Sánchez [Zanches], Manuel, S.J: 
martyred in Taraumares, I, 156 

San Cosme del Tucson (Pima vil- 
lage): Kino at, I, 206, 236 

San Diego del Pitquin (village and 
mission): I, 132, 141, 257, 274, 276, 
II, 167; church in progress, II, 168, 
202 

San Dionisio (California): I, 214, 
222, 287; settlement described, II, 
51 

San Dionysio (Yuma village) : I, 252, 
286; Kino at, I, 312, 320, 338 

San Edouardo del Baipia (Papago 
village): I, 256; Kino at, I, 277, 
II, 203 . 

San Estanislao del Ootcam (Pima. 
village and mission): I, 205; Kino 
at, I, 205, 308, 321, 336, 345; adobe 
church there, I, 337, II, 208 

San Felipe y Santiago de Oyadoi- 
buise (Cocomaricopa village on the 
Gila): Kino at, I, 196, 247 

San Felix Valois (village on the Col- 
orado): Kino at, I, 314, 320 

San Firmin, vessel: I, 262 

San Francisco del Adid (Papago vil- 
lage): Kino at, I, 187, 208; In- 
dians from, visit Kino at Bac, I, 
237 

San Francisco Xavier Biaundó (mis- 
sion in California): II, 50, 52 

San Francisco de Borja, rectorate of: 
I, 134 

San Francisco Xavier de los Guay- 
mas, port of: I, 221 

San Francisco Xavier de Viggé 
[Nipe], (mission in California): 
I, 216, 224 

San Francisco Xavier de Sonora, rec- 
torate of: I, 134 


two | 


San Gabriel [José] de Guebavi [Gus- 
tutaqui], (village and mission in 
Santa Cruz Valley): Kino at, I, 
119, 120; ranch at, I, 204, 233, II, 
27; Father San Martin in charge 
of, I, 303; Kino at, I, 307; house 
and church finished, I, 303, 307; 
Escalante at, I, 296 

San Gerónimo (place between Qui- 
buri and San Cayetano): I, 165 

San Gerónimo [El Comac], (village 
near Gila River): Kino at, l, 244, 
245 

San Ignacio de Caborica (Pima vil- 
lage and mission): founded, 1687, 
I, 111, IL, 239; Kino at, I, 111, 
200, II, 210; Salvatierra at, I, 117, 
I, 272; destroyed by Indians, I, 
145; expedition outfitted at, I, 47; 
attacked by Indians, 1703, II, 26; 
Picolo at, II, 136, 137; mentioned, 
I, 113, 115, 116, 118, 131, 141, 161, 
239, 258, II, 26; buildings of, II, 
210 

San Ignacio de Mayo, mission: I, 155 

San Ignacio (port in Sinaloa): I, 47 

San Isidro (mission in California) : 
I, 45, 214 

San Joachin [Juachin, Joaquin], (Pi- 
ma village): Kino passes through, 
ready for missionary, II, 182 

San José de Guaymas (mission): II, 
92, 181 

San José de Guevavi (mission): see 
San Gabriel, Guevavi 

San José de Imuris (Pima village 
and mission): Kino at, I, 111, 113, 
118, II, 208; founded, 1687, II, 239; 
Sandoval in charge, I, 117, 118; 
destroyed by Indians, I, 145; Pi- 
colo at, II, 137; mentioned, I, 115, 
240, 258 

San Joseph de Ramos [Basoitutgan], 
Papago village near Santa Clara 
Mt.): Kino at, I, 282, 284 

San José (vessel): I, 40, 45, 48, II, 


54 
San Juan de Sonora (mining town 


INDEX 


323 


and district capital): I, r1o, 113, 
167, 181, 193, 227, 266, II, 29 

San Juan Londó (village and mission 
in California): II, 54 

San Lazaro (village and mission 
north of Cocóspera): I, 204, 233, 
307; church being built, II, 172, 
182 4 

San Ldzaro (vessel): I, 217 

San Lorenzo: see Santa Gertrudis 

San Lucas, Cape of: I, 221 

San Luis Bacoancos (Pima village 
and mission): ranch begun by 
Kino, 1697, I, 165; Kino at, I, 204, 
292, 307; Father San Martin in 
charge of, I, 303; ready for mis- 
sionary, II, 182; mentioned, I, 210, 
233, 296 

San Luis Bertrando del Bacapa (Pa- 
pago village): Kino at, I, 188, 256, 
277, 11, 203 

San Luis Potosi: Polici rector at, I, 
300 

San Manuel, Bay of: seen by Oyuela, 
II, 205 

San Marcelo del Sonóidag [Sonóita]: 
Kino at, 1698, I, 188; ranch for 
mission begun, 1699, I, 193, 194; 
Kino at, I, 208, 255, 256, 279, 281, 
285, 287, 290, 309, 321, 337, 346, 
II, 203, 207, 210, 214; agriculture 
at, I, 255; church built, 1701, I, 
288, II, 204, 309; irrigation ditches, 
I, 188, 310; Quiquimas ask Kino 
to meet him there, II, 174; men- 
tioned, I, 243, 245 

San Martin, Juan de, S.J: missionary 
in charge of Guevavi, Tumacacori, 
and San Luís Bacoancos, 1701- 
1702, I, 303, 304, 307, II, 251; mis- 
sionary at San Francisco and Pit- 
quin [Hermosillo], 1704, aids Kino 
in his work among Guaymas, II 
93 

San Martin (village and watering- 
place near Sonóita): Kino at, I 
303, 337, 1, 207 

San Mateo de Cuat [Sicoróidag] 


324 


(Cocomaricopa village on Gila): 
I, 196 

San Matías Tutumagóydag (Coco- 
maricopa village near Gila): Kino 
at, I, 196, 247; Indians from visit 
Kino, II, 207 

San Miguel de Bavispe, Sonora: II, 
31 

San Miguel del Tupo (Indian vil- 
lage): I, 115; Pineli in charge of, 
1690, I, 118; chief put to death, 
1695, I, 145; treaty made at, I, 148 

San Pablo (village on Gila): I, 194, 
248, 311, 320, 339, 345 

San Pablo de Quiburi: see Quiburi, 
Santa Ana de Quiburi 

San Pedro River: Indians of, I, 50, 
170. See Rio San Josef de Terre- 
nate, Quiburi 

San Pedro del Tubutama (village 
and mission on Altar River): I, 
115, 116, 118, 131, 146, 189, 200, 
209, 238, 257; Arias in charge at, 
1690, I, 118; Saeta at, I, 138; up- 
rising at, I, 139; Salvatierra at, I, 
274; Kino at, I, 276, 346, II, 166, 
175, 201, 208; Iturmendi in charge 
of, I, 303; Minutili given charge, 
1704, II, 88; Picolo visits, II, 136; 
church under construction, II, 136, 
168, 175, 201 

San Rafael del Actum Grande (Pá- 
pago village near Sondita): I, 188, 
208, 244, 277; Kino at, I, 188, 208, 
290, 309, 337, II, 207 : 

San Rodesindo (Quiquima village on 
Colorado): Kino at, I, 340 

San Salvador del Baicatcan (Pima 
village on San Pedro River): Kino 
O ES 

San Serafín del Actum Chico (Pá- 
pago village) : Kino at, I, 136, 188, 
207, 237, 290 

San Simón Tucsani (Cocomaricopa 
village on Gila): Kino at, I, 196, 
243 

San Simón y San Judas del Síboda 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 


[Síboda], (Pima village and mis- 
sion): Kino at, I, 275, 307, 322, 
336, II, 165, 200; ranch at, I, 275 

San Tadeo de Vaqui [Batki], (Coco- 
maricopa village on Gila): Kino 
at; 1,:247 

San Valentin (mission on Altar): 
church and ranch at, II, 182 

San Vicente (watering place): Kino 
at, I, 337 

San Vizente, Cape of: II, 162 

San Xavier del Bac [see Bac], (vil- 
lage and mission on Santa Cruz): 
Indians from send message to Ki- 
no, I, 119; Kino’s first visit to, 
1692, I, 122; Kino passes through, 
1694, I, 128; ranch established, 
1697, I, 165; population, 1697, I, 
173; Kino at, 1698, I, 198; adobe 
house built, I, 205, 207; Kino at, 
1700, foundations of church laid, 
April 28, I, 234-239; Kino’s de- 
sire to be stationed there, I, 241; 
Kino and Manje at, 1701, I, 291; 
Gonzalvo in charge, 1701, I, 303; 
Kino at, 1702, work on church 
continued, I, 373; Indians assist 
building at Remedios and Cocós- 
pera, II, 34; without missionary, 
1703, 1706, II, 35, 1321 

San Xavier Biaundó [Biaontón], ran- 
chería in California: I, 224 

San Xavier del Viggé: see San 
Francisco Xavier del Vigge 

San Xavier (launch): I, 366 

San Xavier (ship): Il, 54 

San Ysidro: see San Isidro 

Sandias, Las, on Gila River: I, 249, 
253 

Sandoval, Pedro de, S.J: missionary 
in charge of Saric and Tucubabia, 
I, 116; at fmuris, I, 118; at Cocós- 
pera, I, 120 

Santa Ana del Anamic (village and 
watering-place): Kino at, I, 308 

Santa Ana [San Pablo] de Quiburi 
(village of chief Coro): Kino at, 


x 


two | 





1696, fortification of, house and 
ranch begun by Kino, I, 164-165; 
ready for missionary, II, 182. See 
Quiburi 

Santa Barbara, Hacienda of: II, 217 

Santa Barbara de Sondita (Pima vil- 
lage): I, 187, footnote; Kino at, 
I, 322, 336, II, 200 


Santa Biviana [Bibiana], (Indian 
village): Kino at, II, 207 
Santa Catalina del Cuitoabagum 


(Sobaipuri village on Santa Cruz): 
Kino at, I, 206, 235, 236 

Santa Clara, Puerto de [Adair Bay], 
Kino at, 1698, I, 187, 229; men- 
tioned, I, 194; Kino at, 1701, I, 
283; in 1706, II, 205, 211-213, 230; 
described by Oyuela, II, 211-213 

Santa Clara, Cerro de [Sierra del 
Pinacate]: Kino at, 1698, I, 187, 
229 (see map); in 1701, I, 283; in 
1706, II, 204 

Santa Cruz: early name for Califor- 
nia, I, 36 

Santa Cruz de Gaybanipitea [Qui- 
buri], (Sobaipuri village near Qui- 
buri): I, 168; crops and irrigation, 
I, 170, footnote; attacked, by 
Apaches, I, 177-184; fortification 
of, I, 178; ready for missionary, 
II, 182 


Santa Cruz River: I, 21, 50; see Rio 


de Santa Maria 

Santa Eulalia (Indian village and 
watering-place): ranch begun at 
Kino’s orders, I, 537; Kino at, I, 
243 

Santa Gertrudis del Saric [San Lo- 
renzo], (village and _ mission): 
Sandoval assigned to, I, 116; Kino 
at, I, 118, 238, II, 166; church 
under construction, I, 373, II, 168; 
ready without missionary, II, 182 

Santa Inez [Ynés]: island discovered 
by Kino): II, 161; plan to estab- 
lish communication with Califor- 
nia by way of, II, 176 


INDEX 


325 


Santa Isabel (Yuma village on Col- 
orado): Kino at, I, 313, 340 

Santa Maria Bazeraca (mission in 
Sonora): I, 160, 166; Kino at, II, 
218 

Santa María de Bugota (village and 
mission): Kino at, I, 136; church 
under construction, II, 172, 182; 
without missionary, II, 182 

Santa María Magdalena [Buquiva- 
ba], (village and mission, Magda- 
lena): Kino at, I, 116, 118, 120, 
145, 258, II, 165, 208; Salvatierra 
at, I, 118; destroyed by native up- 
rising, I, 145; church under con- 
struction, II, 136, 168; visited by 
Picolo, 1705, II, 137 

Santa Maria del Populo (mission) : 
Minutili and Gilg at, II, 84 

Santa Rosa de Corodéguachi, pre- 
sidio of: I, 210, II, 197 

Santa Sabina, port of: discovered by 
Kino, I, 126 

Santa Sabina (village and watering- 
place): Kino at, I, 309, 321, 337 

Santa Teresa del Adid [Ati], (vil- 
lage and mission): Kino at, 1, 276, 
II, 167; Salvatierra at, I, 274; 
Minutili in charge of, church un- 
der construction, II, 136 

Santiago, Rio de [Tololotlan]: I, 220 

Santiago de Cocóspera [N. S. del Pi- 
lar y Santiago de Cocóspera], (In- 
dian village and mission): Kino 
visits, I, 115; Castillejo in charge 
of, I, 116; Salvatierra at, I, 119, 
120; Sandoval in charge of, I, 120; 
put in charge of Contreras, I, 164, 
166 (1697); attacked by hostile In- 
dians, I, 175-176, 233; fortified, I, 
274; Kino at, I, 204, 232, 274, 292, 
307, II, 110, 165, 172, 200; build- 
ing in progress, I, 232, 368, 378, 
II, 27, 34, 73, 80, 86; governor ac- 
cused of hostility, II, 10, 103, 122; 
visited by Picolo, II, 137; men- 
tioned, I, 133 


326 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 





Santisima Trinidad de la California: 
name given province of California, 
I, 40 

Santo Ortiz, Fernando de; obtains 
pearl-fishing permit, I, 217 

Santos Martyres de Japón, rectorate 
of: I, 121, 134 

Santo Thomas, Rio de: in California, 
I, 221 

Saracachi, ranch near Cucurpe: I, 
267, II, 138 

Sarástigui, Capt. Martin de: II, 187 

Saric, El (Pima village and mis- 
sion): see Santa Gertrudis del 
Saric 

Sarmiento: see Ramos Sarmiento 

Sarmiento Valladares, Joseph (Conde 
de Montezuma): viceroy, I, 85, 159, 
II, 43; authorizes Salvatierra and 
Kino to go to California, II, 241 

Scalps: of enemies sent to Kino as 
sign of friendship, II, 169 

Seris (tribe): Kino asks permission 
to work among, I, 49; Father Gilg 
sent among, I, 106; expedition 
against, I, 211; rumors of hostil- 
ities, II, 32 

Seven Cities of Cibola: I, 90, 129, 188 

Seven Kingdoms: see Kingdoms, Sev- 
en 

Seville: life in 17th century as de- 
scribed by Father Gerstle, I, 31-32 

Shells, blue: relation to Kino’s effort 
to prove that California was pen- 
insula: I, 46, 55, 195, 230, 231, 234, 
237, 241, 259, 272, 298, 310, 317, 
322, 342, 352, II, 87, 170, 174, 185. 
See California, Kino 

Siboda (Pima village and mission) : 
see San Simin y San Judas del 
Siboda 

Sicoróidag, San Matheo del (Coco- 
maricopa village on Gila): see San 
Matheo 

Sierpe, Pedro de Gil de la: donates 
launch to Pious Fund of California, 
I, 216 


Sierra Madre de California: seen 
from Santa Clara, II, 205, 212 
Sierre de la Giganta, California: I, 43 
Sigúenza y Góngora, S.J: relations 
with Kino, I, 35 

Sinaloa: I, 36, 156 

Soba, El (chief of Sobas): hostile to 
eastern Pimas, I, 123 

Sobaipuris (tribe, division of Pimas) : 
ask for missionaries, I, 119, 121; 
Kino visits, I, 122, 169; accused 
of depredations, 1,. 162; defeat 
Apaches, I, 199; mentioned, I, 50, 
II9, 122, 146, 162, £65, 170, 272, 
174, 199, 202, 210, 234, 275, 287, 
110127, 218 

Sobas, Piman division: plan to visit, 
I, 115; desire for missionaries, I, 
118; plans to reduce, I, 121; Kino 
among, I, 123-125, 126, 229; wars 
with eastern Pimas, I, 123-124; 
Saeta among, I, 131; chiefs visit 
Dolores, I, 155; rumors of hostil- 
ity, I, 164, II, 32; Barrillas mis- 
sionary to, I, 174; military expedi- 
tion to, I, 234 

Socorro (N. Mex.) : Indian treaty at, 

I, 181 

Soledad, Nuestra Señora de la: mines 
II, 33 

Solís, Captain Antonio de: punishes 
Conchos Indians at Nacori, I, 162 

Sonóidag, Los Reyes de (Sobaipuri 
village) : see Reyes 

Sonóita (Pápago village and mis- 
sion): see San Marcelo 

Sonóita, Santa Bárbara de (Pima vil- 
lage and mission station) : see San- 
ta Bárbara 

Sonóita River: I, 21 

Sonora, province of: Jironza, govern- 
or of, 1693-1700, I, 99; revolt at- 
tempted in, I, 162; supports mis- 
sions of California, I, 223 

Soto, Bernabe de, S.J provincial of 
New Spain, I, 89, 106, 115 

Sotomayor: see López 


two | 


INDEX 


327 





Southwest: revival of historical stud- 
ies in, I, 27 

Spanish policy: favors missions, I, 
85; Indian policy, I, 39 

Stécklein, Joseph, S.J: editor of Der 
Neue Welt-Bott, passim 

Stockraising: in missions, I, 57, 58, 
93, 143, 166; at Bac, I, 174, 205, 
at Tubutama, I, 175, 188-189, 208; 
at Concepcion, I, 175; at Caborca, 
I, 188-189; at Bacoancos, I, 207, 
210; at Sondita, I, 208; at Busanic, 
I, 208 

Strobach, Joannes, S.J: I, 31 

Stimpf, Kilian, S.J: missionary in 
China, II, 79 

Suarez, Antonio, S.J: assigned to Cal- 
ifornia mission, I, 39 

Sucoybutobabia (Papago village on 
Sonoita River): Kino at, I, 281 

Sumas (tribe): depredations of, I, 
106, 121, 142, 166, 269, II, 25 

Supplies, for missions: I, 45, 58, 120, 
194, 223, 250, 261-264, 297, 306, 
356, 367, II, 66, 99, 148, 153, 271 


TAMBURINI, MICHELE ANGELO, S.J: 
General of Order, 1706-1730, urges 
Kino to write Favores Celestiales, 
I, 92, II, 115, 274 

Tamonquí (ranchería in California): 
Il, 54 

Tapia, Father, S.J: martyred in Sin- 
aloa, I, 156 

Tapipa (place in Pimeria): I, 163 

Tarabilla, El (Indian chief): I, 274 

Tarahumares (tribe and district): 
I, 49, 87, 163, II, 28; attempted 
revolt, 1696, I, 162; kill mission- 
aries, I, 156; mentioned, I, 29r 

Tarasona, Juan Antonio de: II, 28 

Tecoripa, Sonora: Salvatierra at, I, 
266 

Tecupeto: revolt at attempted in 1696, 
I, 162 

Teguayo, Gran [Nueva Barbona]: 
Teron, 3x3, LI; 258 


Tehuantepec: I, 217 

Temastián (native teacher and help- 
er): used by missionaries, I, 132, 
209, II, 172, 239, 271 

Teocaltiche: convent at, II, 149 

Tepeguanes (tribe): martyrdoms of 
missionaries among, I, 156 

Tepocas (tribe, branch of Seris): 
Kino among, II, 32, 159 

Terrenate, Rio de San José de [San 
Pedro]: I, 164 

Terrenate, place of: I, 182. See Map 

Teupnon (rancheria in California) : 
see San Bruno 

Theran de los Rios, Gen. Domingo: 
expedition against Indians, I, 145; 
killed by Indians, I, 161 

Therán, Capt. Juan Dias de: see 
Diaz de Therán 

Thomas, Gaspar, S.J: rector of Má- 
tape, I, 222 

Tiamengo: see Arnoldi 

Tiburón Island: see Santa Inez 

Tilpe, Joannes, S.J: I, 31 

Tinaja: see Pitaqui 

Tinaja, La (watering-place near 
Gila), (not same as Tinajas Al- 
tas): I, 253, 311, 338 

Tinajas Altas: see Agua Escondido 

Tinajas de Cabeza Prieta: see Agua- 
je de la Luna 

Tivipucci, Alexandro Francisco, S.J: 
I, 97 

Tizón, Rio del: II, 244. See Colo- 
rado River 

Tocodoy Onigam (Pápago chief): 
visits Kino, I, 205 

Tonibavi: I, 162, II, 28, 30 

Tololotlán, Río: see Santiago 

Torices y Cano, Miguel de: letter to 
Kino, II, 151, 155; Manje writes 
of, II, 183 

Torre: see Ferndndez de la Torre 

Torre, Nicolas de la: witnesses docu- 
ment, I, 365 

Trade: missions with settlements, 1, 
138; Philippines with New Spain, 


328 


MEMOIR OF PIMERIA ALTA 


[Vol. 





I, 36; New Mexico with Pima, I, 
53, 223 

Trent: Kino born near, I, 28 

Tres Ojitos [Cuboquasivavia], 
(springs near Puerto de Santa 
Clara; Kino, Salvatierra, and 
Manje at, I, 283 

Tripué (ranchería 
II, 52, 54° 

Tuape (mission): I, 110, 113, 263; 
Salvatierra at, I, 268; Picolo at, 
II, 135 

Tubutama (Pima village and mis- 
sion): see San Pedro del Tubu- 
tama 

Tucsani (Cocomaricopa village on 
Gila): see San Simón 

Tucsón, San Cosme del (Sobaipuri 
village in Santa Cruz Valley): 
fields at, I, 206; see San Cosme 

Tucubabia (Pima village and mis- 
sion): see San Ambrosio del Saric 
y Tucubabia 

Tuesddú (ranchería in California): 
II, 52 

Tumacácori [Tumagácori], (Sobai- 
puri village and mission): see San 
Cayetano; ranch at, I, 165 

Tuñon y Quiros, Gregorio Alvarez 

(commander of presidio of Corodé- 
guachi): II, 76, 110; letters to 
Kino, II, 76, 90, 106, 110 

Tupo, El (Pima village): treaty at, 
I, 148: see San Miguel del Tupo 

Tups (Papago village): Kino at, I, 
291 

Tusonimo (Pima village on Gila): 
see Encarnacion 

Tutto (Cocomaricopa 
Gila): I, 246 

Tutumagóydag (Cocomaricopa vil- 
lage on Gila): see San Matias 

Tyrol: Kino born in, I, 28 


in California): 


village on 


UGARTE, JUAN DE, S. J: missionary 
in California, I, 280, 306, 367, II, 
54, 109, 187; missionary at Guay- 
mas, II, 92 


Ulloa, Francisco de: explores Cali- 
fornia, I, 36 

Undua (rancheria in California): II, 
52 

Unubbi 
Il, 53 

Unuicat (Soba rancheria): home of 
chief Soba, I, 136 

Uquitoa, San Antonio de (Pima vil- 
lage and mission): see San Antonio 

' de Uquitoa 

Ures (mission in Sonora): I, 143, 264 

Urquiso, Manuel de: II, 29 


(rancheria in California) : 


VALLADARES: see Sarmiento Valladares. 

Valle de Vanderas: I, 220 

Van Hame, Pedro, S.J: missionary 
and mathematician, in Taraumares, 
II, 142; in China, II, 78, 142; in 
Taraumares, II, 142 

Vargas Zapata, Diego de: governor 
of New Mexico, I, roo 

Vega Camacho, Antonio de la: II, 196 

Velarde, Luis, S.J: Kino’s successor 
and biographer, I, 62 

Velasco, Pedro de, S.J: missionary in 
Sinaloa, I, ror 

Venegas, Miguel S.J: author of No- 
ticia de California: references to 
Kino’s writings, I, 66 

Vera, Nicolas de, S.J: procurator to 
Rome, I, 227, 375, II, 68 

Viceroys: see Afán de Rivera, Albur- 
querque, Gálvez, Guadalcázar, La- 
guna, Mendoza, Monterey, Montes- 
claros, Moya de Contreras, Valla- 
dares 

Vidal, Jose, S.J: suggests endowment 
for California, II, 53 

Viggé (rancheria in California): see 
San Francisco Xavier 

Villa: proposed for Pimeria Alta, II, 
216-217 

Villanueva y Ron, Antonio Fernán- 
dez: I, 371 

Vivar, Capt. Joseph Romo de: I, 154 

Vizcaino, Sebastian: exploration of, I, 
36, 218, II, 235 


two | 
Voni (rancheria in California) : II, 52 


WARFARE: battle by champions, at 
Quiburi, I, 179; expenses, II, 33 

West, Elizabeth Howard: I, 25 

YAQUI, port of: I, 216 

Yaqui River: supplies from, I, 40, 47 

Yecora, on Rio Yaqui: I, 163 

Yenoyumi, rancheria in California: 
117-539 

Yesso [Yezo, Jesso], land of: I, 360, 
II, 231, 259 

Yodivineggé [Yodiviggé], (ranch- 
eria in California): Il, 53; see Do- 
lores 

Ytamarra: see Itamarra 


INDEX 


329 


Yturmendi: see Iturmendi 

Yumas (tribe): I, 50, 88, 193, 194, 
195, 201, 237, 248, 287, 289, 323, 
II, 204, 205, 210 


ZALASAR: see Salazar 

Zalazar: see Riva de Zalazar 

Zanches, Manuel, S.J: see Sdnchez 

Zapata: see Vargas Zapata 

Zeniza, Island of: I, 220 

Zevallos y Villa Gutiérre, Alonso: I, 
107 

Zevallos, Capt. 
ly 134 

Zuni (tribe): I, 237 

Zúñiga, Juan de: priest with Ortega’s 
expedition to California, I, 219 


Francisco Pacheco: 











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